Part Accipitriformes to Charadriiformes
a. Myiarchus tuberculifer
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134a. Myiarchus tuberculifer forms a superspecies with Jamaican M. barbirostris (AOU 1998); they were formerly considered conspecific (REF), but see Lanyon (1978) for a return to the classification of Ridgway (1907) and Cory & Hellmayr (1927). Lanyon (1978) also showed that lowland tuberculifer group intergrades with montane atriceps group in the southern Andes; they had been considered separate species by (REF). Genetic data (Joseph & Wilke 2004, Joseph et al. 2004) indicate that M. tuberculifer is a paraphyletic taxon (with respect to M. barbirostris and M. swainsoni), and also that Andean M. t. atriceps is not a monophyletic taxon, with a northern population more closely related to a Central American group of populations (of the taxa sampled, nigricapillus is the oldest name) than to southern M. t. atriceps and M. t. tuberculifer. The species name lawrenceii was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) used for M. tuberculifer. 135. Formerly (e.g., AOU 1957, REFS) known as "Olivaceous Flycatcher." 136. The pelzelni and phaeonotus subspecies groups were formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907, Cory & Hellmayr 1927) each treated as separate species from Myiarchus swainsoni (and also by Haverschmidt & Mees 1994); Zimmer (1938) provided rationale for treating them all as conspecific. [species limits problems - L. Joseph et al. 2003 paper] Genetic data (Joseph et al. 2004) indicate that M. swainsoni is paraphyletic with respect to M. tuberculifer, with all the subspecies except nominate swainsoni more closely related to M. tuberculifer than to M. s. swainsoni, the M. ferox group (see Note #), or M. cephalotes. Proposal needed. 137. Genetic data (Joseph et al. 2004) provide strong support for considering M. ferox, M. phaeocephalus, M. panamensis, and M. venezuelensis to form a monophyletic group (M. apicalis not sampled). Myiarchus venezuelensis was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Zimmer 1938, Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered a subspecies of M. ferox, but Lanyon (REF) treated it as a separate species based on sympatry and vocal differences; genetic data (Joseph et al. 2004) suggest that venezuelensis may be nested with M. ferox, but the identification of the venezuelensis blood sample cannot be confirmed. 138. Myiarchus panamensis was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Zimmer 1938, Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered a subspecies of M. ferox, but Lanyon (1978) treated it as a separate species based on vocal differences; they have been considered to form a superspecies (AOU 1983, 1998, Sibley & Monroe 1990), but genetic data (Joseph et al. 2004) cannot yet confirm a sister relationship. 138a. Myiarchus phaeocephalus and M. cephalotes were treated as forming a superspecies by Sibley & Monroe (1990), but genetic data cannot confirm a sister relationship between the two; additionally, M. phaeocephalus itself may be paraphyletic (Joseph et al. 2004). 138b. "Myiarchus toddi," known only from the type specimen from northern Peru and treated as a valid species by Cory & Hellmayr (1927), is now considered an aberrant M. phaeocephalus (Meyer de Schauensee 1966, Traylor 1979c, Sibley & Monroe 1990). See Hybrids and Dubious Taxa. 139. Occasionally (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970) called "Great-crested Flycatcher," but the correct orthography is "Great Crested Flycatcher." 140. Myiarchus tyrannulus is considered to form a superspecies with M. nugator of the Lesser Antilles (AOU 1983, 1998, Sibley & Monroe 1990). Genetic data (Joseph et al. 2004) indicate that nugator is nested within M. tyrannulus, and that nugator might be more closely related to M. tyrannulus of nearby Venezuela and Trinidad than either is to other M. tyrannulus. 140a. The subspecies brevipennis of the Netherlands Antilles was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) treated as a separate species from M. tyrannulus; it was treated as conspecific with M. tyrannulus and all subsequent authors. 140aa. Formerly (e.g., AOU 1957, REFS) known as "Wied's Crested Flycatcher." 140b. Myiarchus magnirostris was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907, Cory & Hellmayr 1927) treated in a separate monotypic genus, Eribates, but <> Traylor 141. See Lanyon (1985) for proposed close relationship of Ramphotrigon to Myiarchus. Ramphotrigon was included in the Cotingidae by Ridgway (1907). 142. Ramphotrigon is neuter, so the correct spelling of the species name is megacephalum; fuscicauda and ruficauda, however, are invariable (David & Gosselin 2002b). 142a. Called "Bamboo Flatbill" in Hilty (2003). 142b. Ramphotrigon megacephalum was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944) placed in Tolmomyias, but Zimmer (1939a) transferred it to Ramphotrigon, where placed by all subsequent authors. 143. Attila phoenicurus was formerly (e.g., Pinto 1944, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) treated in the monotypic genus Pseudattila, but Traylor (1977, 1979c) merged it into Attila, and this treatment has been followed in most subsequent classifications, returning to the earlier treatment by Hellmayr (1929); Zimmer (1936e) described monotypic Pseudattila to highlight its differences from other Attila in form of the tarsus, wing formula, bill size, and tarsus length. 143a. The genus Attila was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907, Hellmayr 1929, Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Meyer de Schauensee 1966) placed in the Cotingidae, but subsequent to the anatomical analyses of Warter (1965) and Ames (1971), it was placed in the Tyrannidae, near Myiarchus. See also Snow (1973) for reasons for removal from the Cotingidae. (REFS). 143b. Attila torridus was formerly (e.g., Hellmayr 1929) considered conspecific with A. cinnamomeus, but see Zimmer (1936e) for rationale for treatment as a separate species. 144. Called "White-eyed Attila" in Ridgely & Tudor (1994) and Ridgely & Greenfield (1994). Proposal needed? 145. Some of the color morphs of Attila spadiceus were formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) considered as separate species, e.g. “A. viridescens” and “A. wightii.” The Middle American flammulatus subspecies group was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) treated as a separate species from A. spadiceus; Ridgway (1907) also treated the subspecies parvirostris of northeastern Colombia, as well as its rufous phase “A. rufipectus,” as separate species. Hellmayr (1929) considered all of these conspecific with A. spadiceus, and this has been followed in all subsequent classifications. Leger and Mountjoy (2003) found major vocal differences between South American and Middle American populations of Attila spadiceus, strongly suggesting that at least two species are involved, but did not adequately sample populations from west of Andes in South America; these are vocally similar to the Middle American flammulatus group (P. Coopmans, pers. comm.). Proposal needed? OXYRUNCIDAE (SHARPBILL) 1 Oxyruncus cristatus Sharpbill 1. The relationships of Oxyruncus have been controversial unresolved. It was previously included in the Cotingidae in this classification, as in Snow (2004a), based on Sibley et al. (1984), Sibley & Ahlquist (1985, 1990), and Prum et al. (2000). Oxyruncus had been formerly placed in a monotypic family Oxyruncidae (e.g., Hellmayr 1929, Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Wetmore 1960, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Ames 1971, AOU 1983, 1998) or in the Tyrannidae (Mayr & Amadon 1951). Lanyon (1985) found no relationship between Oxyruncus and traditional members of the Cotingidae, but rather a relationship between Oxyruncus and the Tyrannidae or Tityridae. Prum (1990a) found some morphological evidence for a relationship to Pachyramphus but concluded that Oxyruncus was not a member of the "Schiffornis group" that includes Pachyramphus (Prum & Lanyon 1989). Recent genetic data (Johansson et al. 2002, Chesser 2004) found no strong support for any of these relationships, and Ohlson et al. (2007) found strong evidence against inclusion of Oxyruncus in the Cotingidae. Thus the traditional ranking of Oxyruncus as a monotypic family was the best portrayal of our understanding of its relationships at that time. SACC proposal passed to resurrect Oxyruncidae. Tello et al. (2009) have confirmed the distinctiveness of Oxyruncus relative to the traditional family groupings but found that the tyrannid genera Onychorhynchus, Myiobius, and Terenotriccus grouped with Oxyruncus, and proposed that these genera be moved to Oxyruncidae. SACC proposal needed. COTINGIDAE (COTINGAS) 1 Carpornis cucullata Hooded Berryeater 19, 19a Carpornis melanocephala Black-headed Berryeater 19, 19a Pipreola riefferii Green-and-black Fruiteater 19b, 19c, 19d Pipreola intermedia Band-tailed Fruiteater 19c Pipreola arcuata Barred Fruiteater Pipreola aureopectus Golden-breasted Fruiteater 20 Pipreola jucunda Orange-breasted Fruiteater 20 Pipreola lubomirskii Black-chested Fruiteater 20 Pipreola pulchra Masked Fruiteater 20 Pipreola frontalis Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater 20b, 20c Pipreola chlorolepidota Fiery-throated Fruiteater 20c, 20d Pipreola formosa Handsome Fruiteater Pipreola whitelyi Red-banded Fruiteater Ampelioides tschudii Scaled Fruiteater 21 Zaratornis stresemanni White-cheeked Cotinga 13, 17 Phytotoma raimondii Peruvian Plantcutter 17, 18 Phytotoma rutila White-tipped Plantcutter 18 Phytotoma rara Rufous-tailed Plantcutter 18 Doliornis remseni Chestnut-bellied Cotinga 14, 15, 16, 17 Doliornis sclateri Bay-vented Cotinga 16 Ampelion rubrocristatus Red-crested Cotinga 12, 12a, 17 Ampelion rufaxilla Chestnut-crested Cotinga 12 Phoenicircus carnifex Guianan Red-Cotinga 24 Phoenicircus nigricollis Black-necked Red-Cotinga 24 Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock 22, 22a, 23 Rupicola peruvianus Andean Cock-of-the-rock 22, 22a, 23 Snowornis subalaris Gray-tailed Piha 32 Snowornis cryptolophus Olivaceous Piha 32 Haematoderus militaris Crimson Fruitcrow 35 Querula purpurata Purple-throated Fruitcrow Pyroderus scutatus Red-ruffed Fruitcrow 35 Cephalopterus ornatus Amazonian Umbrellabird 34, 35 Cephalopterus penduliger Long-wattled Umbrellabird 34 Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird 35 Cotinga nattererii Blue Cotinga 25, 25a Cotinga maynana Plum-throated Cotinga 25 Cotinga cotinga Purple-breasted Cotinga 25 Cotinga maculata Banded Cotinga 25, 25b Cotinga cayana Spangled Cotinga Lipaugus weberi Chestnut-capped Piha 28, 29, 29a Lipaugus fuscocinereus Dusky Piha 30 Lipaugus uropygialis Scimitar-winged Piha 30, 31 Lipaugus unirufus Rufous Piha 31a Lipaugus vociferans Screaming Piha 31a, 31b Lipaugus lanioides Cinnamon-vented Piha Lipaugus streptophorus Rose-collared Piha Tijuca atra Black-and-gold Cotinga 28 Tijuca condita Gray-winged Cotinga 28a Procnias albus White Bellbird 26, 27, 27a Procnias averano Bearded Bellbird 26 Procnias nudicollis Bare-throated Bellbird 26 Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema Purple-throated Cotinga 27a Carpodectes hopkei Black-tipped Cotinga 32a, 33a, 33b Xipholena punicea Pompadour Cotinga 33 Xipholena lamellipennis White-tailed Cotinga 33 Xipholena atropurpurea White-winged Cotinga 33 Gymnoderus foetidus Bare-necked Fruitcrow 32a Conioptilon mcilhennyi Black-faced Cotinga 32a 1. For sequence of genera in this family and their sequence, see Prum & Lanyon (1989), Prum (1990a, 2001), and Prum et al. (2000). Recent genetic data (Ohlson et al. 2007) suggest that this linear sequence does not correctly reflect phylogeny; see details in Notes below. These new data indicate that the Cotingidae consists of four major groups, the relations among which are unresolved: (1) Pipreola + Ampelioides; (2) Zaratornis, Phytotoma, Ampelion, and Doliornis; (3) Rupicola + Phoenicircus; and (4) the rest of the genera. SACC proposal passed to change linear sequence. Tello et al. (2009) confirmed that these genera formed a monophyletic group and the monophyly of the four groups above except that Snowornis clustered with group 3. Ohlson et al. (2013) proposed recognizing three subfamilies, Pipreolinae for lineage 1, Phytotominae for lineage 2, and Cotinginae for lineages 3 and 4. SACC proposal needed. 12. Ampelion rubrocristatus and A. rufaxilla were formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907, Hellmayr 1929, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) treated in the genus Heliochera, but see . 12a. Ampelion is masculine, so the correct spelling of the species name is rubrocristatus; rufaxilla, however, is invariable (David & Gosselin 2002b). 13. Some authors (e.g., Snow 1973, 1979b, Fjeldså & Krabbe 1990) have merged Zaratornis into Ampelion; for continued separation of Zaratornis from Ampelion, see Lanyon & Lanyon (1989), Robbins et al. (1994), Snow (2004a), and Ohlson et al. (2007). 14. Some authors (e.g., Snow 1973, 1979b, Fjeldså & Krabbe 1990) have merged Doliornis into Ampelion; for continued separation of Doliornis from Ampelion, see Lanyon & Lanyon (1989) and Robbins et al. (1994). Genetic data (Ohlson et al. 2007) support a sister relationship between the two genera. 15. Recently described: Robbins et al. (1994). 16. Doliornis remseni and D. sclateri form a superspecies (Robbins et al. 1994). 17. The genus Phytotoma was formerly (e.g., Hellmayr 1929, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in its own family, Phytotomidae, but it is more closely related to Ampelion than the latter is to most other cotingas (Lanyon & Lanyon 1989, Prum REF). Genetic data strongly support its inclusion within the traditional Cotingidae (Lanyon 1985, Sibley & Ahlquist 1990, Prum et al. 2000, Johansson et al. 2002, Chesser 2004, Ohlson et al. 2007, Tello et al. 2009). Genetic data (Ohlson et al. 2007, Tello et al. 2009) strongly support a monophyletic group that consists of Zaratornis, Phytotoma, Ampelion, and Doliornis. <Parker ref> 18. Sibley & Monroe (1990) considered Phytotoma raimondii and P. rutila to form a superspecies, but did not include P. rara. 19. Carpornis was included in Ampelion by Hellmayr (1929) and Pinto (1944). <trace nomenclature>. Tello et al. (2009) found that Carpornis represented a very distinct lineage, likely the sister to the common ancestor of groups 2 and 3 (see Note 1). 19a. Carpornis is feminine, so the correct spellings of the species names are cucullata and melanocephala (David & Gosselin 2002b). 19b. The isolated subspecies tallmanorum may deserve recognition as a separate species from Pipreola riefferii (O'Neill & Parker 1981, Sibley & Monroe 1990, Snow 2004a). 19c. Sibley & Monroe (1990) considered Pipreola riefferii and P. intermedia to form a superspecies despite some geographic overlap in Peru; they are presumably sister taxa (Snow 2004a) and were formerly (e.g., REF) considered conspecific. 19d. See Zimmer (1930) for the use of Pipreola rather than Euchlornis, as in Ridgway (1907) and Hellmayr (1929). 20. Pipreola aureopectus, P. jucunda, P. lubomirskii, and P. pulchra were considered conspecific by Snow (1973, 1979b), but most authors, including Snow (1982 20b. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) suggested that the subspecies squamipectus of Ecuador might deserve recognition as a separate species from P. frontalis. 20c. Snow (1982, 2004a) considered P. frontalis and P. chlorolepidota to be sister species. 20d. Pipreola chlorolepidota was formerly (e.g., Hellmayr 1929) known as Euchlornis sclateri, but see Zimmer (1930). 21. Genetic data (Ohlson et al. 2007) indicate that Ampelioides and Pipreola are sister genera. 21a. The name Stictornis was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) used for Ampelioides. 22. The two species of Rupicola were formerly (e.g., Hellmayr 1929, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in their own family, Rupicolidae, but see (Snow 1973, 1979c) for inclusion within Cotingidae, as in Pinto (1944), Phelps & Phelps (1950a), and REFS; this has been confirmed in all subsequent genetic analyses.. 22a. Rupicola rupicola and R. peruviana form a superspecies (Snow 1979b, Haffer 1987). 23. Rupicola is masculine, so the correct spelling of the species name is peruvianus; rupicola, however, is invariable (David & Gosselin 2002b). 23a. Genetic data (Ohlson et al. 2007, Tello et al. 2009) indicate that Phoenicircus and Rupicola are sister genera, as suggested by Hellmayr (1929) 24. Phoenicircus nigricollis and P. carnifex form a superspecies (Haffer 1974, Snow 1979b, 2004a, Sibley & Monroe 1990). 25. Cotinga nattererii, C. maynana, C. cotinga, and C. maculata, along with Middle American C. amabilis and C. ridgwayi, form a superspecies (Haffer 1974, AOU 1983, Sibley & Monroe 1990); Snow (1979b) only included C. amabilis, C. ridgwayi, and C. nattererii in the superspecies, with C. cotinga and C. maculata forming a separate superspecies, but he suggested that the other three might be included. Meyer de Schauensee (1966) suggested that Cotinga nattererii, C. amabilis, and C. ridgwayi might be considered conspecific, and that C. maculata and C. cotinga might be considered conspecific. 25a. Formerly (e.g., Wetmore 1972) known as "Natterer's Cotinga." 25b. The species name cincta was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) used for C. maculata. Directory: ~Remsen ~Remsen -> Larus belcheri from "Band-tailed Gull" to "Belcher's Gull" ~Remsen -> Larus belcheri from "Band-tailed Gull" to "Belcher's Gull" Download 0.57 Mb. Share with your friends:
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