7.4 avoiding ambiguity by using a relative clause in preference to the - ing form 1. Be careful of using the -ing form when it is not 100% clear whether the -ing form is being used in a restrictive or nonrestrictive sense (7.2.1). 2. Even where there is no ambiguity, the -ing form can be replaced with that when the -ing form has been used to define the previous noun. 3. The use of having tends to be confined to mathematics, physics and computer science. Essentially, you can always use that has or that have. YES NO 1 Edible jelly fish, whichbelong to the order Rhizostomeae , area popular seafood in Asia. Edible jelly fish belonging to the order Rhizostomeae area popular seafood in Asia. All jellyfish are Rhizostomeae. Not clear if the author is referring to all jellyfish or just a subset. The / Those edible jellyfish that belong to the order Rhizostomeae area popular seafood in Asia. Only some jellyfish are Rhizostomeae 1 Many authors have performed studies that compare X and Y. Many authors have performed studies comparing X and Y. The studies compare X an Y. Not clear whether it was the authors or the studies that made the comparison. Many authors have performed studies by comparing X and Y. The authors compared X and Yin order to make their study. 2 These are complexes formed by simple ligands containing / that contain a maximum of five coordinating centers. 3 The null set is the set having / that has no elements. A person having no job is called unemployed. 3 Markov processes having / that have a countable state space are known as … Those people having no house are known as homeless.
