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K2 Rising PowersDevelopment of space is key to check back rising nations Stone 11 - a space/missile officer with Air Force Space Command-Reserve Component.( Christopher, 5/30/2011, “Orbital strike constellations: the future of space supremacy and national defense” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/628/1,bs) Why do we seem to have such a negative attitude toward the deployment of orbital bombardment groups? Again, we go back to the launch of Sputnik in 1957 when the Eisenhower administration wanted to find a policy that would answer the Soviet launch. Donald Quarles, then Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Development, believed the Russians unintentionally helped our strategic position by establishing the concept of freedom of international space. He believed that this idea, known today as “Sanctuary” theory, was critical to US intelligence gathering in space. Also, it would alleviate political implications and possible fears of starting a war with the Soviets. Since the end of the Cold War, we have adhered to the policy of freedom of space since our space assets have not been threatened by any other spacefaring nation. This policy, while good intentioned, may be a weakness in the future of American security. Many nations, namely the Chinese and the Russians, have formed separate military space services and have stated their intentions to push out into space and to challenge current American space superiority. The United States needs to lead the space race Stone 11 - a space analyst and space strategy planner based in Washington, DC. ( 3/15/2011, Christopher, “Space export control reform: the different schools of thought and a proposed way forward” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1587/1, bs) Some argue that the emergence of the global economic system dominating relations among states and trade makes our current export control system obsolete and, therefore, an enabler for risk to not only our national security, but our economic security and prosperity as well. In addition, it views the risk to security based upon a perceived lack of real engagement in the global commons of space and the utilization of this commons for the benefit of all humanity. In other words, due to the increasing globalization of the space industry, the United States should maintain its “lead” rather than “preeminence” through increasingly participating in the global economy, rather than protecting its industrial base and ability to produce the space forces needed to stay one generation ahead of any adversary. In this view, American space power is not space power; it’s space as a foreign policy and strategy tool. O/W relationsAmerica needs to develop space first even if that means harming relations with other countries Stone 11 - a space analyst and space strategy planner based in Washington, DC. ( 3/15/2011, Christopher, “Space export control reform: the different schools of thought and a proposed way forward” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1587/1, bs) So what is the best approach for the United States to fix the ITAR issue? In this author’s opinion, each idea has parts that make sense. Obviously, relationships with our allies are very important and should be nurtured. However, the concept of protecting our advantages in space technology should be accomplished in the most efficient and responsible way possible to ensure we, as a spacefaring nation, can maintain leadership. Finally, it also makes sense to protect only those items that need to be protected and let the industry become competitive in the global space market. The United States must remember that, despite a push for globalization and the trend of national strategy to embrace globalization and the global economic system in trade, its primary responsibility is to protect the sovereignty of the country and provide for the common defense as stated in the Constitution. In order to do this, America must maintain not just an edge over our peer and near-peer competitors on the world stage but also preeminence and preferably clear leadership in the areas of space. As one historian noted, John F. Kennedy understood that in order to maintain the top leadership position on Earth, a nation must maintain its leadership in space. This “High Ground” must be led by the United States and, with its cooperation and partnership of its allies, allow for freedom of access in space and to space capabilities. The United States must protect what it needs to and allow the industry to become the leading power economically with regards to space. Without a strong industrial base that is fully integrated into the planning and strategy-crafting processes of the national security space enterprise, our industry will eventually cease having the ability to effectively develop high-quality spacecraft and launch vehicles needed to maintain space leadership, much less that of a superpower. While in this author’s opinion the third option is the best overall, the government should undertake a thorough, robust national security risk assessment to ensure its effects on our economic leverage and influence. Ideally, this national security risk assessment should be done at the National Security Council and National Economic Council levels and then assess any questions or issues those national security risk assessments reveal to Congress and the White House. AT Cyberterror- empericsCyber attacks have increased over 200% and haven’t escalated – the impact is empirically denied Harwood 9 - writer in Washington DC. His work has appeared in the Washington Monthly, the Huffington Post, the Columbia Journalism Review ( 6/7/2009, Matthew, “America's cybersecurity threat” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2009/jun/01/obama-us-cybersecurity-tsar, bs ) Cyber-spies and hackers have also penetrated US air traffic control systems, the electrical grid and almost every federal agency network. Since 2006, the department of homeland security's computer emergency readiness team has recorded a dramatic explosion in the number of cybersecurity incidents on government networks. Two years ago, the team received 5,503 incident reports. That increased 206% to 16,843 incident reports by 2008. 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