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Table 7. Description of variables.
Variables Description
DEP Deposits and short term funding deposit and short term funding – deposits from other banks total assets
NII Net interest income other operating income)/(other operating income+ net interest revenue) LOAN Loan loss provisions Loan loss provision total loans LAB Personnel expenses Personnel expenses/total assets EXP Overheads
Overheads/total assets SIZE Total assets Total assets RD Total expenditure on RD (% of GDP) Employment in RD, all sectors (% total) Human resources in science and technology, all sectors Human resources in science and technology, Knowledge- intensive financial services NACE Rev. 1.1 codes 65, 66, 67 Human resources in science and technology, financial intermediation Banking structure
Herfindahl index Sum of the squared market shares of the individual banks
C5-ratio Market share of the five largest banks Competition of foreign banks Ratio of foreign bank branches on total number of bank branches Technology Usage Percentage of households having access to the Internet at home Percentage of households having access to a Personal computer Prices of telecommunication, local calls Prices of telecommunication, national calls Broadband penetration rate (%) Spending Information technology expenditure (of GDP) Communication expenditure (of GDP) Macroeconomic Long term interest rates Growth of labour productivity
Table 8. Fuzzy clustering on bank characteristics, 2004.
ROA ROE cost income ratio overhead/profit before tax silhouette width cluster silhouette width cluster silhouette width cluster silhouette width cluster

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