Global Warming & Climate Change
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Saturday, April 28, 2012 Global Warming & Climate Change 
Steen Ulrik Johannessen/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images Global warming has become perhaps the most complicated issue facing world leaders. Warnings from the scientific community are becoming louder, as an increasing body of science points to rising dangers from the ongoing buildup of human-related greenhouse gases — produced mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and forests. Global emissions of carbon dioxide jumped by the largest amount on record in 2010, upending the notion that the brief decline during the recession might persist through the recovery. Emissions rose 5.9 percent in 2010, according to the Global Carbon Project, an international collaboration of scientists. The increase solidified a trend of ever-rising emissions that scientists fear will make it difficult, if not impossible, to forestall severe climate change in coming decades. However, the technological, economic and political issues that have to be resolved before a concerted worldwide effort to reduce emissions can begin have gotten no simpler, particularly in the face of a global economic slowdown. For almost two decades, the United Nations has sponsored annual global talks, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, an international treaty signed by 194 countries to cooperatively discuss global climate change and its impact. The conferences operate on the principle of consensus, meaning that any of the participating nations can hold up an agreement. The conflicts and controversies discussed are monotonously familiar: the differing obligations of industrialized and developing nations, the question of who will pay to help poor nations adapt, the urgency of protecting tropical forests and the need to rapidly develop and deploy clean energy technology. But the meetings have often ended in disillusionment, with incremental political progress but little real impact on the climate. The negotiating process itself has come under fire from some quarters, including the poorest nations who believe their needs are being neglected in the fight among the major economic powers. Criticism has also come from a small but vocal band of climate-change skeptics, many of them members of the United States Congress, who doubt the existence of human influence on the climate and ridicule international efforts to deal with it. A Global Initiative Led by the U.S. In mid-February 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton was expected to announce a new international effort focused on reducing emissions of common pollutants that contribute to rapid climate change and widespread health problems. Impatient with the slow pace of international negotiations, the United States and a small group of countries — Bangladesh, Canada, Ghana, Mexico and Sweden as well as the United Nations Environment Program — are starting a program that will address short-lived pollutants like soot (also referred to as black carbon), methane and hydrofluorocarbons that have an outsize influence on global warming, accounting for 30 to 40 percent of global warming. Soot from diesel exhausts and the burning of wood, agricultural waste and dung for heating and cooking causes an estimated two million premature deaths a year, particularly in the poorest countries Scientists say that concerted action on these substances can reduce global temperatures by 0.5 degrees Celsius by 2050 and prevent millions of cases of lung and heart disease by 2030. The United States intends to contribute $12 million and Canada $3 million over two years to get the program off the ground and to help recruit other countries to participate. The United Nations Environment Program will run the project. Officials hope that by tackling these fast-acting, climate-changing agents they can get results quicker than through the laborious and highly political negotiations conducted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2011 Global Talks in Durban At the 2011 conference delegates from about 200 nations gathered together in Durban, South Africa. One of the issues left unresolved was the future of the Kyoto Protocol, the 1997 agreement that requires major industrialized nations to meet targets on emissions reduction but imposes no mandates on developing countries, including emerging economic powers and sources of global greenhouse gas emissions like China, India, Brazil and South Africa. The United States is not a party to the protocol, having refused to even consider ratifying it because of those asymmetrical obligations. Some major countries, including Canada, Japan and Russia, have said they will not agree to an extension of the protocol next year unless the unbalanced requirements of developing and developed countries are changed. That is similar to the United States’ position, which is that any successor treaty must apply equally to all major economies. Expectations for the meeting were low, and it ended with modest accomplishments: the promise to work toward a new global treaty in coming years and the establishment of a new climate fund. The deal on a future treaty renewed the Kyoto Protocol for several more years. But it also began a process for replacing the protocol with something that treats all countries — including the economic powerhouses China, India and Brazil — equally. The future treaty deal was the most highly contested element of a package of agreements that emerged from the extended talks among the nations here. The expiration date of the protocol — 2017 or 2020 — and the terms of any agreement that replaces it will be negotiated at future sessions. The delegates also agreed on the creation of a fund to help poor countries adapt to climate change — though the precise sources of the money have yet to be determined — and to measures involving the preservation of tropical forests and the development of clean-energy technology. The reserve, called the Green Climate Fund, would help mobilize a promised $100 billion a year in public and private financing by 2020 to assist developing countries in adapting to climate change and converting to clean energy sources. 2010 Global Talks in Cancún The United Nations conference on climate change in Cancún, Mexico, produced only modest achievements but ended with the toughest issues unresolved. The package that was approved, known as the Cancún Agreements, set up a new fund to help poor countries adapt to climate changes, created new mechanisms for transfer of clean energy technology, provided compensation for the preservation of tropical forests and strengthened the emissions reductions pledges that came out of the U.N. climate change meeting in Copenhagen in 2009. The conference approved the agreement over the objections of Bolivia, which condemned the pact as too weak. But those protests did not block its acceptance. Delegates from island states and the least-developed countries warmly welcomed the pact because it would start the flow of billions of dollars to assist them in adopting cleaner energy systems and adapting to inevitable changes in the climate, like sea rise and drought. But where the promised aid from wealthy nations — $100 billion — would come from was left unresolved. The E.U. Gets Tough With Airline Emissions In December 2011, the European Union’s highest court endorsed the bloc’s plan to begin charging the world’s biggest airlines for their greenhouse gas emissions from Jan. 1, 2012, setting the stage for a potentially costly trade war with the United States, China and other countries. A group of United States airlines had argued that forcing them to participate in the potentially costly emissions-trading system infringed on national sovereignty and conflicted with existing international aviation treaties. But in a final ruling , the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg affirmed an opinion issued in October by its advocate general, who had rejected their claim. The court’s decision came amid increasing pressure from some of the biggest trading partners of the 27-member bloc to suspend or amend application of the legislation to expressly exclude non-E.U. countries — at least initially. Failing that, several governments have vowed to take their own legal action or retaliate with countervailing trade measures. Although airlines initially will receive most of the permits they will need for free, the European Union estimates that ticket prices could rise by as much as €12, or nearly $16, on some long-haul flights to cover the cost of additional permits required. Airlines for America, an industry lobby group and one of the plaintiffs in the case, said that its members would be required to pay more than $3.1 billion to the E.U. between 2012 and 2020. It said its members would comply with the system “under protest,” but would also review options for pursuing the case in Britain’s High Court, which had referred the original complaint to the European court in 2009. The European initiative involves folding aviation into the Union’s six-year-old Emissions Trading System, in which polluters can buy and sell a limited quantity of permits, each representing a ton of carbon dioxide. The legislation mandates that airlines account for their emissions for the entirety of any flight that takes off from — or lands at — any airport in the 27-member bloc. The goal, European officials have said, is to speed up the adoption of greener technologies at a time when air traffic, which represents about 3 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions, is growing much faster than gains in efficiency. The U.S. and Climate Change The United States has been criticized at the United Nations gatherings for years, in part because of its rejection of the Kyoto framework and in part because it has not adopted a comprehensive domestic program for reducing its own greenhouse gas emissions. President Obama has pledged to reduce American emissions 17 percent below 2005 levels by 2020, but his preferred approach, a nationwide cap-and-trade system for carbon pollution, was passed by the House in 2009 but died in the Senate the next year. United States emissions are down about 6 percent over the past five years, largely because of the drop in industrial and electricity production caused by the recession. In January 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency began imposing regulations related to greenhouse gas emissions. The immediate effect on utilities, refiners and major manufacturers was minor, with the new rules applying only to those planning to build large new facilities or make major modifications to existing plants. Over the next decade, however, the agency plans to regulate virtually all sources of greenhouse gases, imposing efficiency and emissions requirements on nearly every industry and every region. A Draft Rule Stands in the Way of New Coal-Fired Plants In March 2012, the E.P.A. unveiled a draft rule that would limit carbon dioxide emissions from new power plants to 1,000 pounds per megawatt-hour. Recently built power plants fired by natural gas already easily meet the new standards, so the rule presents little obstacle for new gas plants. But coal-fired plants face a far greater challenge, since no easily accessible technology can bring their emissions under the limit. Coal-fired plants are a major source emissions associated with global warming. The new rules do not apply to existing plants. The declining price of natural gas has made it the fuel of choice in recent years for companies planning new plants. The E.P.A.’s move follows a shift that is already unfolding in the electric power market. The proposed rule is rooted in a 2007 directive from the Supreme Court instructing the E.P.A. to decide whether carbon dioxide was a pollutant under the Clean Air Act. In late 2009, the agency declared that it was, and so had to be regulated. It took more than two years for the agency to work out the regulatory details. To open an avenue to companies still planning to build coal plants, for example, the E.P.A. said it would allow new ones to begin operating with higher levels of emissions as long as the average annual emissions over a period of 30 years met the standard.
The debate over climate questions pales next to the fight over what to do, or not do, in a world where fossil fuels still underpin both rich and emerging economies. With the completion of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the Earth Summit in 1992, the world’s nations pledged to avoid dangerously disrupting the climate through the buildup of greenhouse gases, but they never defined how much warming was too much.
Scientists learned long ago that the earth’s climate has powerfully shaped the history of the human species — biologically, culturally and geographically. But only in the last few decades has research revealed that humans can be a powerful influence on the climate, as well. A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that since 1950, the world’s climate has been warming, primarily as a result of emissions from unfettered burning of fossil fuels and the razing of tropical forests. Such activity adds to the atmosphere’s invisible blanket of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping “greenhouse” gases. Recent research has shown that methane, which flows from landfills, livestock and oil and gas facilities, is a close second to carbon dioxide as an impact on the atmosphere. That conclusion has emerged through a broad body of analysis in fields as disparate as glaciology, the study of glacial formations, and palynology, the study of the distribution of pollen grains in lake mud. It is based on a host of assessments by the world’s leading organizations of climate and earth scientists. In the last several years, the scientific case that the rising human influence on climate could become disruptive has become particularly robust. Some fluctuations in the earth’s temperature are inevitable regardless of human activity — because of decades-long ocean cycles, for example. But centuries of rising temperatures and seas lie ahead if the release of emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation continues unabated, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a group that shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former Vice President Al Gore. In addition, a report released by the I.P.C.C. in November 2011 predicted that global warming will cause more dangerous and “unprecedented extreme weather” in the future. Despite the scientific consensus on these basic conclusions, enormously important details remain murky. That reality has been seized upon by some groups and scientists disputing the overall consensus and opposing changes in energy policies. For example, estimates of the amount of warming that would result from a doubling of greenhouse gas concentrations (compared to the level just before the Industrial Revolution got under way in the early 19th century) range from 3.6 degrees to 8 degrees Fahrenheit. The intergovernmental climate panel said it could not rule out even higher temperatures. While the low end could probably be tolerated, the high end would almost certainly result in calamitous, long-lasting disruptions of ecosystems and economies, a host of studies have concluded. A wide range of economists and earth scientists say that level of risk justifies an aggressive response. Other questions have persisted despite a century-long accumulation of studies pointing to human-driven warming. The rate and extent at which sea levels will rise in this century as ice sheets erode remains highly uncertain, even as the long-term forecast of centuries of retreating shorelines remains intact. Scientists are struggling more than ever to disentangle how the heat building in the seas and atmosphere will affect the strength and number of tropical cyclones. The latest science suggests there will be more hurricanes and typhoons that reach the most dangerous categories of intensity, but fewer storms overall. RELATED: More About Global Warming From The Learning Network Retreating Ice Erin Aigner, Jonathan Corum, Vu Nguyen/The New York Times Arctic Melt Unnerves the Experts By ANDREW C. REVKIN Scientists are unnerved by this summer?s massive polar ice melt, its implications and their ability to predict it.
ARTICLES ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING Newest First | Oldest First Page: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Next >> Study Hints at Greater Threat of Extreme Weather By JUSTIN GILLIS New research suggests a faster water cycle over the oceans than previously believed, raising the possibility of more droughts and floods.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: WEATHER, OCEANS AND SEAS, LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY, SCIENCE, NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION On an Urban Heat Island, Zippy Red Oaks By DOUGLAS M. MAIN The growth of red oak seedlings in northern Central Park far outpaced that of trees planted in the suburbs or rural areas of New York, largely because of higher temperatures, a study says.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: FORESTS AND FORESTRY, GLOBAL WARMING, RESEARCH, CATSKILLS (NYS AREA), CENTRAL PARK (NYC), HUDSON RIVER VALLEY (NY), COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, LAMONT-DOHERTY EARTH OBSERVATORY Effects of Climate Change Seen for Corn Prices By STEPHANIE STROM A study suggests that unless American farmers develop more heat-tolerant corn varieties or move production into Canada, frequent heat waves will cause sharp price spikes.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: AGRICULTURE AND FARMING, CORN, RESEARCH, PRICES (FARES, FEES AND RATES), NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE For Earth Day, a Bit of Perspective By JUSTIN GILLIS A PBS series offers a low-key but encompassing explanation of climate change and lays out common-sense strategies for addressing it.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, PUBLIC BROADCASTING SERVICE Discovery’s ‘Frozen Planet’ Is Silent on Causes of Climate Change By BRIAN STELTER A Discovery Channel series about changes in polar regions does not mention causes, avoiding the fury that often accompanies mention of climate change. ABOUT: FROZEN PLANET (TV PROGRAM) April 21, 2012 MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: TELEVISION, DOCUMENTARY FILMS AND PROGRAMS, DISCOVERY CHANNEL, BRITISH BROADCASTING CORP Polar Bears Did Not Descend From Brown Bears, DNA Study Indicates By JAMES GORMAN After analyzing DNA samples from the two species, scientists reported that polar bears are not descended from brown bears.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: POLAR BEARS, BEARS, ENDANGERED AND EXTINCT SPECIES, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, RESEARCH, EVOLUTION, DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID), ARCTIC REGIONS, SCIENCE Early Bloomers By RICHARD B. PRIMACK, ABRAHAM J. MILLER-RUSHING and BECCA STADTLANDER The flowers that bloom in the spring now bloom earlier than in Thoreau’s time. April 19, 2012 MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: WEATHER, SPRING (SEASON), FLOWERS AND PLANTS, BOOKS AND LITERATURE, THOREAU, HENRY DAVID
DNA Study Finds Deeper Antiquity of Polar Bear Species By ANDREW C. REVKIN New research finds polar bears have survived two periods substantially warmer than now.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: BEARS, DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID), EVOLUTION, GLOBAL WARMING, POLAR BEARS OP-CHART; Early Bloomers By RICHARD B. PRIMACK, ABRAHAM J. MILLER-RUSHING and BECCA STADTLANDER Op-Chart by Richard B Primack, Abraham J Miller-Rushing and Becca Stadtlander makes use of Henry David Thoreau's journals to show that a large number of flowers in Concord, Mass, have begun blooming far earlier in the year than they did in the 19th century; contends that global warming is the most likely cause. Drawings
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: WEATHER, SPRING (SEASON), FLOWERS AND PLANTS, BOOKS AND LITERATURE, THOREAU, HENRY DAVID Of Pretzels, Space Heaters and the Fate of the Planet By JUSTIN GILLIS The results of polls on climate change are sensitive not just to the wording of a question, but respondents' recent experiences -- even the current temperature of a room.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: GLOBAL WARMING, POLLS AND PUBLIC OPINION, SOCIOLOGY, WEATHER, GALLUP (NM), COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Americans Link Global Warming to Extreme Weather, Poll Says By JUSTIN GILLIS A large majority of Americans believe that this year’s unusually warm winter and last year’s blistering summer were likely made worse by global warming, according to a survey.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: WEATHER, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, POLLS AND PUBLIC OPINION, YALE UNIVERSITY, GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY Don't Say 'Gay.' Do Say 'Intelligent Design.' By ANDREW ROSENTHAL Tennessee is trying to prohibit teachers from discussing homosexuality.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: CREATIONISM AND INTELLIGENT DESIGN, GLOBAL WARMING, HOMOSEXUALITY Beetles’ Birth Explosion Puts Pine Trees Under Stress By SINDYA N. BHANOO Beetles that attack and kill weak pine trees are reproducing twice a year instead of once as warm temperatures arrive earlier, and millions of trees are dying.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: TREES AND SHRUBS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INVASIVE SPECIES, BEETLES, BOULDER (COLO), AMERICAN NATURALIST, THE U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Headed Up Again By JOHN M. BRODER An improvement in the economy and an unusually warm summer led to a 3.2 percent rise in national energy consumption in 2010, the E.P.A. reports. April 16, 2012 MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: AIR POLLUTION, CARBON DIOXIDE, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND TRENDS, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, RECESSION AND DEPRESSION, UNITED STATES ECONOMY, UNITED STATES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, OBAMA, BARACK
Pseudoscience and Tennessee’s Classrooms Tennessee has enacted a law that protects teachers who invite students to challenge the science underlying evolution and climate change. April 16, 2012 MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: EDUCATION (K-12), CREATIONISM AND INTELLIGENT DESIGN, EDITORIALS, LAW AND LEGISLATION, EVOLUTION, TENNESSEE, REPUBLICAN PARTY, HASLAM, BILL How Green Are Electric Cars? Depends on Where You Plug In By PAUL STENQUIST A report found that recharging an electric vehicle in some parts of the United States will generate the same amount of greenhouse gases as driving many gas-powered cars.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: AUTOMOBILES, CARBON DIOXIDE, FUEL EFFICIENCY, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES, ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY, ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER, LOS ANGELES (CALIF), DENVER (COLO), ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, NISSAN MOTOR CO, UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, GHOSN, CARLOS In Europe, Homegrown Power for Auto Plants By PAUL HOCKENOS Some European automakers are investing directly in renewable energy, hoping to demonstrate that zero-carbon transportation can be a viable alternative.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: AUTOMOBILES, CARBON DIOXIDE, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES, HYDROELECTRIC POWER, ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY, WIND POWER, EUROPE, AUDI DIVISION OF VOLKSWAGEN AG, RENAULT SA, SMART DIVISION OF DAIMLER AG, BAYERISCHE MOTORENWERKE AG, VOLKSWAGEN AG Signs Europe Bending on Airline Carbon Fee By THE NEW YORK TIMES The European Union's toll on greenhouse gas emissions from foreign airlines could disrupt wider climate-change talks.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: AIRLINES AND AIRPLANES, CARBON DIOXIDE, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, EUROPE, EUROPEAN UNION, INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION OP-ED CONTRIBUTOR; Why Trees Matter By JIM ROBBINS Op-Ed article by author Jim Robbins expounds on the merits of trees, which cool and clean the earth; says now is as good a time as any to undertake a planting effort.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: TREES AND SHRUBS, FORESTS AND FORESTRY, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS Exploring America's, and the World's, Energy Choices By ANDREW C. REVKIN Fresh explorations of energy options, from fracking to conservation.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND TRENDS, ENERGY AND POWER, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL WARMING, HYDRAULIC FRACTURING, OIL (PETROLEUM) AND GASOLINE, NEW YORK TIMES, PACE UNIVERSITY, YERGIN, DANIEL On Astronauts, NASA, and Climate Concerns By ANDREW C. REVKIN NASA astronauts, like the rest of us, are divided on the significance of global warming.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, SPACE, NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION, HANSEN, JAMES E Is Climate Change Resulting in Higher Rates of Illness? By C. CLAIBORNE RAY There is evidence that more lives are being lost to heart and respiratory ills, as well as infectious diseases spread by carriers whose habitats are expanding.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: LYME DISEASE, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEDICINE AND HEALTH, INSECTS More on Extreme Weather in a Warming Climate By ANDREW C. REVKIN Varied views on role of greenhouse-driven warming in shaping weird weather.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: BLOGS AND BLOGGING (INTERNET), GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, STATISTICS, WEATHER, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, NATURE (JOURNAL) A Fresh Look at How Humans Are Loading Climate 'Dice' By ANDREW C. REVKIN Two longtime climatologists explore ways to describe the impact of accumulating greenhouse gases on extreme weather events.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: DROUGHT, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, WEATHER, MOSCOW (RUSSIA), UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, HANSEN, JAMES E The Other Arab Spring By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN Environmental pressures, not just political and economic ones, stirred change in the Mideast. April 8, 2012 MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: DROUGHT, POPULATION, SHORTAGES, WATER, POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA UNREST (2010- ), MIDDLE EAST Sustainably Feeding a Changing World A new vision of how we farm and how we eat, and of how to take better care of this planet’s biological resources, will be needed to provide food for a growing population. April 7, 2012 MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: POPULATION, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, AGRICULTURE AND FARMING, EDITORIALS, GENETIC ENGINEERING, FOOD, CGIAR The Greatest Challenge of Our Species By THOMAS LOVEJOY Human ingenuity is up to the challenge of saving the Earth, but we need to act now.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, EARTH WELL; The Claim: Because of climate change, allergy seasons are longer. By ANAHAD O'CONNOR Studies suggest that rising global temperatures have lengthened allergy season. (M)4
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: ALLERGIES Time Is Nigh for Global Action, Manifesto Warns By DAVID JOLLY In a a formal declaration, scientists, government officials and business leaders warn that the world's approach to tackling environmental problems must change rapidly if disaster is to be avoided.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: EARTH, GLOBAL WARMING, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, BRAZIL, LONDON (ENGLAND), RIO DE JANEIRO (BRAZIL), UNITED NATIONS Arctic Sea Ice Eyed for Clues to Weather Extremes By JUSTIN GILLIS and JOANNA M. FOSTER Amid seesawing temperatures, suspicion is focused on the decline of sea ice in the Arctic, believed to be a consequence of the human release of greenhouse gases.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: TEMPERATURE, WEATHER, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, ICE, ARCTIC REGIONS New Rules for New Power Plants The Obama administration proposed limits on carbon dioxide emissions for new power plants that will combat climate change and enhance public health. March 29, 2012 MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: CARBON DIOXIDE, FACTORIES AND MANUFACTURING, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, EDITORIALS, COAL, ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER, AIR POLLUTION, SENATE, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, OBAMA, BARACK Scientists Call for Practical Steps to Smooth Humanity's Journey By ANDREW C. REVKIN Scientists gauging global environmental trends propose practical steps to cut risks. March 29, 2012 MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: BIODIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, PLANETS, POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SUSTAINABLE LIVING, THIRD WORLD AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, GREAT BRITAIN, LONDON (ENGLAND), INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, UNITED NATIONS
A Coho Salmon's Journey By ALIETTE FRANK Coho salmon, an important food source for Steller sea lions and a cultural icon of Canada's West Coast, face stressful marine conditions near the mouth of the Fraser River.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: GLOBAL WARMING, SALMON, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA), CANADA, VANCOUVER ISLAND (BRITISH COLUMBIA) 
‘The Island President’: Jon Shenk Documentary at Film Forum By A. O. SCOTT In “The Island President,” the documentary filmmaker Jon Shenk turns his camera on the uglier realities of life and politics in the Maldives. ABOUT: ISLAND PRESIDENT, THE (MOVIE)
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: MOVIES, DOCUMENTARY FILMS AND PROGRAMS, MALDIVES, NASHEED, MOHAMED, SHENK, JON Elephants Down Under By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN There is a place in the world where moderate Republicans still exist, but, unfortunately, it’s a 13-hour flight from Los Angeles to get there.
MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: UNITED STATES POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND A Critique of the Broken-Record Message of 'Green Traditionalists' April 27, 2012 5:20pm Making Information Matter in a Noisy Age April 26, 2012 9:18am Study Points to Roles for Industry and Organics in Agriculture April 25, 2012 2:15pm On Our Radar: A Hard Look at Exxon Mobil April 27, 2012 Ministers Wrap Up Clean Energy Meeting April 27, 2012 7:20am Natural Gas Is on a Roll, Executive Declares April 26, 2012 4:11pm Go to Blog » Headlines Around the Web What's This? BLOOMBERG APRIL 28, 2012 Carbon Price Needed to Halt Warming, NASA Chief Says TWITTER.COM APRIL 27, 2012 Balboa Island has to decide if it believes in global warming TREEHUGGER APRIL 27, 2012 See How Climate Change Rising Sea Levels Plague American Cities Right Now WONK ROOM APRIL 27, 2012 Germany: Fighting Climate Change And Phasing Out Nuclear Power Are Two Sides Of The Same Coin 
Frozen Carbon Permafrost underlies nearly a quarter of the Northern Hemisphere and stores a huge amount of carbon. Scientists in Alaska are trying to determine whether potential thawing of permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere will release huge amounts of carbon, intensifying global warming. Documenting Climate Change in the Adirondacks Jerry Jenkins, an ecologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society, has been documenting climate change closer to home, specifically in the Adirondacks. 
Interactive Graphic Sea Ice in Retreat This summer saw a record-breaking loss of Arctic sea ice. 
The Climate Divide Malawi, India, the Netherlands and Australia will experience global warming in very different ways. 
Interactive Feature Global Winners and Losers 
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Report Predicts Rising Seas Science reporter Andy Revkin examines the long-term social consequences of rising temperatures and seas around the globe. Dr. James Hansen on Global Warming Dr. James Hansen, NASA's top climate scientist, says the Bush administration tried to stop him from talking about emissions linked to global warming. Global Warming Navigator A list of resources from around the Web about Global Warming as selected by researchers and editors of The New York Times.
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