and 90% or higher. In Greece too, no enforcement system is in place. Yet the election law clearly stipulates sanctions for nonvoting that entail imprisonment or deprivation of public office (Constitution, 2001; Election Law, 2007). Although no implementation mechanisms are in place and compulsory voting exists only in abstracto, participation rates (around 80%) are still higher there than in the rest of the EU, the recent 53% being the lowest ever recorded. The same is true for Italy, which abolished the law in 1993. Hence, inmost cases, even when
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