English for Research: Usage, Style, and Grammar

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A.Wallwork - English for Research Usage, Style, and Grammar - 2013

Past continuous
8.10 will

have been trying to understand the …
2 We have already written three
papers on this topic. Web have been investigating this problem for three years .
8.9
past continuous and past perfect vs simple past
1.
Past continuous to indicate along action that was interrupted by a short action.
2.
Past continuous to indicate two long actions that took place at the same time, past simple fora series of non-simultaneous actions.
3.
Past perfect to highlight when one action took place earlier than a later action. The past simple indicates a series of consecutive actions.
PAST CONTINUOUS,
PAST PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
1 We encountered a problem while web were loading the software. Web downloadedb the software and
installed it.
2 While I was studying I was also
working full time. I studied at Ulaanbaatar State University. I then worked for Mongolian Railways.
3 Two dogs that had died for reasons unrelated to this study were used to characterize the approach. Unfortunately, one of the cats died during the experiments.

58
8.10
will English has many ways to express the future. However, only will and the present continuous (8.1) are usually found in research manuscripts.
1.
Will is used for making predictions.
2.
Will can be used to express a hypothesis referring to one specific case, whereas the present simple is used for well-known conditions that are applicable to all cases.
3. In the Conclusions section use will to outline future work.
4.
Will can be used to talk about future parts of the manuscript.
5. Despite Rule 4, prefer the present simple , particularly when outlining the structure of the paper.

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