**Mass Transit 1ac 1ac – economy advantage
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- Solvency – Road Focus
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USFG Key – Urban SprawlFederal grants key to expand intercity mass transitWhitehouse.gov, 12 (“Winning the Future for Cities and Metropolitan Areas”, www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/.../2012CitiesFactSheet.pdf)//AWV Expand Access to Rail. The Budget proposes to invest $53 billion over six years in passenger rail, from a new dedicated rail account of the expanded Transportation Trust Fund. This program will provide competitive grants to fund the development of a robust intercity passenger rail network comprised of core express (over 125 mph), regional (90 to 125), and emerging (up to 90 mph) corridors. These investments will support the President’s goal of providing 80 percent of Americans with convenient access to a passenger rail system within 25 years. The Budget also proposes to merge Federal support for Amtrak into the larger rail program, so that the Federal government takes a coordinated approach to rail issues. USFG Key – RoadsFederal investment in mass transit will substantially decrease road useBuilding America’s Future, 11 – a bipartisan coalition of elected officials dedicated to bringing about a new era of U.S. investment in infrastructure that enhances our nation’s prosperity and quality of life. (“Falling Apart and Falling Behind”, Transportation Infrastructure Report, http://www.bafuture.com/sites/default/files/Report_0.pdf) Investing more in mass transit. Two-thirds of the U.S. population lives in our largest metropolitan areas, and this number is expected to grow—a recent survey shows that 77% of Americans under 30 intend to live in an urban core for most of their lives. Yet only 30 of the largest 100 metropolitan regions in the U.S. have light rail or subway systems. Only half of Americans have access to mass transit, and surveys show that most Americans want more local transport options. But cities and states need more federal support to build the mass transit alternatives our metropolitan regions need. The federal government should shift more attention and funding toward building more mass transit alternatives. Spurring investment in mass transit is a smart use of federal dollars: new light rail or commuter rail lines can accommodate 8 or 9 times the number of passengers as a new lane of highway, and they can be built at a fraction of the cost. Solvency – Road FocusMass transit solves road focusGordon, 11 – Economic Analyst at Charles River Associates (Michael, “Funding Urban Mass Transit in the United States”, Boston College Economics Honor’s Thesis, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2007981, p. 5, 3-23-11)//AWV Urban mass transit serves two significant purposes to the general population: promoting equity and increasing convenience. Some people cannot afford to drive or live close to where they work and thus rely on public mass transit to earn income. Meanwhile, the convenience of urban mass transit derives from the decrease in reliance on the automobile. Urban mass transit decreases congestion considerably, which in turn increases the utility of commuters who use the urban road infrastructure. Additionally, many urban dwellers rely on urban mass transit to reduce commute times and the strains of either walking everywhere or finding limited parking. Solvency – Transit Capital Assistance ProgramTransit capital assistance program key to fund improvements in mass transitGordon, 11 – Economic Analyst at Charles River Associates (Michael, “Funding Urban Mass Transit in the United States”, Boston College Economics Honor’s Thesis, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2007981, p. 11, 3-23-11)//AWV One program, the Transit Capital Assistance Program, used $6.9 billion to support capital needs of public transit systems, such as purchasing vehicles, constructing or fixing track and stations, and purchasing new equipment.17 ARRA split the remaining $1.5 billion of funding between two programs: the Fixed Guideway Infrastructure Program, which funds capital improvements to existing fixed guideway systems,18 and the Capital Investment Grants Program, which funds the construction of new fixed guideway systems or extensions of existing ones.19 ARRA has thus given much-needed funds to urban mass transit systems, but it remains unclear what will happen after the two-year period ends. If ARRA is a one-time program, then the systems may need additional capital assistance in the future. A2 Roads GoodLaundry list of benefits prove mass transit better than road transitGordon, 11 – Economic Analyst at Charles River Associates (Michael, “Funding Urban Mass Transit in the United States”, Boston College Economics Honor’s Thesis, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2007981, p. 4-5, 3-23-11)//AWV Public transportation in the United States is at a critical juncture as many systems enter the post-recession period with large deficits and debts, and limited funding at their disposal. Urban mass transit systems across the country provide critical services to their cities and the inhabitants of those cities. Nearly every major American city relies on some form of urban mass transit, including bus and rail systems. Many of these transit systems have used funds from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) for capital improvements, yet struggle to cover rising operating costs. As urban populations continue to grow and roads become more congested, efficient urban mass transit will become even more important. Many different people rely on the public services of urban mass transit, including the elderly and the poor, who use it to commute to work. In addition to its other benefits, urban mass transit reduces congestion by taking cars off the road, which also improves public health and the environment by reducing pollution. But because systems must provide below-market fares to remain accessible to everybody and keep ridership high, fares alone cannot cover system costs. Instead, many systems utilize federal, state, and local subsidies to provide the difference. 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