MASARYK UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SOCIAL STUDIES
Department of International Relations and European Studies
China in Africa: Case Study of Ghana in the Scope of Neo-colonialism
BACHELOR THESIS
Veronika Gregušová
Thesis Supervisor – Mgr. Jan Polišenský
UČO – 382630
Field of Study – International Relations, Environmental Studies
Matriculation Year – 2010
Tišnov, 2013
I do hereby solemnly declare that this bachelor thesis is a result of my independent work. All sources of information and bibliographical references used in the thesis have been cited accordingly in the text and in the bibliography.
Tišnov, 21st April 2013
Veronika Gregušová
Acknowledgements
First and foremost I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my supervisor Mgr. Jan Polišenský, who assisted me during the course of writing. He offered me new perspectives and showed a deep knowledge of the subject matter.
It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge my friend Charanjit Basumatary, who supported me with his business education and provided advice in the chapters dedicated to economy.
My sincere thanks go to my family, which has continuously encouraged me in my studies.
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 5
Abstract 7
Key Words 7
Abstrakt 7
Klíčová slova 7
1 Introduction 8
2 Methodology 10
3 The Theory of Neo-Colonialism 12
3.1 Introduction 12
3.2 The Mechanisms of Control 13
3.2.1 Economic Control 13
3.2.2 Political Control 14
3.2.3 Control through Official Development Assistance 14
3.3 Forms of Neo-Colonialism in Africa 15
4 China in Africa 16
4.1 History of China in Africa 16
4.2 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation 17
4.2.1 New Strategic Partnership 17
4.3 Recent Chinese Engagement in Africa 18
4.3.1 Trade 18
4.3.2 Foreign Direct Investment 19
4.3.3 Official Development Assistance 20
4.3.4 Diplomacy and Political Cooperation 21
4.3.5 Military Cooperation 21
4.4 Chinese Motivations 22
4.5 Perception of Chinese Engagement in Africa 22
5 Ghana Case Study 24
5.1 China-Ghana Bilateral Relations 24
5.2 Trade 24
5.2.1 Imports 25
5.2.2 Exports 26
5.2.3 Analysis of Trade 26
5.3 Foreign Direct Investment 28
5.3.1 Value of Chinese FDI in Ghana 29
5.3.2 Chinese FDI in Extractive Industry Sector 29
5.3.3 Chinese FDI in Non-extractive Industry Sector 30
5.3.4 Analysis of FDI 31
5.4 Official Development Assistance 32
5.4.1 Official Development Assistance and Other Official Flows 32
5.4.2 Sectoral Analysis of Chinese ODA in Ghana 33
Energy Sector 33
Information and Communications Technologies Sector 34
Infrastructure Sector 34
Construction Sector 35
Industry and Agriculture Sectors 35
Health Sector 35
5.4.3 Analysis of ODA 36
5.5 Finance and Banking Sector 37
5.5.1 Analysis of Finance and Banking Sector 38
5. 6 Political Relations 39
5.6.1 Analysis of Political Relations 41
5.7 Military Relations 42
5.7.1 Analysis of Military Relations 43
5.8 Cultural Relations 44
5.8.1 Analysis of Cultural Relations 45
6 Conclusion 46
7 Bibliography 49
7.1 Primary Sources 49
7.1.1 Conference Papers 53
7.2 Secondary Sources 54
7.2.1 Books 54
7.2.2 Newspapers 56
7.2.3 Journal Articles 62
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
ACET - African Center for Economic Transformation
ARB - African Research Bulletin
AU - African Union
BOC - Bank of China
CADFund - China Africa Development Fund
CDB - China Development Bank
CNOOC - China National Off-shore Oil Corporation
CCS - The Centre for Chinese Studies
DAC - Development Assistance Committee
DRC - Democratic Republic of Congo
EU - European Union
FDI - Foreign Direct Investment
FOCAC - Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
GAO - United States Government Accountability Office
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
GIPC - Ghana Investment Promotion Center
GIS - Ghana Immigration Service
IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICT - Information and Communications Technologies
IMF - International Monetary Fund
MDGs - United Nations Millennium Development Goals
MFA - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
MOFCOM - Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China
MW - megawatt
ODA - Official Development Assistance
OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OOF - Other Official Flows
PRC - People’s Republic of China
SIPRI - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
SMEs - Small and Medium Enterprises
SOEs - State Owned Enterprises
TI - Transparency International
UG - University of Ghana
UN - United Nations
UN Comtrade - United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database
UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
US - United States
USD - United States Dollar
WB - World Bank
WTO - World Trade Organization
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