China do the plan cp ddi 2011 1 table of contents
nc shell Even if the programs themselves fail, Chinese investment in space spurs their aerospace industry
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- Foreign investment is key to China’s economy
- Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan War
- 1nc shell Goes global and nuclear
- Space is key—boosts economic leadership and motivates tech growth
- Space exploration key to foreign investment—satellite industry
- Space program key to foreign investors Red Orbit
- Development is space like civilian programs or GPS are key to Chinese economic infrastructure Martel and Yoshihara ’3
- Developments in the space program and the aerospace industry are crucial to boost the Chinese economy
- Space is key to the economy—brings in a skilled workforce and boosts industrial performance
1nc shell Even if the programs themselves fail, Chinese investment in space spurs their aerospace industry Fiona Cunningham, research associate at the Lowy Institute for International Policy in Australia, 2009, China Security, Issue 15, “The Stellar Status Symbol: True Motives for China’s Manned Space Program” The tangible benefits of a manned space program are often cited as a reason for the Shenzhou program. The United States has demonstrated the scientific, technological, educational and commercial returns of the heavy investment in space technology required for a manned space program. Likewise, the Shenzhou program has helped China develop highly skilled scientific and technical cadres, increased employment and inspired young people to pursue scientific and technical careers.[22] China’s 2000 Space White Paper clearly states that space plays a role in China’s national development strategy.[23] The high reliability of launch services required for manned spaceflight may improve confidence in Chinese commercial launch services.[24] With the exception of launch reliability, however, it is questionable whether these benefits are the result of the manned space program specifically, or simply the higher level of investment in space technology. Perhaps indicative of the elite leadership’s recognition of the lack of tangible economic benefits is Li Peng’s comment during discussions as to whether the program should be approved that a manned space program was “necessary, if not necessarily wise”.[25] Foreign investment is key to China’s economy Gregory Chow, Prof. Emeritus of Economics at Princeton, previously a visiting professor at Harvard, Cornell, Rutgers, and MIT, Associate editor of the American Economic Review and the Chinese Economic Review, 2007, China’s Economic Transformation, pg. 327 Foreign investment has provided to China capital, new technology, managerial skill, and training for labor. It has introduced modern managerial systems, business practices, and a legal framework for conducting business transactions. In addition it has provided competition in the domestic market, and competition has forced domestic enterprises to become more efficient. China's entry into the WTO makes China's door even more open. Both foreign investment and foreign trade are expected to increase because of it. Foreign firms will begin to penetrate China's financial and telecommunications sectors. Trade will increase in both directions. The Chinese government has committed to lowering the tariffs on both agricultural and industrial products which will lead to an increase in imports. Chinese exports will also increase because Chinese goods will have better access to world markets open to members of the WTO. Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan War Dan Lewis, Director of the Economic Research Council, World Finance, 2010, “The Nightmare of a Chinese economic collapse,” lexis It has been calculated that to keep China’s society stable – ie to manage the transition from a rural to an urban society without devastating unemployment - the minimum growth rate is 7.2 percent. Anything less than that and unemployment will rise and the massive shift in population from the country to the cities becomes unsustainable. This is when real discontent with communist party rule becomes vocal and hard to ignore. It doesn’t end there. That will at best bring a global recession. The crucial point is that communist authoritarian states have at least had some success in keeping a lid on ethnic tensions – so far. But when multi-ethnic communist countries fall apart from economic stress and the implosion of central power, history suggests that they don’t become successful democracies overnight. Far from it. There’s a very real chance that China might go the way of Yugoloslavia or the Soviet Union – chaos, civil unrest and internecine war. In the very worst case scenario, a Chinese government might seek to maintain national cohesion by going to war with Taiwan – whom America is pledged to defend. 1nc shell Goes global and nuclear Lee Hunkovic, Prof. at the American Military University, 2009, “The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict,” http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/Hunkovic.pdf) A war between China, Taiwan and the United States has the potential to escalate into a nuclear conflict and a third world war, therefore, many countries other than the primary actors could be affected by such a conflict, including Japan, both Koreas, Russia, Australia, India and Great Britain, if they were drawn into the war, as well as all other countries in the world that participate in the global economy, in which the United States and China are the two most dominant members. If China were able to successfully annex Taiwan, the possibility exists that they could then plan to attack Japan and begin a policy of aggressive expansionism in East and Southeast Asia, as well as the Pacific and even into India, which could in turn create an international standoff and deployment of military forces to contain the threat. In any case, if China and the United States engage in a full-scale conflict, there are few countries in the world that will not be economically and/or militarily affected by it. However, China, Taiwan and United States are the primary actors in this scenario, whose actions will determine its eventual outcome, therefore, other countries will not be considered in this study. competitiveness link Chinese space programs increase the competitiveness of the Chinese economy Andrew Erickson, US Naval War College, PhD in Politics from Princeton, East-West Center Working Papers, 2004, “Seizing the Highest High Ground: China’s Aerospace Development and its Larger Implications,” Comprehensive National Strength’s Leading Indicator Conventional wisdom declares aerospace a ‘prestige’ sector, implying symbol over substance. For manned spaceflight, this argument has merit. But why is aerospace achievement so prestigious? Precisely because it is an important leading indicator—and even a driver—of comprehensive national strength. In this sense, prestige represents—albeit with some lag effect—an exhaustible reservoir of national credibility. With the partial exception of telecommunications, aerospace represents not only a key economic driver but also t h e cutting edge in systems design. Because of intense international competition and inherently high performance demands, aerospace requires some of the most advanced technological and engineering work. For China (like any aerospace power), the June 2000 issue of Xiandai Bingqi (Modern Weapons) magazine emphasizes, “‘developing and testing a manned spacecraft… will raise levels in such7 areas as computers, space materials, manufacturing technology, electronic equipment, systems integration, and testing as well as being beneficial in the acquisition of experience in developing… important subsystems, all of which are vitally necessary to dual-use military/civilian projects.’” 30 Therefore, Jane’s explains, “[t]he establishment of a modern, export-oriented, aerospace industry is an important indicator of the developmental level of a nation’s science, technology, economic, and national defense capabilities.” 31 Space is key—boosts economic leadership and motivates tech growth Lt Col Brendan Lewis, part of the US Air Force Reserve, Report for the National Security Program at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, 4-23-2009, “Aligning United States and Chinese Space Policies” Economically speaking, China supports its space program partially because of its potential as a driver for technological and economic advancement. China has positioned itself as a low-cost supplier of space technologies and launch services. They provide the complete package from satellite development and launch to tracking and monitoring when in orbit. The space-focused commercial services not only increase revenues for the space industry but also have been used to advance China’s diplomatic interests with other nations, especially oil-rich countries. 13 In developing a healthy space program, including high-profile activities such as human space flight, the Communist Party shows it is the essential provider of important benefits to the Chinese people, and that it possesses the leadership and vision to thrust China into what it sees as its rightful place in world affairs. Through its space program, China has furthered its 4 diplomatic objectives and has increased its influence in the developing world, especially among second-tier space powers.14 investment links Even if the programs themselves fail, Chinese investment in space spurs their aerospace industry Fiona Cunningham, research associate at the Lowy Institute for International Policy in Australia, 2009, China Security, Issue 15, “The Stellar Status Symbol: True Motives for China’s Manned Space Program” The tangible benefits of a manned space program are often cited as a reason for the Shenzhou program. The United States has demonstrated the scientific, technological, educational and commercial returns of the heavy investment in space technology required for a manned space program. Likewise, the Shenzhou program has helped China develop highly skilled scientific and technical cadres, increased employment and inspired young people to pursue scientific and technical careers.[22] China’s 2000 Space White Paper clearly states that space plays a role in China’s national development strategy.[23] The high reliability of launch services required for manned spaceflight may improve confidence in Chinese commercial launch services.[24] With the exception of launch reliability, however, it is questionable whether these benefits are the result of the manned space program specifically, or simply the higher level of investment in space technology. Perhaps indicative of the elite leadership’s recognition of the lack of tangible economic benefits is Li Peng’s comment during discussions as to whether the program should be approved that a manned space program was “necessary, if not necessarily wise”.[25] Space exploration key to foreign investment—satellite industry Eric Hagt, Director of the China Program at the World Security Institute, Sino-US Relations researcher, China Security, 2006, Vol 1(2), “Mutually Assured Vulnerabilities” Space Ambitions Bolstered by its successful manned space program, China has launched an impressive satellite program, with a clear determination to advance its capabilities in satellite technology and application, production and launch capacity and infrastructure. This ambitious plan is primarily driven by the attraction of gaining a larger share of the current annual $100 billion global commercial satellite market, which is set to grow to $150 billion by 2010. It also, however, has implications for China’s future military capabilities and thus will rapidly alter the security architecture in space. China’s Shenzhou manned space missions have been powerful advertisements for its satellite launch industry, though the current growth in satellite capacity is also a culmination of strong national policies promoting China’s satellite and satellite launch industry that date back to China’s first White Paper on Space. 15 This document arrived in the wake of the 1999 Cox Commission Report mandated by the U.S. Congress, which accused China of illicitly acquiring sensitive technology through its commercial ties with U.S. satellite firms, 16 and the subsequent U.S. move to place satellite exports under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), which effectively shut down China’s international trade in the space sector.. 17 Space program key to foreign investors Red Orbit, a space, science and technology newspaper, 9-1-2004, “China Showcases Space Program” For the secrecy-conscious national government, Jiuquan houses treasures to be guarded closely. But to local officials, Jiuquan is a blue-ribbon brand name just waiting to be marketed far and wide. "No matter what products are named after Jiuquan, they will sell," said Hao Yuan, assistant to the governor of Gansu province, where part of the space center is located. "We welcome foreign cooperation in the fields of aerospace and aviation," Hao said. "We would also like to provide launch services to foreign companies." Like most local officials, Hao has never visited the Jiuquan space center. But it was officials in Gansu who lobbied Beijing to open it up. "Otherwise, few reporters would come here," he said. China stands to reap big benefits from good publicity about its space program - both in the economic potential it represents and the national prestige it encourages at home and abroad. technology links
As with the United States, China’s objectives in space reflect broad commercial and military interests. From an economic perspective, the PRC views the exploitation of space as an integral part of its modernization drive a top priority on Beijing’s national agenda. The rapid growth of China’s economy in the past two decades has fueled investments in civilian space capabilities for several reasons. First, the explosive growth of the Chinese telecommunications market has spurred China to put both indigenous and foreign-made networks of communications satellites into orbit to keep pace with demand. Second, China’s relatively inexpensive and increasingly reliable launchers have enabled Beijing to provide satellite-launching services to major international customers. Third, China recognizes that space res e a r ch a t the f r ont i e r o f s c i ent i f i c knowl edg e p r omi s e s inno v a t i v e b r e akthroughs that are likely to strengthen its economic power and technological capabilities in the long term. As a result of these economic imperatives, the Chinese government has invested substantial resources in a robust space program. The PRC has developed a comprehensive scientific and industrial base capable of producing commercial space launchers and satellites. Chinese launch vehicles, which have become increasingly reliable and competitive in the international market, can place a variety of satellites—including those used for communications, remote sensing, photo reconnaissance, meteorology, and scientific research—into earth orbit. Furthermore, since 1999, China’s involvement in preparation for manned spaceflight has attracted substantial international attention. technology links Satellites are key to R&D Maj. Gen. Chang Zianqi, professor at the Institute of Command and Technology, former president, published over 40 papers and books AND Maj. Sui Junqin, PhD candidate at the Institute of Command and Technology, Masters Degree from the University of Science and Technology in Beijing, China’s Space Mission, 3-12-2009, “Active Exploration and Peaceful Use of Outer Space” With regard to bolstering national strength, the development of “micro-technology,” particularly microelectronic technology, has led to the birth of small and micro-satellites, which will continue to play a key role in China’s space program. Employing the new design concept of miniaturized satellites, scientists can reduce construction time while lowering the cost and risk of R&D. Thus, miniaturized satellites can be mass-produced more easily and along with their capacity to operate in constellations, have demonstrated superior operational capability. Demonstrating rapid sector growth and widespread application, small and micro-satellites are highly valued by the space sector both in China and abroad. From 1985 to 2000, 660 small satellites were put into orbit worldwide, half of which were micro-satellites. This percentage has been growing with recent progress in aerospace technology. As a key player among the world’s space-faring nations, China has also attached great significance to the development of micro-satellites. In fact, China has already begun the research, development and deployment of a series of small and micro-satellites. industry links Space programs like Shenzhou boost major Chinese industries Xinhua News, Chinese News Agency, 10-21-2005, “Successful manned space mission triggers booming aerospace economy,” lexis The recent successful journey of China's Shenzhou-6 spacecraft has boosted the aerospace economy in the country, with share prices at 10 listed astronautic companies rising by 7 percent in one week. "The launching of the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft at the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan period (2001-2005) will have a far-reaching impact upon China's macro-economy as well as the next Five-Year Plan," Professor Han Liyan of the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics was quoted by the Economic Information Daily as saying. Xu Dazhe, deputy general manager of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp., which developed Shenzhou-6, revealed that the launching of Shenzhou-6 cost 900 million yuan (approximately 110 million US dollars), solely provided by the government. "It will bring tremendous economic benefits to the country," he said. Han Liyan estimated that China's aerospace project has involved a chain of industries worth 120 billion yuan (14.8 billion US dollars). The Shenzhou-6 project and the aeronautic industry will boost the national economy both in the long run and short term, he said. Inaugurated in 1992, China's manned space program is solely dependent on its own technology, involving hundreds of up and down-stream enterprises and research institutions and thousands of cooperative working units in the country, Vice Minister Ma Songde of Science and Technology was quoted by the Economic Information Daily newspaper as saying. The manned space program will stimulate the rapid development of new materials, telecommunications and the biological industry, he said. Developments in the space program and the aerospace industry are crucial to boost the Chinese economy Alanna Krolikowski, Visiting Scholar, Space Policy Institute at George Washington Univ., PhD Candidate @ Univ. of Toronto (lol Canada), 3-21-2011, Congressional Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, “China’s Civil and Commercial Space Activities and their Implications” Space-related industries figure in government plans for building a knowledge economy, increasing domestic consumption, especially of high-technology products, fostering indigenous innovation, and building a sophisticated scientific, technical, and industrial base. High-end manufacturing and information technology, which include satellites and telecommunications, are among the seven new strategic sectors identified in the 2011-2016 Five Year Plan to receive policy support and public investment. The forms of support and other measures directed at these strategic industries include: direct public investment in research and development; fiscal, tax, and financial policies to support major national S&T projects and indigenous innovation; measures to improve market access; concessional pricing systems for land and utilities; and government oversight of mergers and acquisitions to concentrate and consolidate capacity in the manufacturing industries. Space-sector firms are also targets of initiatives to develop globally recognized Chinese brands and create internationally competitive high-technology companies. Chinese space professionals emphasize that developing space-related products and services will serve the state’s goal of moving the economy into the higher value-added rungs of the export ladder. More generally, they say, the high-profile space program will help build international consumer confidence in Chinese technology products, showing the world that “China doesn’t just make shoes.” 6 Space is key to the economy—brings in a skilled workforce and boosts industrial performance Dwayne Day, Space Historian, Policy Analyst, Doctorate in Politics from George Washington Univ., 10-13-2008, The Space Review, “The new path to space: India and China enter the game” Kevin Pollpeter focused more on the economic aspects of China’s space ascendancy, a rise which has been rapid in the past few years. He noted that since 2001 China had flown three human spaceflight missions, launched a lunar mission, conducted ASAT tests, and orbited a radar satellite, a remote sensing constellation, an ocean monitoring satellite, a communications relay satellite, and exported two satellites. China had also achieved launcher reliability at international standards and has not experienced a launch vehicle failure since 1996, possibly due to the illegal assistance of several American companies. Space, according to Pollpeter, is a method for China to achieve “great power status.” Chinese officials believe that it is a technology driver that can propel China’s economy and facilitate innovation in pharmaceuticals and metallurgy. It can also provide other economic benefits, like increases in quality control testing and improving standards for selecting and training management personnel. The Shenzhou human spaceflight program in particular is a driving force. Pollpeter noted that the average age of Shenzhou personnel is 36 and the average age of their Chang’e robotic lunar mission personnel is 33. Pollpeter compared this to many NASA projects where the average age is in the fifties and 25 percent of the US aerospace workforce is eligible to retire. education links Directory: file -> view view -> Western Europe after wwii view -> Author study: paul fleischman view -> Qpa1 7ela study Guide view -> Arctic Oil/Gas Neg view -> November 1970 Approximately 150,000-500,000 deaths Bhola Cyclone Bangladesh view -> Grade Level: 6 Unit of Study: Caribbean glce view -> Citation: Duffield, Katy view -> Table of Contents Lesson # view -> Chinese Wind Energy Disad Download 0.57 Mb. Share with your friends:
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