Review of dominant 9ths, minor 9ths, major 9ths, fully diminished chords, augmented 7ths with an augmented 9th and dominant 7ths with a b9

Let’s do a Quick Review.

Dominant 9ths - Formal
STEP 1: Play a dominant 7th chord (C E G Bb).

STEP 2: Drop the root note. (E G Bb)

STEP 3: Add the 9th note of the scale on top. (The 9th is the same as the 2nd - D) C9 = E G Bb D
Dominant 9ths – Shortcut
STEP 1: C7 (Bb E G) + C2 (C D G) = C9 (Think 7+2 = 9)

C9 = Bb D E G

We drop the root note because we are playing it in the Left Hand. We always do this for 9ths.
Substitute going from the I to IV or V to I. (C to F, F to Bb, G to C, D to G). Use anytime there is a dominant 7th.

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STEP 2: Drop the root note. (C E G)

STEP 3: Add the 9th note of the scale on top. (The 9th is the same as the 2nd - B) Am9 = C E G B
Minor 9ths – Shortcut
STEP 1: Am7 (G C E) + Am2 (A B C E) = Am9 (Think 7+2 = 9)

Am9 = G B C E

We drop the root note because we are playing it in the Left Hand. We always do this for 9ths.
Substitute almost anytime there is a minor chord or minor 7th,

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STEP 2: Drop the root note. (E G B)

STEP 3: Add the 9th note of the scale on top. (The 9th is the same as the 2nd - D) Cmaj9 = E G B D
Major 9ths – Shortcut
STEP 1: Cmaj7 (B E G) + C2 (C D G) = Cmaj9 (Think 7+2 = 9)

Cmaj9 = B D E G

We drop the root note because we are playing it in the Left Hand. We always do this for major 9ths.

Substitute almost anytime on your I or IV are major chords. Substitute anytime there is a major 7th.

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Fully-Diminished 7th Chord
STEP 1: We play a diminished chord. Let’s play Abdim. (Ab B D)

STEP 2: We add the 7th note of the scale to the bottom of the chord. (G)

STEP 3: We then then flat the 7th. (Gb) We now have Gb Ab B D.

STEP 4: We then diminish (or flat) the b7th (again) (Gb to F).

We now have F Ab B D = Abdim7.

Substitute almost anytime you are going to a minor chord. (Example: Abdim7 to Am9 or Dbdim7 to Dm9.)

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Augmented 7th with a Sharp 9th
STEP 1: We play a major chord. Let’s play C. (C E G)

STEP 2: We add the 7th note of the scale to the top of the chord (B), flat it (Bb) and drop the root note (C). We get C E G Bb = C7.

STEP 3: We drop the root note (C) and augment (or sharp) the 5th note of the chord (G). We get E G# Bb = C7+5.

STEP 4: Add the 9th of the scale to the TOP of the chord (D) and sharp it (D#).

We get C9#5#9 = E G# Bb D#.
Substitute almost anytime we go to a minor chord. (For example: E7#5#9 to Am9 or A7#5#9 to Dm9.) Also can be substituted going from V to I.

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STEP 2: We add the 9th note (same as the 2nd, which is D). We now have Bb D E G.

STEP 3: We flat the ninth (D to Db).

We now have Bb Db E G = C7b9

Exercise Song 1 for Substitution Chords

Am7 / / / Dm7 / / / G2 / / / G7 / / /

On the first Cmaj7, we could substitute a Cmaj9.
On the first C7, we could substitute a C9.
On the Fmaj7, we could substitute an Fmaj9 (E A G C).
On the E7#5, we could substitute an E7#5#9.
On the Am7, we could substitute an Am9.
On the Dm7, we could substitute a Dm9.
On the G7, we could substitute a G9, a G7b9, or a G7#5#9.
*If you do not understand these basic substitutions, you would do well to take AP 103.

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