The first 128 characters
The first 128 characters of Unicode are the same as the ASCII character set.
The first 32 characters, U+0000-U+001F (0-31) are called Control Codes.
They are an inheritance from the past and most of them are now obsolete. They were used for teletype machines, something that existed before the fax.
Characters from U+0020 (32) to U+007E (126) contain numbers, letters and some symbols:
Numbers go from U+0030 to U+0039
Uppercase letters go from U+0041 to U+005A
Lowercase letters go from U+0061 to U+007A
U+007F (127) is the delete character.
Everything going forward is outside the realm of ASCII, and is part of Unicode exclusively.
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