Estuary Nutrient Monitoring. The purpose of the nutrient monitoring effort is to establish scientifically sound data for nutrient loads in Georgia’s coastal rivers, estuaries, and sound systems. These baseline data are a tool for resource managers to use in making sound management decisions based on both historical and current water quality conditions.
Estuary nutrient monitoring is funded by the State of Georgia. The data collected is used to assess the nutrient loads in the State’s sounds and estuaries. Nutrient monitoring began on March 1, 2000, and is a long term monitoring program designed to establish trends for nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, ortho-phosphate, and silicate. Sample collection for nutrients occurs monthly at 89 stations selected by CRD. Tidal river nutrient monitoring is conducted monthly year-round on the Ogeechee, Altamaha, and St. Marys Rivers by GAEPD. Water samples collected from each site are analyzed by the UGA laboratory.
DNR State Park Beach Monitoring. The DNR State Park Beach Monitoring supports the following program objectives: protecting the public health, documenting water use impairment, assessing environmental and public health effectiveness of voluntary and required pollution control programs, and supporting water quality management programs.
The DNR Parks, Recreation and Historic Sites Division (PRHSD) operate public beaches on small lakes and reservoirs at several State parks in Georgia. State park beach monitoring of bacteria was conducted on a periodic park-by-park basis prior to 1996. Beginning in 1996, beach monitoring has been conducted at census State park freshwater inland beaches by DNR personnel. A table of the DNR State Parks Lake Beach monitoring sites is provided in Appendix A.
Groundwater Well Monitoring. In January 2011, GAEPD’s Regulatory Support Program reinstated a state-wide ambient groundwater monitoring network similar in design to that which existed within the Georgia Geologic Survey prior to 1998. The network consists of wells and springs located throughout the State such that broad characterizations may be drawn regarding the general water quality of all major aquifers found within Georgia. Water samples are analyzed for dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, presence of radiation, VOCs, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, total phosphorus, nitrate/nitrite, and metals. Pesticide analyses are conducted on certain samples (mainly from the Coastal Plain), when and if possible. Monitoring personnel will collect quarterly samples at 22 stations and single annual samples at 122 well locations. The list of the ground water wells monitored is provided in Appendix A.
4. CORE AND SUPPLEMENTAL WATER QUALITY INDICATORS
As described in the individual monitoring program designs above, a variety of indicators are used to assess compliance with water quality standards and support of individual use classifications. A common set of water quality criteria including pathogen indicators (fecal coliform, enterococci, E. coli), dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and toxic substances apply to all water uses in Georgia including recreation, drinking water, fishing and aquatic life, wild river, scenic river, and coastal fishing. In assessing lake water quality, additional indicators such as nutrients, secchi depth, and chlorophyll a are included. Core and supplemental indicators are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2. WATER QUALITY INDICATORS
INDICATOR TYPE
|
AQUATIC LIFE
|
RECREATION
|
Core
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Dissolved oxygen
pH
Temperature
Turbidity
Suspended solids
Lake trophic status
Macroinvertebrate community
Fish community
Periphyton/Phytoplankton
Macrophyton
Habitat
Flow
|
Pathogen Indicators
Transparency
Algal blooms, chlorophyll a
Macrophyte density
Land-use/% impervious cover
|
Supplemental
|
Toxic pollutants (e.g., priority
pollutants, pesticides, metals)
Toxicity tests
Tissue chemical assays
Nutrients
Chlorophyll a
Sediment chemistry
Organism condition factor
Non-native species
Land-use/% impervious cover
Pollutant loadings
Fish kills
|
Aesthetics
Objectionable scums, sheens,
debris, deposits
Sediment quality
Color
Turbidity
pH
Flow/water level
|
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