There are five purposes of including land in Green Belts:
to check the unrestricted sprawl of large built-up areas;
to prevent neighbouring towns from merging into one another;
to assist in safeguarding the countryside from encroachment;
to preserve the setting and special character of historic towns; and
to assist in urban regeneration, by encouraging the recycling of derelict and other urban land. (PPG2, para.1.5)
Greenbelt land provides opportunities for access to the open countryside for the urban population; provide opportunities for outdoor sport and outdoor recreation near urban areas; retain attractive landscapes, and enhance landscapes, near to where people live; improve damaged and derelict land around towns; secure nature conservation interest; and retain land in agricultural, forestry and related uses. (PPG2, para.1.6)
Inappropriate development is, by definition, harmful to the Green Belt. It is for the applicant to demonstrate very special circumstances (PPG2, para 3.2)(UDP Policy EN1)
There is no need to undertake a strategic study of Green Belt within Greater Manchester, Cheshire or Lancashire before 2011 (RSS, policy SD5; RSS policy RDF4).
Developments which are acceptable in the Green Belt must, wherever possible, produce landscape and environmental benefits and make a positive contribution to the development of the Forest. (Red Rose Forest, Policy PD.2)
If a local planning authority proposes to establish a new Green Belt, it should demonstrate why normal planning and development control policies would not be adequate, and whether any major changes in circumstances have made the adoption of this exceptional measure necessary (PPG2, para 2.14).
TREES, FORESTRY & WOODLANDS
Manage sustainably existing woods and forests, and continue to the steady expansion of our woodlands to provide more benefits for society and our environment (England’s Forestry Strategy p.2 – strategy contains a number of broad objectives to increase, amount and quality of woodlands)
Plans and strategies for woodland and forestry management, should adopt the multi-purpose approach set out in the Regional Forestry Framework (RFF), especially in relation to their role in green infrastructure provision and management. (RSS policy EM1)
The national forestry strategy is based on four key programmes,
forestry for rural development (contribution to agricultural reform, rural economy and diversification);
forestry for economic development (Land restoration and providing a green setting for urban and urban fringe development),
forestry for recreation, access and tourism (promote public access to more and better-quality woodlands); and
forestry for the environment and conservation (role of forestry in conserving and enhancing our environment and cultural heritage. (England’s Forestry Strategy p.7)
Community Forests offer valuable opportunities for improving the environment around town, by upgrading the landscape and providing for recreation and wildlife. An approved Community Forest plan may be a material consideration in preparing development plans and deciding planning applications. (PPG2, para.3.16)
Use woodlands and forestry to promote and improve the image of the region – integrating trees and woodlands into development, promoting tourism, a tool in regeneration and land reclamation (NW Forestry Framework, Action Area 2 p22).
Maximise the benefits that trees and woodland bring to our regions biodiversity and landscape – manage and protect valued woodland trees and biodiversity and address the effects of woodland fragmentation (NW Forestry Framework, Action Area 3 p.28)
Promote accessible woodlands, linking woodlands to health and lifelong learning (NW Forestry Framework, Action Area 4. p.35)
Promote use of trees as a key solution to climate change, within urban areas, in a mosaic with other semi-natural habitats to help alleviate possible flooding and erosion, as a low energy/impact building material, as a facilitator of species migration and as a sustainable fuel source (NW Forestry Framework, Action Area 5 p.12)
The Woodland Access Standard aspires to deliver the following: No person should living more than 500m from at least one area of accessible woodland of no less than 2ha in size; At least one area of accessible woodland of no less than 20ha within 4km of people’s homes (The Woodland Trust)
To reconnect Central Salford’s neighbourhoods, the main arteries between them will be restored and upgraded into tree-lined streets (Central Salford Vision and Regeneration Framework, para 4.55).
Strategies should encourage a steady targeted expansion of tree and woodland cover (RSS Policy EM1D)
Planning permission should not be granted for any development that would result in the loss or deterioration of ancient woodland, unless the need for and benefits of the development in that location outweigh the loss of woodland habitat (PPS9; Nature Conservation and Biodiversity, pg 11)
Maximise the benefits that trees and woodland bring to our regions biodiversity and landscape – manage and protect valued woodland trees and biodiversity and address the effects of woodland fragmentation (NW Forestry Framework, Action Area 3 p.28)
NATURE IMPROVEMENT AREAS
Establish new Nature Improvement Areas (NIAs), based on a local assessment of opportunities for restoring and connecting nature on a significant scale. Working within the framework of the National Policy Statements and the Government’s planning reforms, local authorities will be able to use local planning to support Nature Improvement Areas, including identifying them in their local plans where they choose, while not deterring sustainable development (The Natural Choice paragraphs 2.27 and 2.29).