**Mass Transit 1ac 1ac – economy advantage
**Urban Sprawl Advantage** Mass Transit Sprawl Links
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- Mass transit allows for more efficient land use
- Increased mass transit options will lead to a shift away from car dependence and end sprawl
- Mass transit solves urban sprawl
**Urban Sprawl Advantage**Mass Transit Sprawl LinksRoad focus leads to sprawl – transit investments reduces car dependencePollard, 4’ – Senior Attorney and Director, Land and Community Program at Southern Environmental Law Center (Trip, “Article: Follow the money: transportation investments for smarter growth,” Temple Environmental Law & Technology Journal, Spring, 2004, 22 Temp. Envtl. L. & Tech. J. 155)//AWV Greater analysis and scrutiny should be given to numerous aspects of transportation infrastructure decisions in order to better understand the likely impacts of these decisions on land development and transportation patterns and to identify opportunities to promote smarter growth. As noted above, the amount and comparative level of investment in various transportation modes is an important influence on land development and transportation patterns. Heavy spending on highways and other roads has spurred sprawl and provided few meaningful alternatives to motor vehicle use. Investments in transit, on the other hand, tend to foster more compact development patterns and to reduce driving. However, this is a very broad generalization and investments in road projects need not be antithetical to smarter growth and more sustainable transportation. The location, type, and scale of project selected for investment within a particular mode are additional factors influencing the impacts of transportation funding decisions. For example, the impacts of funding a massive new highway through the countryside are very different than the impacts of extending and upgrading a network of smaller streets in an existing community. Another significant feature of infrastructure funding decisions is the degree of connectivity a project provides to other transportation facilities. Funding a system of cul-de-sac streets that funnels all drivers in a suburban residential area onto a large collector road to go to work or to a store, for example, is likely to result in longer driving distances, more traffic congestion and less walking or bicycling than funding a connected grid of streets that provides alternative routes for drivers to reach any particular destination and more direct routes for pedestrians and cyclists. Mass transit allows for more efficient land useArizona PIRG Education Fund, 2009 “a federation of independent, state-based, citizen-funded organizations that advocate for the public interest.”(“Why and How to Fund Public Transportation”, march 2009, http://www.uspirg.org/sites/pirg/files/reports/Why-and-How-to-Fund-Public-Transportation.pdf)//DD Transportation and land-use problems are tightly connected. On the one side, light rail, commuter rail and rapid bus systems allow development of more walkable communities where using a car is an option rather than a requirement. For example, communities that are more compact save money because smaller networks can be constructed for driving, sewage, electricity and parking. Many central cities thrive as physical “hubs” for business activity, many doubling their population during the work day. Such massive influxes of people would be impossible if everyone drove long distances and required parking. Increased mass transit options will lead to a shift away from car dependence and end sprawlWhite 1999 Attorney, (S Mark, “Zoning and Real Estatae Implications of Transit-Oriented Development”, Transit Cooperative Research Program, Federal Transit Administration, http://www.reconnectingamerica.org/assets/Uploads/zoningrealestateimplicationstod_1999.pdf)//DD While suburban sprawl continues, professional planners believe that there is deep-seated dissatisfaction with twentieth century urban sprawl and have championed a return to mixed-use villages and centers that promote pedestrian and transit travel. The so-called "new urbanists"9 are challenging cities and developers to employ a concept known as "transit-oriented development" (TOD) (also known as pedestrian-oriented development) as an alternative to urban sprawl.10 This form of development has five major characteristics. First, a TOD has sufficient density to encourage the use of public transit. Second residences, jobs, and retail destinations are located close to public transit facilities. Third, a TOD consists of mixed uses, with retail and employment sites located within walking distance of residential areas. Fourth, the TOD is built on a grid transportation network, which is not divided into the arterial-collector-local road classification system found in most suburban areas. Finally, most TODs contain urban design guidelines and design features that encourage a more pedestrian orientation, which theoretically encourages its residents to eschew the automobile in favor of more communal forms of transportation. Mass transit solves urban sprawlDzurik, 99 - Danuta Leszczynska and Angela Brenner National Urban Transport Institute (Andrew, “Mass Transit and Sustainable Urban Environments,” 1999, http://www.urbanicity.org/Site/Articles/Dzurik.aspx)//AX “There is no question that urban sprawl is closely linked to the use of the private automobile and to a variety of environmental and social problems. In contrast to sprawl, many people throughout the world have viewed land as a scarce commodity to be protected and used wisely. Increased mass transit use and controlled or decreased automobile use can help to alleviate many of the problems of sprawl, particularly environmental, health and social effects (Kenworthy, 1996). Most developing countries have yet to reach a high level of automobile ownership, although they are experiencing rapid urban growth. As economies develop, however, there is a tendency for more private automobiles. Thus, investment in effective urban mass transit systems can be an important tool in making wise use of the land in the face of increasing urbanization.” Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 0.91 Mb. Share with your friends:
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