Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground: Defining and measuring an elusive concept


Figure 5. Centrality: The Degree to Which Development in a UA



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Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground
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Figure 5. Centrality: The Degree to Which Development in a UA
Is Located Close to the CBD
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yyyyyyyy yyyyyyyy yyyyyyyy yyyyyyyy yyyyyyyy yyyyyyyy
A
Highly Centralized
Area
B
Highly Decentralized
Area
= MA Square mile One-quarter of a square mile Vacant parcel Undevelopable land 1,000 units CBD
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= UA border
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Another feature attributed to sprawl is the separation of different kinds of land uses from each other (Vermont Forum on Sprawl 1999) and the income segregation of suburban residential developments, due primarily to minimum lot sizes indifferent zoning categories (Burchell et al. 1998;
Cervero 1991; Downs 1999; GAO 1999; Orfield 1997; Sierra Club The complaint is that sprawl either causes or is caused by patterns of exclusive land use, including separation of homes, workplaces, and conveniences, as well as income segregation among residential communities. As the mixture of uses in a community declines, travel time and distance for those who live or work there increase. If exclusivity of use in small areas is typical of an entire UA, one would expect an increase in
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G. Galster, R. Hanson, M. Ratcliffe, H. Wolman, S. Coleman, and J. Freihage
Figure 6. Nuclearity: The Extent to Which a UA Is Characterized

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