Ю. М. Сергеева, И. О. Сыресина
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Inversion| FULL GRAMMATICAL INVERSION
The subject of the sentence is placed in the final position when it becomes the rheme (the most important information) of the utterance. e. g. Once upon a time there lived a king with his queen. In the middle of the room, as became a host, stood the head of the family old Jolyon himself. There comes our bus! NB! When the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun there is no inversion! There it comes! (it=bus). The subject follows the predicate after direct speech: e. g. “Hello!” said John. NB! When the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun there is no inversion! “Hello!”he said (he=John) FULL EMPHATIC INVERSION Adverbial particle is emphasized, i. e. placed in the initial position in the sentence. e. g. Down went the roof! Out ran the girl crying bitterly! Off flew the birds! NB! When the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun there is no inversion! Down it went! Out she ran! Off they flew! Predicative is emphasized, i. e. placed in the initial position in the sentence before the link verb and the subject. e. g. Great was my surprise when I saw them together! “Tender is the Night” (a novel by F. S. Fitzgerald) NB! When the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun the link verb follows the subject! e. g. So worried she looked that I couldn’t leave her. What a nuisance he is! PARTIAL GRAMMATICAL INVERSION In interrogative sentences the auxiliary or the modal verb precedes the subject and the notional verb follows it. e. g. What are you doing tonight? Could you help me move a table? In subordinate clauses of condition when the conjunctions IF, EVEN IF, UNLESS are omitted. e. g. Might it be another day, I would accept your invitation. Should you need anything else, ring the attendant up. Had I known beforehand about your problem I would have certainly helped you to solve them.NB! In the Past Subjunctive all verbs can be used in the clauses with inversion. In the Present Subjunctive only these verbs – were, had, could, might, should – can be used in the clauses with inversion. 3) In short replies starting with SO, NEITHER, NOR which mean a shared quality or action. e. g. All my fellow students speak English. And so do I. Mary has never been to Australia.– Nor has John. She doesn’t remember anything about it.– Neither does he. by.NB! If SO means really, indeed (emphatic agreement with the statement) there is no inversion! e. g. You look gorgeous today! – So I do! This dish is disgusting! – So it is! You seem to have quarreled with your boyfriend.– So I have! 4). After NOR, NEITHER in compound sentences. e. g. She never helps anyone, nor does she have any qualms about it. The party was not altogether an easy one, nor was the host at his best that night. PARTIAL EMPHATIC INVERSION The predicative is emphasized in subordinate clauses of cause (conjunctions AS, THAT) and concession (conjunctions AS, THOUGH, ALTHOUGH) e. g. Tired as I was, I went to bed early. Tired though I was, I went on working. Pretty as the girl is, she has no boyfriend. NB! We use the zero article with the noun-predicative: Child though he is, he understands everything. The object can be emphasized if placed before the predicate and the subject. e. g. Little did he tell us of his problems. Nothing could I do in such situation. 3) Adverbial modifier can be emphasized if placed before the predicate. e. g. Only then could I understand what really happened. Scarcely had I closed the door when the doorbell rang. Many a time did I sit on the bank of the lagoon waiting for a ship to come. Not until I saw him did I remember his name. 62 63 Download 42.02 Kb. Share with your friends:
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