Radiocommunication Study Groups Received: 27 February 2010

2 Resolution 222 (Rev.WRC-07), “invites ITU-R” clause

“The World Radiocommunication Conference (Geneva, 2007),

[…]

invites ITU-R

to conduct, in time for consideration by WRC-11, the appropriate technical, operational and regulatory studies to ensure long-term spectrum availability for the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service (AMS(R)S) including:

i) to study, as a matter of urgency, the existing and future spectrum requirements of the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service;

ii) to assess whether the long-term requirements of the AMS(R)S can be met within the existing allocations with respect to No. 5.357A while retaining unchanged the generic allocation for the mobile-satellite service in the bands 1 525-1 559 MHz and

iii) to complete studies to determine the feasibility and practicality of technical or regulatory means, other than the coordination process referred to in resolves 1 or the means considered in Report ITU-R M.2073, in order to ensure adequate access to spectrum to accommodate the AMS(R)S requirements as referenced in resolves 3 above, while taking into account the latest technical advances in order to maximize spectral efficiency;

iv) if the assessment identified in invites ITU-R i) and ii) indicates that these requirements cannot be met, to study existing MSS allocations or possible, new allocations only for satisfying the requirements of the aeronautical mobile satellite (R) service for communications with priority categories 1 to 6 of Article 44, for global and seamless operation of civil aviation taking into account the need to avoid undue constraints on existing systems and other services,”.

3 Invites ITU-R i): “to study, as a matter of urgency, the existing and future spectrum requirements of the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service;”

3.1 Background

Annex 15 to Document 4C/245 Chairman’s Report of previous meeting

Document 4C/215 (Egypt)

Document 4C/239 (United Arab Emirates)

Document 4C/279 (Brazil)

Document 4C/318 (Japan)

Document 4C/326 (UK)

Document 4C/333 (ESA)

Document 4C/334 (Germany/ESA)

3.1.3 The aim of this contribution is to analyse and provide final worst case results of each of the above studies in year 2025.

3.2 Regional requirements

3.2.1 ESA study (Document 4C/334, Europe)

Forward link (space-to-Earth; 1.5 GHz band): 3.3 MHz

Return link (Earth-to-space; 1.6 GHz band): 1.3 MHz

3.2.2 Brazil study (Document 4C/279, Brazil)

Forward link (space-to-Earth; 1.5 GHz band): 0.648 MHz

Return link (Earth-to-space; 1.6 GHz band): 0.715 MHz

3.2.3 Japan study (Document 4C/318, Asia-Pacific)

Case of global beam 0.744 MHz

Case of beam cluster 0.809 MHz

3.2.4 UK Study (Document 4C/326, Europe)

Forward link (space-to-Earth; 1.5 GHz band): 2.7 MHz

Return link (Earth-to-space; 1.6 GHz band): 0.235 MHz

3.2.5 Egypt study (Document 4C/215, Middle-East and Africa)

Forward link (space-to-Earth; 1.5 GHz band): 1.730 MHz

Return link (Earth-to-space; 1.6 GHz band): 3.118 MHz

3.2.6 Summary of long-term regional spectrum requirements

Table 1

3.3 Global requirements

3.3.1 ESA study (Document 4C/333)

3.3.1.1 This study is similar to the one made in Document 4C/334, i.e. COCR V2 communication services, traffic growth similar to European growth and satellite system characteristics. However, this study assumes coverage of a very large region (not just Europe). Such region may comprise Europe, North and Mid Atlantic, South America and South Atlantic, Africa, Middle-East/Near Asia and Russia/Near Asia.

3.3.1.2 Furthermore, the study assumed that the region is covered by different hypothetical satellite systems with various beam and cluster sizes. The study is based on hypothetical worst case assumptions. However, it assumes that all the satellite systems will be interoperable and having the same type of satellite communication characteristics (i.e. the communication protocol).

3.3.1.3 As it is stated above, the present document will consider only the worst case assumption, i.e. unicast type of communications.

3.3.1.4 The results of the study based on 18 regional spot beams are:

Forward link (space-to-Earth; 1.5 GHz band): 4.2 MHz

Return link (Earth-to-space; 1.6 GHz band): 1.6 MHz

3.3.2 Japan study (Document 4C/318)

3.3.2.1 Following from the reported analysis in section 3 of 2.1.1 above, Document 4C/318 (Japan) makes heuristic assumptions on how many satellite systems can cover the globe airspace.

3.3.2.2 The results are given in Document 4C/318 and they assume 3 satellite networks for which the total spectrum requirements are:

Case of global beam 2.231 MHz

Case of beam cluster 2.428 MHz

3.3.3 UK study (Document 4C/326)

3.3.3.1 The UK study was based on Inmarsat-4 and over the European region. Its underlying assumption is that as Europe is an airspace with very highly dense air traffic, and as the Inm-4 system is a global network of many satellites and with the same type of spot beams, then it is expected that the European spectrum requirements will also drive the global spectrum requirements.

3.3.3.2 Hence, if we assume that the global requirements are the same as the European requirements, then the results are:

Forward link (space-to-Earth; 1.5 GHz band): 2.7 MHz

Return link (Earth-to-space; 1.6 GHz band): 0.235 MHz

3.3.4 UAE study (Document 4C/239)

3.3.4.1 The document from UAE is based on a study conducted in 1999 using values and assumptions available in that period.

3.3.4.2 The calculation of spectrum is based on a global oceanic only coverage by a single global satellite system (e.g. Inmarsat 4), which makes certain carrier loading and efficiency assumption on the satellite beam. It also makes certain assumptions on the number of aircraft manoeuvres and aircraft position reporting for the calculation of the amount of data transfer for each communication (voice and data).

3.3.4.3 The methodology for this estimation is provided in Document 4C/239. The only comment offered is that such study should consider recent aviation requirements as detailed on COCR V2.

3.3.4.4 The document concludes that for the global oceanic coverage then spectrum requirements are:

Voice: 0.80 MHz

Data: 0.28 MHz

Total: 1.08 MHz

3.3.4.5 The UAE document has made these calculations for the air-to-ground case, i.e. return link (1.6 GHz band) and has stated that the forward link may be more efficient. Taking into account that no calculation is provided for the forward link it is assumed, as a worst case, that they will be the same as the return link, i.e:

Forward link (space-to-Earth; 1.5 GHz band): 1.08 MHz

Return link (Earth-to-space; 1.6 GHz band): 1.08 MHz

3.3.4 Summary of long-term global spectrum requirements

The following Table 2 provides the summary of the global worst case spectrum requirements results.

Table 2

Results of worst case long-term global AMS(R)S spectrum requirements

	Coverage	Forward link (MHz)	Return link (MHz)
ESA – Doc. 4C/334	Global	4.2	1.6
Japan – Doc. 4C/318	Global	2.428	2.428
UK – Doc. 4C/326	Global	2.7	0.235
UAE – Doc. 4C/239	Oceanic only	1.08	1.08
Maximum value		4.2	2.428

3.4 Conclusion on long-term global spectrum requirements

3.4.1 According to the WP 4C work plan, spectrum estimations are to be finalized at the March 2010 WP 4C meeting . In support of the meeting, the analysis conducted in this section has determined that the worst case results of the current studies for global level/year 2025 are those summarized in Table 2 above, namely:

Forward link (space-to-Earth; 1.5 GHz band): 4.2 MHz

Return link (Earth-to-space; 1.6 GHz band): 2.4 MHz

3.5 Closure of “invites ITU-R i)”

3.5.1 The studies called for by “invites ITU-R i)” have been performed and concluded. Hence, “invites ITU-R i)” can be deleted.

4 Invites ITU-R ii): “to assess whether the long-term requirements of the AMS(R)S can be met within the existing allocations with respect to No. 5.357A while retaining unchanged the generic allocation for the mobile-satellite service in the bands 1 525-1 559 MHz and 1 626.5-1 660.5 MHz, and without placing undue constraints on the existing systems operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations”

4.1 Background

4.1.1 The assessment called for in this clause consists of two main elements.

4.1.2 The first is an assessment of whether the long-term AMS(R)S requirements can be met within the existing RR No. 5.357A allocations, without changing the generic allocation.

4.1.3 The second is an assessment of whether any undue constraints would be placed on existing systems in order to accommodate AMS(R)S requirements.

4.1.4 The two elements of the assessment are addressed respectively in sections 4.2 and 4.3 below.

4.2 Long-term AMS(R)S requirements can be met in 2 x 10 MHz…

4.2.1 The results of the studies summarized in section 3 above show that the total worst case long term spectrum requirement is well below the 2 x 10 MHz (in particular 4.2 MHz in the forward link and 2.4 MHz in the return link).

4.2.2 This confirms that the long term requirements of the AMS(R)S can be met within the existing allocations with respect to RR No. 5.357A.

4.3 …without placing undue constraints on existing systems

4.3.1 The phrase “without placing undue constraints on existing systems” does not mean that existing systems will be free of all constraints. Reasonable constraints to an existing system may be caused and accepted, if necessary to meet the AMS(R)S requirements, consistent with the fact that RR No. 5.357A gives priority to accommodating spectrum requirements for the AMS(R)S in these bands.

4.3.2 Examples of such reasonable constraints are those reflected in the Resolution 222
(Rev.WRC-07). In fact, “further considering e)” of the Resolution explicitly accepts that the application of the Resolution may impact the provision of services by non-AMS(R)S systems. More specifically (resolves 3), MSS operators carrying non-safety-related traffic may have to yield capacity to accommodate AMS(R)S requirements. Such a provision in Resolution 222 (Rev.WRC-07) was originally developed to partially compensate for the loss of the exclusive AMS(R)S allocation deleted by WRC-97. It undoubtedly constitutes a constraint on existing MSS systems, but not an undue one; rather, it is due to the fact that RR No. 5.357A grants priority to the AMS(R)S over the MSS in these bands.

4.3.3 Finally, to put these regulatory considerations into perspective, two practical aspects should be taken into account: 1) even the worst case long-term spectrum requirements of the AMS(R)S are quite modest (as shown in section 3 of this document); and 2) the ongoing evolution of MSS system technology is likely to lead to significantly more spectrum-efficient systems being implemented well within the long-term time frame of the study. Thus, in practice, the constraints placed by AMS(R)S on existing systems are likely to turn out to be negligible in any case.

4.4 Closure of “invites ITU-R ii)”

4.4.1 The studies called for by “invites ITU-R ii)” have been performed and concluded. Hence, “invites ITU-R ii)” can be deleted.

5 Invites ITU-R iii): “to complete studies to determine the feasibility and practicality of technical or regulatory means, other than the coordination process referred to in resolves 1 or the means considered in Report ITU-R M.2073, in order to ensure adequate access to spectrum to accommodate the AMS(R)S requirements as referenced in resolves 3 above, while taking into account the latest technical advances in order to maximize spectral efficiency”

5.1 Background

5.1.1 The studies called for in this clause address any potential additional (other than those already in place) to ensure that AMS(R)S requirements are accommodated.

5.1.2 Two categories of means are mentioned: technical means and regulatory means.

5.1.3 The two categories are addressed respectively in sections 5.2 and 5.3 below.

5.2 Technical means

5.2.1 ICAO believes that ongoing improvements in the efficient use of spectrum of current MSS and AMS(R)S systems will greatly facilitate the sharing situation between these two types of networks and reduce the current congestions in the 1.5/1.6 GHz band.

5.3 Regulatory means

5.3.1 ICAO supports modifying Resolution 222 (Rev.WRC-07) to improve the regulatory aspects that ensures access to spectrum to AMS(R)S, as proposed in a separate ICAO contribution to WP 4C, based on the Method B described in Annex 14 to Document 4C/338.

5.4 Closure of “invites ITU-R iii)”

5.4.1 If the modifications of Resolution 222 (Rev.WRC-07) proposed by ICAO in a separate contribution are taken into account, it is ICAO’s view that “invites ITU-R iii)” has been fulfilled and can be deleted.

6 Invites ITU-R iv): “if the assessment identified in invites ITU-R i) and ii) indicates that these requirements cannot be met, to study existing MSS allocations or possible, new allocations only for satisfying the requirements of the aeronautical mobile satellite (R) service for communications with priority categories 1 to 6 of Article 44, for global and seamless operation of civil aviation taking into account the need to avoid undue constraints on existing systems and other services”

6.1 Taking into account that the assessment identified in “invites ITU-R i)” and “ii)” has been performed, and that the results of the assessment show that the long-term spectrum requirements of AMS(R)S can be met in the existing frequencies bands 1545-1555 MHz and 1646.5-1656.5 MHz, no studies are required to propose existing or new frequency allocations for AMS(R)S for communications with priority categories 1 to 6 of Article 44.

6.2 Closure of “invites ITU-R iv)”

6.2.1 In light of the considerations in 6.1 above, “invites ITU-R iv)” can be deleted.

7 Conclusions

7.1 Based on the analysis contained in sections 3-6 above, which reviewed the current ITU-R WP 4C studies called for in the “invites ITU-R” clause of Resolution 222 (Rev.WRC-07), the following conclusions are proposed:

i) “invites ITU-R i)”: Based on a review of several contributions providing the results of a wide range of studies of the long-term AMS(R)S spectrum requirements, both at the regional and the global level, and for a variety of AMS(R)S technologies, it is concluded that this study item has been fulfilled and can be deleted.

ii) “invites ITU-R ii)”: The results of the studies conducted under the previous study item show that the AMS(R)S long-term spectrum requirements can be met in the current 2 x 10 MHz band referenced in RR No. 5.357A without causing undue constraints to MSS. Therefore, the assessment called for by this clause can be considered completed and this item can be deleted.

iii) “invites ITU-R iii)”: With regard to the determination of technical means mentioned in this “invites”, ICAO believes that this aspect is addressed by ongoing improvements in the efficient use of spectrum by both MSS and AMS(R)S satellite systems. With regard to the regulatory means mentioned in the “invites”, ICAO supports Method B of the draft CPM text, by modification of Resolution 222 (Rev.WRC-07) (see separate ICAO contribution to WP 4C). Therefore, if the modifications of Resolution 222 (Rev.WRC-07) proposed by ICAO are taken into account, this study item can be deleted.

iv) “invites ITU-R iv)”: On the basis of the results of the studies conducted under “invites” i) and ii), it is concluded that this study item has been fulfilled insofar as no additional studies are required for new or existing allocations. Hence this item can be deleted.

2. 
   The conclusions above are reflected in the ICAO proposal for draft CPM text, where the entire “invites ITU-R” clause is deleted.
   

_______________

1http://www.icao.int/anb/panels/acp/repository/ACP.1.DP.001.1.AppA.en.pdf.

2This value needs to be confirmed by the Administration of Egypt at the next WP 4C meeting.

3This value needs to be confirmed by the Administration of Egypt at the next WP 4C meeting.

4This value does not consider the results from the Administration of Egypt (Document 4C/215) as these are still under study.

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