Resume
Michael John Dixon
dixon@ucar.edu
560 Yale Road, Boulder, Colorado, 80305-5808, USA
(303)-494-9020
Born South Africa, 19 November 1953
Citizenship: USA, Ireland (EU), South Africa
Professional experience summary
1990 - present:
Software engineering, hydro-meteorology, radar meteorology, signal processing, software project management, weather modification research. Research Applications Laboratory (RAL), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA.
1983-1984, 1986-1987, 1988-1989:
Consulting engineering: river management, hydrology, hydraulics. Drummond and Associates, Victoria, Australia.
1987-1988:
Software engineering, computing support and instrumentation support. Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
1982-1983, 1984-1986:
Scientific applications programming: hydrology, weather radar, weather modification. CloudQuest, South Africa.
1977 - 1978, 1980 - 1982:
Civil engineering: water resources, geotechnical engineering, construction. Various companies, South Africa.
Education
Ph.D., Hydro-meteorology (Civil Engineering), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 1994.
M.S., Hydrology (Civil Engineering), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, 1980.
M.Sc., Civil Engineering, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa, 1977.
B.Sc., Civil Engineering, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa, 1975.
Knowledge and skills
General
Software engineering: expert
Software engineering management: expert
Aviation industry: full working knowledge
Aviation weather: expert
Radar meteorology: expert
Meteorology: general knowledge
Numerical weather prediction: general knowledge
River management engineering: full working knowledge
Civil engineering hydraulics: full working knowledge
Field project design and support: full working knowledge
Field project instrumentation: full working knowledge
Hydrometeorology: Ph.D.
Hydrology: M.S., M.Sc.
Civil engineering: B.Sc.
Programming languages
C++: expert
Java: full working knowledge
LabView: full working knowledge
MatLab: general knowledge
FORTRAN: full working knowledge
UNIX shell (Bourne, bash, C): full working knowledge
Perl: full working knowledge
Python: general knowledge
Automated processing of weather data
Weather radar data processing: expert
Doppler radar signal processing: full working knowledge
Instrumentation: full working knowledge
Convective storm tracking: expert
Stratiform precipitation tracking: expert
Short-term convective forecasting: expert
Short-term snowfall forecasting: expert
Convective storm climatology: full working knowledge
Microburst detection: full working knowledge
Outflow boundary detection: full working knowledge
Turbulence detection: general knowledge
Flying experience
South Africa: Commercial. Multi-engine.
Australia. Private. Single-engine. Gliding.
USA: Private. Single-engine. Gliding.
Detailed Description of Professional Experience
Below I have included narrative details of my work experience, under the following headings:
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TITAN - Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis and Nowcasting
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Weather modification evaluation
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Software for Doppler radar signal processing
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Advanced Operation Aviation Weather System, Taiwan
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Weather Support to Deicing Decision-Making, FAA, USA
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Operational Wind-shear Warning System, Hong Kong
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Aviation Weather Products Generator, FAA, USA
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River management engineering
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Civil engineering consulting and construction
TITAN - Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis and Nowcasting:
1991 - present
TITAN is my invention. I started development of TITAN in FORTRAN when I was working on software for the objective analysis of weather modification efforts. When I joined NCAR, I re-wrote the software to work in real-time with data from a prototype NEXRAD radar. In the years since then I have refined the program and its related infrastructure, which is now in C++ and runs on LINUX-based computer systems.
TITAN is a computer program that identifies convective storms in volumetric radar data, computes storm properties, tracks storms through time and provides extrapolation-based forecasts. These forecasts are useful to about 45 minutes for small isolated thunderstorms, 1 hour for large storms and 2 hours for super-cell storms, mesoscale convective complexes and squall lines.
TITAN forms an integral part of the FAA-funded convective weather research program at NCAR, both at the local and national scales.
TITAN is part of a larger software system, most of which I developed, for ingesting weather radar data, performing analyses, producing forecasts and displaying the results. Many researchers, universities, weather services and other organizations make use of this software. I keep it up to date and provide fresh revisions as computer operating systems change.
I maintain a web site for TITAN and the related software. The software and documentation may be found at: www.ral.ucar.edu/projects/titan.
Weather modification evaluation: 1976 – 2006
I became involved in both aviation and weather modification shortly after completing my B.Sc. in Civil Engineering. While working for the South African Department of Water Affairs I was assigned to investigate possible changes in rainfall patterns resulting from weather modification efforts in the Lowveld of the Eastern Transvaal in South Africa. I spent two years working on the project, including one season as a co-pilot on seeding missions in a Learjet 24. I operated the radar, installed instrumentation and operated the weather observing systems.
I originally developed the TITAN software system for objective evaluation of convective cloud seeding. In addition to software for radar analysis, I also developed software for analyzing and displaying data from airborne instruments, such as 1-D and 2-D particle probes.
From 1996 to 1998, NCAR carried out a weather-modification research project in Mexico, designed to validate a similar project carried out earlier in South Africa. For the Mexican project, I upgraded TITAN extensively, particularly in regard to the seeding evaluation aspects. I participated in the field project design and helped to set up the radar and related hardware.
TITAN has become a principal tool for weather modification projects in many countries, including South Africa, Burkina Faso, the USA, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Greece, Spain, France, the UAE, Saudi Arabia and India. I maintain the system and provide upgrades and support to assist these projects in the use of the software.
Software for Doppler RADAR signal processing: 2003 – present
I implemented detailed algorithms in C++ for Doppler RADAR signal processing. For some of these algorithms I worked on both the software and the scientific aspects, while for others I implemented the work of other scientists. I am the principal software engineer on a team that includes 4 other scientists and engineers.
This work is aimed at development of software for advanced Doppler RADAR signal processing for the US National Weather Service (NWS) as part of the NEXRAD upgrade program.
When I joined the program, the focus of the work was range/velocity ambiguity unfolding using the SZ864 (Sachinanda/Zrnic 8/64 pulse coding) and dual–PRT techniques. The focus has since shifted to clutter mitigation techniques. I made significant scientific contributions to the development of the Clutter Mitigation Decision (CMD) system for NEXRAD. I also developed the code for testing the algorithm and prepared the algorithm description documents for the NWS.
The following signal-processing aspects are included in the work:
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Multi-trip echo recovery from phase-coded data using the SZ864 technique. I regard this as one of the most complicated and difficult algorithms I have implemented in my career.
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Normal-propagation and anomalous-propagation clutter identification using a fuzzy logic approach, for both single polarization and dual polarization radars.
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Clutter filtering using an adaptive Gaussian filter similar to the SIGMET GMAP filter.
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Moments estimation in the spectral domain.
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Dual polarization spectral processing.
Advanced Operation Aviation Weather System, Taiwan: 1998 – present
I have been the lead software engineer for the duration of the Advanced Operation Aviation Weather System (AOAWS) project, from initial negotiations with the client, through the delivery of the Phase 1 system, a maintenance phase and now into a second development phase. I lead a team of engineers that has varied in size from 5 to 10 depending on the phase of the project.
The AOAWS team was awarded the UCAR Scientific and Technology Advancement Award for 2002.
I have provided engineering management for the budgeting, planning and implementation aspects of all of the software components except for the mesoscale model. I designed and coded a large part of the system, including data server and data distribution aspects, algorithms and system monitoring software. I developed plans for the deployment of the system to the field and supervised field installation and testing.
The AOAWS is a relatively large aviation weather forecasting and flight planning system. It includes a mesoscale model running on a super-computer and acquisition of satellite data, lightning data, radar products and aviation-specific data such as surface reports (METARs) and forecasts (TAFs). The AOAWS products are distributed to remote interactive displays at meteorological stations, flight service stations, radar installations and air traffic control centers. In addition, product content is generated for dissemination via the web. More recently, a Java display application has been added.
Weather Support to Deicing Decision-Making, FAA, USA: 1996 - 2000
For 4 years I was the lead software engineer on the Weather Support to Deicing Decision-Making project (WSDDM). This was a relatively small project involving 3 to 4 engineers. I managed the software engineering team. I developed the real-time radar-precipitation calibration algorithm, the snow rate forecasting component and most of the data distribution infrastructure for the system. See www.ral.ucar.edu/projects/wsddm
The WSDDM system makes use of radar and high-resolution snow-gauge data to produce a 30-45 minute forecast of liquid-equivalent snow depth at an airport. The forecast is used by ground-deicing personnel and airline decision makers to determine the type of deicing fluid to apply and the hold-over time for which the fluid is considered effective. In addition, a regional-scale echo-motion forecast provides airline and airport personnel with enhanced situational awareness so that they can plan effectively for deterioration or improvement in the weather conditions at the airport.
Operational Wind-shear Warning System, Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong: 1994 - 1997
I managed the instrumentation, software and data system engineering aspects of the Lantau Experiment (LANTEX) field project in Hong Kong, which was the initial phase of the Operational Wind-shear Warning System project (OWWS). The purpose of LANTEX was to gather data for the subsequent scientific phase of the project. I spent over 4 months in the field. I organized the data network infrastructure, managed and participated in the installation of surface sensors and instrumentation, coordinated the aircraft data acquisition, trained support personnel at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and served as a liaison with the client. I spent 2 months on the planning phase at NCAR and 4 months in the field.
After the field project was complete, I continued work on the project as a software engineer. I coded the algorithm for producing wind-shear forecasts based on surface anemometer measurements.
The OWWS was a $15M wind-shear warning project for the new Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok airport. The installed system provides operational wind-shear and turbulence warnings to arriving and departing traffic at the airport. The system is still in use today.
Aviation Weather Products Generator (AWPG), FAA: 1994 - 1995
I worked on the AWPG project as a software engineer. My primary responsibilities were the interactive display and the data infrastructure. I was asked to join the project at a time at which it was in some trouble because of personnel changes. It was one of my responsibilities to help get the development back on track.
I was a member of the testing team for the AWPG at the Denver Flight Information Service station and the Longmont Air Route Traffic Control Center in N.E Colorado.
The AWPG was funded by the FAA with the goal of providing interactive tactical and flight-planning information to Flight Service Stations. In its planning functions it was very similar to the AOAWS, and many of the ideas developed during the AWPG were later incorporated into the AOAWS.
River management engineering: 1982 - 1989
During the 1980s, I spent 3 years working for a small consulting company in Australia engaged in river management. The clients of the company were for the most part local authorities with responsibility for the health of the river systems in their districts.
I worked on the following aspects:
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Development of strategic plans for erosion control.
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Design of erosion control strategies, including drop structures, rock chutes, bank stabilization structures and re-vegetation schemes.
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Supervision of construction works and maintenance.
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Budgets and planning.
Civil engineering consulting and construction: 1980 - 1982
Early in my career I was involved in a number of aspects of civil engineering practice. In South Africa, in order to register as a professional engineer, a candidate must obtain 3 years of experience in the analysis, design and construction phases of a project.
My early experience included:
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Hydrologic analysis for the Department of Water Affairs.
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Geotechnical consulting for the company of Jones and Wagener, which specializes in foundation engineering and tailings disposal for the mining industry.
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Construction engineering and management for the company Murray and Roberts. I worked as a site engineer on the concrete arch bridge over the Bloukrans river near Plettenburg Bay and as the site manager on the Ferry Wharf reconstruction project in Durban harbor.
I registered as a professional civil engineer in South Africa in 1982.
Education narrative
I received my primary education at Westville Boys High School in Durban, South Africa. After a year in compulsory military service, I attended the University of Natal, also in Durban, and obtained my B.Sc. in Civil Engineering. After graduation I worked for the South African Department of Water Affairs investigating possible changes in rainfall patterns resulting from weather modification efforts in the Lowveld of the Eastern Transvaal in South Africa. During this time, I registered for and completed a masters degree. My M.Sc. thesis is titled: A proposed mathematical model for the estimation of the areal properties of high intensity, short duration storms. The research was based on analyses of data from the radar used to observe the seeding operations.
Since my M.Sc. in South Africa was a research-only degree, without advanced course-work, I traveled the USA in 1978 to pursue a course work M.S. degree. The subjects included surface hydrology, groundwater hydrology, hydraulics, river mechanics, geomorphology, water quality, and mathematical statistics.
I returned to the USA in 1989 to pursue a Ph.D. I started working at NCAR while working towards my PhD. at the University of Colorado in Boulder. My thesis is titled Automated storm identification, tracking and forecasting – a radar-based method.
Refereed publications
Rasmussen, R., Dixon, M., Vasiloff, S., Hage, F., Knight, S., Vivekanandan, J., Xu, M. 2003. Snow nowcasting using real-time correlation of radar reflectivity with snow gauge accumulation.
Journal of Applied Meteorology, 42 (1): 20-36.
Rasmussen, R., Dixon, M., Hage, F., Cole, J., Wade, C., Tuttle, J., McGettigan, S., Carty, T., Stevenson, L., Fellner, W., Knight, S., Karplus, E., Rehak, N. 2001.
Weather support to deicing decision making (WSDDM): A winter weather nowcasting system.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82 (4): 579-595.
Tapia, A., Smith, J.A., Dixon, M. 1998. Estimation of convective rainfall from lightning observations. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 37 (11): 1497-1509.
Wilson, J.W., Crook, N.A., Mueller, C.K., Sun, J., Dixon, M. 1998.
Nowcasting thunderstorms: A status report.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79 (10): 2079-2099.
Dixon, M., Wiener, G. 1993 TITAN - Thunderstorm identification, tracking, analysis, and nowcasting - a radar-based methodology.
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 10 (6): 785-797
Mather, G.K., Dixon, M.J., DeJager, J.M. 1996. Assessing the potential for rain augmentation – The Nelspruit randomized convective cloud seeding experiment.
Journal of Applied Meteorology 35 (9): 1465-1482
Recent conference papers
Dixon M., Hubbert, J.C., Kessinger, C., Meymaris, G. 2007. Intelligent mitigation of normal and anomalous propagation clutter. Real time clutter identification and mitigation for NEXRAD.
33rd Conference on Radar Meteorology, AMS, Cairns, Australia.
Hubbert J., Dixon, M., Kessinger, C. 2007. Real time clutter identification and mitigation for NEXRAD. 23rd Conference on IIPS, AMS, San Antonio, TX.
Hubbert, J.C., Dixon, M. 2006. Real time mitigation of anomalous propagation clutter.
ERAD, Barcelona, Spain.
Hubbert, J.C., Meymaris, G., Ellis, S., Dixon, M. 2006. Application and issues of SZ phase coding for NEXRAD. IIPS of Annual AMS Meeting, Atlanta, GA.
Dixon, M., Kessinger, C., Hubbert, J.C. 2005. Echo classification and spectral processing for the discrimination of clutter from weather. 32nd Conference on Radar Meteorology, AMS, Albuquerque, NM.
Hubbert, J.C., Meymaris, G., Dixon, M., Ellis, S. 2005. Data quality improvements using SZ phase coding. 32nd Conference on Radar Meteorology, AMS, Albuquerque, NM.
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