Year milestone 1962

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  The Sun emits the solar wind, which is a continuous stream of charged particles (like electrons, protons, alpha particles, etc). These particles are present in the upper atmosphere of the Sun, called the Corona.
  
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  Since the Earth has a magnetic field, it obstructs this solar wind plasma.
  
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  This interaction results in the formation of a magnetic envelope around Earth called the magnetosphere.
  
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  On the Earth side facing the Sun, this magnetosphere is compressed into a region that is approximately three to four times the Earth radius.
  
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  On the opposite side, the envelope is stretched into a long tail, which extends beyond the orbit of the Moon. It is this that is called the Geotail.
  
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  Once every 29 days, the Moon traverses the Geotail for about six days.
  
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  The Geotail region allows the best scientific observations.
  

PSLV-C45 EMISAT MISSION

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  EMISAT is an advanced electronic intelligence (ELINT) satellite jointly developed by ISRO-DRDO. It is meant for electromagnetic spectrum measurements.
  
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  It is modeled after a famous Israeli spy satellite called SARAL (Satellite with ARgos and ALtika).
  
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  EMISAT also has a special altimeter (a radar altitude measuring device) called ‘AltiKa’ that works in the Ka-band microwave region of the spectrum.
  
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  The electronic surveillance payload of EMISAT was developed under a DRDO’s project called KAUTILYA.
  
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  The main capability of EMISAT is in signal intelligence — intercepting signals broadcasted by communication systems, radars, and other electronic systems. The Ka-band frequency that EMISAT is sensitive to allows the 436-kg
  
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  EMISAT is an all weather and all terrain condition satellite, which will allow it to work through clouds, rain, forest and coastal areas.
  
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