Lecture Comparative Typology as a branch of general linguistics 1
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Lecture 1. Comparative Typology as a branch of general linguistics 1. Typology is a brunch of linguistics which studies the structural similarities between languages regardless of their history. Typology studies: 1. what features do all lang. have in common? 2. In what ways do different lang. differ from each other? 3. how does the sound system of the native lang. differ from the sound system of the foreign language? 4.How do grammatical categories differ? 5. how sentences and phrases are built in different lang.? 6. How are words built in different languages. Comparative typology classifies languages according to their structure. Although languages may differ in their material (i.e. have no words of the same root, or common morphemes) their structure (i.e. relations between the elements, functions of the elements) may be similar. e.g. The Russian and Bulgarian languages are kindred languages. Their material is similar. They have many words of the same root. However, structurally they are different. The Russian language has a system of six cases and the Bulgarian language has no category of case. The English, Turkic and Chinese languages are very different materially. Their origin is different. However, in all these languages, an adjective can precede a noun and there is no grammatical agreement between these parts of speech. Therefore, they belong to the same structural type. Another aim of comparative typology is to establish the most general characteristics common for several or all languages. Such characteristics are called language universals. The subject of linguistic typology is language with comparison with other language or languages. Comparative linguistics is a relatively young discipline which offers many unexplored problems. It is the study of how languages are structured, how they are used and how they change through time. Typology of languages is a branch linguistics which studies the structural similarities between languages regardless of their history and origin. The main questions studied by comparative linguistics are the following: What features do all languages have in common; In what ways do different languages differ from each other How does the sound system of the native language differ from the sound system of the foreign language; How do grammatical categories differ; How sentences and phrases are built in different languages. How are words built in different languages; Branches of typology. Download 15.26 Kb. Share with your friends:
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