Mini Dbq how have European actions changed the natural environment of Europe?
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  Mini DBQ
How have European actions changed the natural environment of Europe? You will analyze 13 documents through answering the document based questions provided. The questions will help guide you toward picking out the key information. Make sure you spend time on each source to truly understand the meaning behind the document. While you are investigating the subject, keep the following writing prompt in mind: How have European actions changed the natural environment of Europe? When you complete your research, you will use specific examples from the 13 sources provided to support your argument. The essay should be at least 5 paragraphs and fulfill the requirements in the rubric provided.
Today, the UK’s air pollution is mainly caused by emissions from cars and trucks and from ozone. Pollutants from cars include carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides. They hover close to the ground, contaminating the air people breathe. Ozone adds to the problem, forming when air pollutants mix and react with sunlight to from smog. Air pollution can lead to many health problems. The UK has been working hard to reduce air pollution since the Great London Smog occurred. The government has tightened emissions standards for vehicles, endorsed the use of cleaner fuels, and urged citizens to use public transportation like buses and subway systems.
How have European actions changed the natural environment of Europe? Background Essay 2: Air Pollution Source: Mullins, E. (2009). CRCT test prep. (p. 115). Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is famous for air pollution. In fact, the word smog was first used in 1905 to describe the air in London. Smog is air pollution caused by sunlight acting on the gases from automobile and factory exhausts. It sometimes hangs over cities in the United Kingdom. Thick London smog happens when water in the air mixes with smoke particles from a coal fire. In the Great Smog of 1952, the smog was so dense that, for four days, the people in London could not see what was in front of them. Transportation slowed, crime increased, and thousands of people died from the pollution. People around the world suddenly were frightened. They began to worry about the quality of the air they were breathing in. 
The United Kingdom’s major natural resources are oil, natural gas and coal. Much of the United Kingdom’s manufacturing uses these resources. The Industrial Revolution began around the coalfields where fuel was cheap and available. Many people in the United Kingdom work in these coalfields. Today, coal from these fields still fuels the country’s power plants. It also burns in fireplaces and stoves in many homes. Use of coal is decreasing. However, that means fewer jobs for workers in coal mining. In the past, the major source of air pollution was smoke and sulfur dioxide from burning coal or other fossil fuels. Today, exhaust from gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles is the major problem. Asthma and pneumonia are linked to vehicle emissions. This makes people concerned about air pollution and heath. It burns the lungs, nose, and eyes and endangers human life. High air pollution keeps children and senior citizens indoors. Air pollution also blackens buildings and threatens wildlife. As far back as the 1300s, Kind Edward I tried to solve the problem by banning coal fires. After the Great Smog, the government created smokeless zones in London where only smokeless fuels could be used. Cleaner coals, increased use of electricity, and use of gas have reduced air pollution. Today the government sets limits for industry. Laws have forced automakers to build vehicles that produce less harmful exhaust. The government regularly checks air quality. It asks citizens to drive less and use cleaner forms of energy. Londoners no longer experience the blackout smog of the 1950s. Air quality has improved. However, the United Kingdom still ranks in the top ten in the world in harmful industrial emissions. Air pollution in the United Kingdom continues to cause acid rain in many countries in Western Europe.
Air Pollution Background Essay Questions
Document A – Air Pollution Source: Twomey, D. (2013, March 13). Air pollution puts UK in dock, EU in the red. Eco News. Retrieved from http://econews.com.au/news-to-sustain-our-world/air-pollution-puts-uk-in-dock-eu-in-the-red/ 
Document “A” - Air Pollution Analysis:
Document B – Air Pollution Source: Hudson-Smith, A. (2006). London air pollution in 3d [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-pWWj6szNs&feature=youtu.be Watch the video using the following link: http://youtu.be/P-pWWj6szNs 
Document “B” – Air Pollution Analysis:
Document C – Air Pollution Source: Vidal, J. (2010, June 25). London air pollution 'worst in europe'. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jun/25/london-air-pollution-europe London air pollution 'worst in Europe' Britain faces court cases and unlimited fines after dangerous levels of minute particles breach EU levels The City of London has been found to be one of the most polluted places in Europe after monitoring equipment recorded dangerous levels of minute particles for the 36th time this year. Under EU rules, Britain is allowed no more than 35 "bad air" days in the whole year, and now faces court cases and unlimited fines by Europe. The breaching of the EU levels after just six months will embarrass the government, which was sent a final warning only three weeks ago from the European commission to improve air quality. Many other places in central London are close to the limit and can be expected to break the law within weeks. The government has applied to Europe for a time extension until 2011 to comply with daily particulate pollution from traffic, but is not certain to be granted it because it has been flouting EU air quality laws since 2005 and is perceived by the environment commissioner Janez Potočnik to have done little to address the problem. "Air pollution is bad for our health. It reduces human life expectancy by more than eight months on average and by more than two years in the most polluted cities and regions," he said. The London Liberal Democrat MEP Sarah Ludford said: "This latest breach is yet another wake-up call for the mayor of London and the government. Research has shown that airborne pollution in London could be responsible for up to thousands of premature deaths a year: this is an invisible public health emergency." Poor air quality is now considered one of the biggest public health issues now facing the UK. A recent report by the House of Commons environmental audit committee included evidence that air pollution could be contributing to 50,000 deaths in the UK a year. A study (pdf) commissioned by Boris Johnson, mayor of London, calculated that more than 4,300 deaths are caused by poor air quality in the city every year, costing around £2bn a year. Simon Birkett, founder of the Campaign for Clean Air in London, said: "With the first of many London sites breaching the legal limit before the end of June, it is blindingly obvious now why the European commission sent the UK a second and final written warning for breaching these same legal standards, every year since 2005 in London, less than a month ago". Jenny Bates, London campaigner for Friends of the Earth, said: "Boris Johnson must abandon plans that will make the situation worse, such as scrapping the western extension to the congestion charge, pursuing more river crossings for vehicles and supporting a 50% increase in flights from City airport. This means taking strong action himself, rather than relying on uncommitted government measures to do the job." A spokesperson for Johnson said: "This is one of several central London locations which will receive a targeted package of measures to tackle pollution, for example applying dust suppressants to road surfaces and deploying the cleanest buses into these areas. Other initiatives include proposed age limits for taxis, converting the bus fleet to hybrid and investing record levels into cycling. "We are also proposing to include the dirtiest lorries and vans in the London low emission zone by early January 2012. The new bus for London will be 40% less polluting than traditional diesel and we are spending millions to support the mainstream use of zero-polluting electric vehicles." A Defra spokesman said: "The mayor and London boroughs are responsible for local air quality in London. The mayor has published a draft air quality strategy which includes specific measures to reduce PM10 and NO2 pollution. "We are confident that PM10 limits will be met in London by the 2011 deadline and the government has submitted evidence to the European commission to demonstrate this."
Document “C” – Air Pollution Analysis:
Document D - Air Pollution: Political Cartoon Source: Baldwin, M. (Photographer). Asthma Cartoon 3 [Web Drawing]. Retrieved from http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/a/asthma.asp 
Document “D” – Air Pollution Analysis: 1. What people and objects are shown? · 2. What's happening in the cartoon? · 3. What issue do you think this cartoon is about? · 4. What do you think the cartoonist's opinion on this issue is? How have European actions changed the natural environment of Europe? Background Essay 1: Acid Rain Source: Marsh, C. (2012). Student Workbook. (pp. 104-105). Peachtree City, GA: Gallopade International. Rain, Rain, Go Away! Every country on our planet faces environmental issues. Many of the environmental problems in Europe have come about because of poor practices in the past by local industries. Industry has made many countries wealthy, but has also had some terrible effects on the environment. 
One example is the problem of acid rain in Germany. What is it? Acid rain is rain polluted by gases released into the air by the burning of fossil fuels, like coal or oil. In the first half of the 1900s, the former country of East Germany burned massive amounts of brown coal (or lignite) to produce electricity. When burned, brow coal give off a gas called sulfur dioxide. This gas mixes with moisture in the air. So when it rains, the rain is polluted with sulfur dioxide. What are some effects of acid rain?
Now What Happens? The acid rain in Germany is a concern for all Europeans, and for people around the world. Brown coal is still Germany’s chief domestic sources of energy, meeting one-quarter of the country’s energy needs. Therefore, Germany has made strict changes to its coal production practices and closed old, inefficient factories. Germany has also put strict laws in place to reduce pollution. Factory owners are fined if they do not reduce the amount of sulfur dioxide they emit into the air. Cars must have a special converter fitted to the exhaust system, and the government is working to change over to less polluting fuels like oil and natural gas. Today, improving the environment is a top issue in German society!
How have European actions changed the natural environment of Europe? Background Essay 2: Acid Rain Source: Mullins, E. (2009). CRCT test prep. (p. 114). Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press Germany is a country of old forests, beautiful rivers, and historic artwork and buildings. Over the past thirty years, acid rain has taken its toll on these landmarks. Acid rain has ruined nearly half of the Black Forest in southwestern Germany. It has damaged the soil and the trees growing in it. Many acres of diseased trees are at risk of dying. Sulfur and nitrogen found in acid rain eat holes in the surfaces of statues and buildings. Acid rain pollutes rivers, like the Danube and the Rhine, and kills the wildlife living there.
When it comes to the problem of acid rain, German is its own worst enemy. The main sources of acid rain are smoke from factories and power plants. These facilities burn fuels like natural gas, coal, and oil. Cars and buses that burn gasoline and diesel produce these gases too. Germany, however, depends on manufacturing. The country is one of the leading exporters of cars, steel, and chemical products. These industries have mostly coal-burning factories. Germans also own more cars than people of most other countries do. This adds to acid rain through auto emissions. Nature plays a part in the acid rain problem. The toxic smoke from manufacturing plants is carried by air currents to other places before it falls to earth as acid rain. Germany shares its borders with many other countries. With other countries involved, it is also a more difficult problem to solve. For example, air currents bring the chemical-filled smoke from coal-burning factories in the United Kingdom to Germany. The chemicals fall to earth in Germany as acid rain. Germany has been working on the problem of acid rain. In southern Germany, plants that use water power form streams and rivers in the region are replacing many coal-burning factories. The German government has passed laws to reduce emissions from automobiles and factories. Factories are switching to cleaner fuels. They are building taller smokestacks that scrub the smoke before it enters the air. In 2007, Germany, as a member of the European Union, promised to increase its use of cleaner, renewable energy by 20 percent. Germany’s goal is to decrease the use of fossil fuels like coal and oil. Germany is developing new types of energy. It is the leading producer of wind turbines and solar power technology in the world. It is home to the largest wind farm and the largest solar energy plant in the world. Because of these changes, the country’s harmful emissions are falling. This is reducing the amount of acid rain.
Acid Rain Background Essay Questions 1. What is acid rain? 2. What are some effects of acid rain? 3. What has Germany done to reduce acid rain?
2. How do the clouds become polluted? 3. What are the two forms of acid rain?
Acid rain describes any form of precipitation with high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids. It can also occur in the form of snow, fog, and tiny bits of dry material that settle to Earth. Rotting vegetation and erupting volcanoes release some chemicals that can cause acid rain, but most acid rain falls because of human activities. The biggest culprit is the burning of fossil fuels by coal-burning power plants, factories, and automobiles. When humans burn fossil fuels, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are released into the atmosphere. These chemical gases react with water, oxygen, and other substances to form mild solutions of sulfuric and nitric acid. Winds may spread these acidic solutions across the atmosphere and over hundreds of miles. When acid rain reaches Earth, it flows across the surface in runoff water, enters water systems, and sinks into the soil. Acid rain has many ecological effects, but none is greater than its impact on lakes, streams, wetlands, and other aquatic environments. Acid rain makes waters acidic and causes them to absorb the aluminum that makes its way from soil into lakes and streams. This combination makes waters toxic to crayfish, clams, fish, and other aquatic animals. Some species can tolerate acidic waters better than others. However, in an interconnected ecosystem, what impacts some species eventually impacts many more throughout the food chain—including non-aquatic species such as birds. Acid rain also damages forests, especially those at higher elevations. It robs the soil of essential nutrients and releases aluminum in the soil, which makes it hard for trees to take up water. Trees' leaves and needles are also harmed by acids. The effects of acid rain, combined with other environmental stressors, leave trees and plants less able to withstand cold temperatures, insects, and disease. The pollutants may also inhibit trees' ability to reproduce. Some soils are better able to neutralize acids than others. In areas where the soil's "buffering capacity" is low, the harmful effects of acid rain are much greater. The only way to fight acid rain is by curbing the release of the pollutants that cause it. This means burning fewer fossil fuels. Many governments have tried to curb emissions by cleaning up industry smokestacks and promoting alternative fuel sources. These efforts have met with mixed results. But even if acid rain could be stopped today, it would still take many years for its harmful effects to disappear. Individuals can also help prevent acid rain by conserving energy. The less electricity people use in their homes, the fewer chemicals power plants will emit. Vehicles are also major fossil fuel users, so drivers can reduce emissions by using public transportation, carpooling, biking, or simply walking wherever possible.
Document F – Acid Rain Analysis: 1. According to the article, what is the biggest cause of acid rain and who is to blame? 2. How does acid rain affect non-aquatic species? 3. How can acid rain be prevented? 4. What can you do to help stop the spread of acid rain? Document G – Acid Rain Source: Sustainable Development and Much Much More. (2008, November 07). Eastern European countries are plagued by coal. Retrieved from www.edouardstenger.com/2008/11/07/eastern-european-countries-are-plagued-by-coal/ 
Document F – Acid Rain Analysis: 1. How does this map show that acid rain is a transboundary issue? 2. Which country is affected the most by acid rain? 3. Why could this map be different today? Document G – Acid Rain Source: McCracken, T. (Photographer). Singing in the Acid Rain [Web Drawing]. Retrieved from http://www.mchumor.com/singing2_bframe.html 
Document G – Acid Rain Analysis: 1. Describe what you see. · 2. What do you see that might refer to another work of art or literature? 3. What's happening in the cartoon? · 4. What do you think the cartoonist's opinion on this issue is? How have European actions changed the natural environment of Europe? Introduction Image Analysis - Chernobyl Document H(a) - Chernobyl Source: History Channel. 26 April - This day in history [Web Photo]. Retrieved from http://www.history.co.uk/this-day-in-history/April-26.html;jsessionid=46242CA0E3A1432253C213FE9FA8B44F 
Document H(a) – Chernobyl Analysis: 1. View the first picture. What do you think this is? 2. Justify why you think that? Now view the Document H(b) on the next page. Document H(b) - Chernobyl Source: Kibiloki, L. (2009, July 12). Do you remember Chernobyl? nuclear disaster contamination: apparently worse than previously thought.. Retrieved from http://electrodes.wordpress.com/2009/07/12/remember-chernobyl-nuclear-disaster-contamination-worse-than-previously-thought/ 
Document H(b) – Chernobyl: 3. Are these the same buildings? Why are why not? 4. What do you think caused the damage in the second picture? How have European actions changed the natural environment of Europe? Background Essay 1: Chernobyl 
Source: Marsh, C. (2012). Student Workbook. (pp. 106-107). Peachtree City, GA: Gallopade International. In April 1986, a nuclear reactor exploded at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine, causing the worst nuclear disaster in history. At the time, Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union, which dissolved in 1991. Toxic radioactive material shoe into the air and drifted over western parts of the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and Scandinavia. Fallout (radioactive particles falling to the ground) contaminated about 100,000 acres, including the animals, crops, and forests on the land. About 135,000 people were evacuated and resettled in other areas. About 30 people died in the blast, and thousands more who cleaned up the site died later from radiation poisoning. The main environmental effects of the disaster have been contaminated farmland, surface water, and ground water. Today, the area around the Chernobyl nuclear plant is considered one of the most polluted places on Earth. Although the reactor was buried in a concrete casing designed to absorb radiation, experts fear leakage into the nearby ground water, and are working to re-contain the site. No one knows exactly how many illnesses and caners have been caused by this disaster, but about 4,000 children in the fallout zone have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer in recent years. Ukraine and Belarus have spent huge amounts of money on cleanup efforts. How have European actions changed the natural environment of Europe? Background Essay 2: Chernobyl Source: Mullins, E. (2009). CRCT test prep. (p. 116). Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press. In 1986, in Ukraine, a country famous for its fertile plains and agriculture, the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station experienced a disaster. This disaster exposed one-tenth of the Ukraine’s 233,090 square miles and approximately one million of its people to unsafe levels of radiation. One of the nuclear reactors at the Chernobyl plant exploded. Tons of radioactive material surrounded the plant, poisoning the land and the water. Even more radioactive material entered the air, falling on northern Europe and Scandinavia. Drinking water was unsafe for months after the accident, and fish in the rivers of the Ukraine and neighboring countries were not safe to eat for years. Nearby pine forests tuned brown and died. Many animals died or suffered thyroid damage. A thirty-mile area around the power station was abandoned by humans and became known as the “exclusion zone.” The faulty reactor was quickly buried in concrete, but this structure requires major work and the radioactive material is still not safe. It is difficult to determine the effects on human life. In the first months after the disaster, twenty-eight emergency workers died from acute radiation syndrome. Since the accident, doctors have noticed an increase in cases of cancer in people living in contaminated areas. Because of Chernobyl, the Ukrainian government decided to become a nuclear-free country. However, due to a lack of power plants in the country and disagreements with Russia over how to get rid of nuclear waste, the three other reactors at Chernobyl continued to operate. The last reactor was finally shut down in 2000. In the 1980s, many countries were using nuclear power. Nuclear power plants were producing cheaper energy without filling the air with pollution and without using up Earth’s supply of fossil fuels. After Chernobyl, concerns about nuclear safety spread around the world. A mistake in one country could have devastating results in another country. Different countries also had different regulations about nuclear power. The reactors at Chernobyl were not housed in the same type of buildings required in other countries. Reactors were not always used for their intended purpose. The Chernobyl reactor was built for weapons material production, not for generating electricity. While regulations did not seem to cross borders, radiation did. The debate continues. Is the cost savings of nuclear-generated electricity worth the risk of human life? How should nuclear waste be disposed of safely? How should it be regulated? Which is the bigger risk to the environment, nuclear energy or fossil fuel?
Chernobyl Background Essay Questions Using the Background Essay, answer the following “W” questions:
Document I - Chernobyl Click and watch the video, Meltdown In Chernobyl
Document J - Chernobyl Source: Health 'Chernobyl cancer might have been prevented' . (1999, July 01). BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/382979.stm 
Document J – Chernobyl Analysis: 1. What parts of Europe experienced the most radioactive fallout? 2. Why was the damage not just contained to the Ukraine? Document K - Chernobyl Source: Rosenthal, E. (2005, September 7). Experts find reduced effects of chernobyl. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20050907wednesday.html ROME, Sept. 5 - Nearly 20 years after the huge accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine, a new scientific report has found that its aftereffects on health and the environment have not proved as dire as scientists had predicted. The report was prepared by a panel of more than 100 experts convened by United Nations agencies. It says huge compensation programs for people in the Chernobyl region have become "a major barrier to the region's recovery," both by creating a culture of dependency and by soaking up a high percentage of the region's resources. It recommends that the compensation programs be cut back. The report, "Chernobyl's Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts," says 4,000 deaths will probably be attributable to the accident ultimately - compared with the tens of thousands predicted at the time of the accident. Only 50 deaths - all among the reactor staff and emergency workers - can be directly attributed to acute radiation exposure after Chernobyl's Reactor No. 4 exploded in April 1986, the panel found. The rest will be from cancer at a higher rate than would otherwise be expected in people exposed to radiation near Chernobyl in the wake of the accident. But for millions of people who were subjected to low levels of radioactive particles spread by the wind, health effects have proved generally minimal, the report found. The powerful explosion that rocked Chernobyl sent chunks of the reactor core into the surrounding fields and clouds of radioactive particles into the air. The fire burned for 10 days and released radioactive particles that were carried by the wind to large rural swaths of what was then the Soviet Union. The particles settled in human bodies and homes and contaminated fields, forests and livestock. The report acknowledged that there was a core of people, probably 100,000 to 200,000, who continued to be severely affected by the disaster. But seven million people in what are now Russia, Ukraine and Belarus still receive some kind of Chernobyl benefits, from monthly stipends to university entrance preference to therapeutic annual vacations. In Ukraine, the number of people designated as permanently disabled by the Chernobyl accident (and their children) increased from 200 in 1991 to 64,500 in 1997 and 91,219 in 2001 - even though the effects of radiation decline over time, the report noted. Both Ukraine and Belarus still spend about 5 percent of their annual budgets on Chernobyl victims. The panel found that contrary to previous forecasts, there had been no observed rise in the incidence of leukemia, a blood cancer widely associated with radiation exposure - except for a small increase among workers who were in the contaminated plant. Nor has there been the expected detectable decrease in fertility or increase in birth defects. Indeed, the report concludes that "the largest public health problem unleashed by the accident" is "the mental health impact." Residents of the region, who view themselves as victims of a tragedy they poorly understand, are still haunted by anxiety that has prevented many from restarting their lives. In the immediate aftermath of the disaster, the Soviet Union declared an 18-mile "exclusion zone" around the reactor, which still exists, and resettled hundreds of thousands of people. Agriculture was forbidden in contaminated areas, as was the collection of forest products like berries and mushrooms. A host of compensation schemes were established. […] The only concrete health impact in the region has been thyroid cancer in people who were young at the time of the accident and drank contaminated milk from cows that ate grass contaminated with radioactive iodine dispersed during by the accident. Radioactive iodine, which is short-lived, concentrates in the thyroid gland. Because the disease is generally treatable, only 9 of the 2,000 who have come down with the disease have died. Other than the thyroid cancer cases, other cancers and adverse health effects, when they occur, may be particularly difficult to link to the Chernobyl accident, because life expectancy dropped dramatically in the region after the fall of the Soviet Union. "The effect may be difficult to detect against the background noise," Dr. Mettler said. "Early on, there were all sorts of claims being made because people didn't have much accurate information," said Dr. Mettler, a University of New Mexico expert on the effects of radiation exposure. "Now, at last, we have the eight U.N. agencies and the three governments involved coming to a consensus about the effects and what needs to be done." Although five million people live in areas still classified as contaminated by Chernobyl, a vast majority are exposed to very low doses of radiation, the study found, with levels no higher than in large areas of China, Brazil or Britain, where naturally occurring background radiation in soil is relatively high. "People were evacuated from areas that now have dose levels lower than where I live in New Mexico," Dr. Mettler said. Although there is still a strong stigma against growing or eating agricultural products from anywhere in the area, concentrations of radioactivity "in agricultural food products produced in areas affected by the Chernobyl fallout are generally below national and international action levels," the report found. Those who continue to be affected by the accident include poor rural dwellers who live in the few severely contaminated areas, those with thyroid cancer and those who were resettled after the disaster but who had never found a new life or employment in their new communities. "A small but important minority, those caught in the downward spiral, need substantial material assistance to rebuild their lives," the report said. But for the millions of others designated as victims, it said, the priority should be to encourage self-reliance, providing them with realistic information about the minimal risks they face. Noting that the collapse of the Soviet Union - and the end of Soviet-era benefit programs - worsened the poverty of the region, the researchers said its people should now be provided with incentives to develop small businesses, for example. "The extensive system of Chernobyl-related benefits has created expectations of long-term direct financial support and entitlement to privileges, and has undermined the capacity of the individuals and communities concerned to tackle their own economic and social problems," the report concluded Document K – Chernobyl Analysis: 1. Where is Chernobyl and what happened there nearly 20 years ago? 2. Approximately how many deaths, according to the report, were probably directly related to the Chernobyl disaster? 3. According to the report, how many people continue to be severely affected by the disaster?
5. What is the “exclusion zone”? Document L – Chernobyl Source: Carlos, L. (Photographer). (1999, July 01). Ghosts of Prypiat [Print Photo]. Retrieved from http://timmsuess.com/2009/07/ghosts-of-prypiat-by-carlos-latuff/ 
Document L – Chernobyl Analysis:
Understanding the Question Now that you have analyzed the documents, it is time to start organizing for your essay!
Bucketing- Getting Ready to Write! Bucketing Look over all the documents and organize them into categories (buckets). A three-bucket format is suggested, but other formats are possible. Write labels for your “categories” under each bucket and place the letters of the documents in the buckets where they belong. It is okay to put a document in more than one bucket. Remember, your buckets are going to become your body paragraphs. Thesis Development and Roadmap On the chicken-foot below, write your thesis and your roadmap. Your thesis is always an opinion and answers the essay question. The roadmap is created from your bucket labels ad lists the topic areas you will examine in order to prove your thesis. Essay Outline Guide Introduction Paragraph Grabber
Background Stating the question with key terms defined Thesis
Baby Thesis for bucket one Evidence: Supporting details from documents with document citation Argument: connecting evidence to the thesis 2nd Body Paragraph Baby Thesis for bucket two Evidence: Argument: 3rd Body Paragraph Baby Thesis for bucket two Evidence: Argument: Conclusion Conclusion: Restatement of main idea along with possible insight. Directory: uploads uploads -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 uploads -> Department of science and humanities department of mathematics part-a questions and answers uploads -> The Case Against the nypd’s Quota-Driven ‘Broken Windows’ Policing What Is It? uploads -> For want of a nail uploads -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models uploads -> Police Militarization uploads -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 uploads -> Township of winfield uploads -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 uploads -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten-Point Program What We Want Now! Download 98.35 Kb. Share with your friends:
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