Potential Types of Error in Data Collection – Div. C - Non-Causal Relationships
- Confounding – occurs when the effects of two risk factors are mixed in the occurrence of the health-related event under study - when an extraneous factor is related to both disease and exposure
Statistics for Division C Descriptive Epidemiology - Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Variance
- Standard deviation
- Standard error
- Confidence intervals of means
Statistics for Division C Analytic Epidemiology - Z-test
- T-test
- Paired T-test
- Chi-square
- McNemar test for paired data
- Fischers exact test
- Cochran Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio
Division B – Regional/State - modes of transmission
- Calculate health-related rates (attack, incidence, prevalence, case fatality)
- Calculate a simple relative risk and describe what it means
- Interpret epi curves, temporal patterns and other simple graphic presentations of health data..
- List, discuss and recognize examples of disease causing agents (physical and biological)
- Demonstrate an understanding and ability to use terms such as endemic, epidemic and pandemic; population versus sample, association versus cause.
- Describe various types of prevention and control strategies (e.g. immunization, behavior change, etc) and situations where they might be used
- Understand how units affect the relative magnitude of a set of rates with different units.
- Calculate appropriate measures of risk when given the study design
- Complete tables when given all data needed to complete calculations.
- Propose a reasonable intervention to a public health problem.
- Recognize gaps in information
Division C – Regional/State - Recognize differences between study designs ,Types of Error, and do Statistical Analysis
- Calculate measures of risk (e.g. relative risk or odds ratio) when given a description of the study design
- Calculate measures based on data that is not given but that can be readily extracted.
- Recognize how gaps in information influence the ability to extend conclusions to the general population.
Division C – National - Recognize unmentioned factors that may influence results.
- Recognize Types of Error and do Statistical Analysis
- Convert between rates with different basic units (e.g. incidence per 10000 persons/year to incidence per 100 persons/week).
- Propose a means to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention or control program.
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