The historical books 1st & 2nd samuel lesson five
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- 2 Samuel 4:2
- 2 Samuel 4:3
- 2 Samuel 4:4
- 4:10: (See 1:1-16 ). [ Jewish Study Bible]
- 2 Samuel 4:8
- 2 Samuel 4:10
- Matthew 1:1
2 Samuel 4:1[All the Israelites were troubled] Abner was their great support; and upon him they depended; for it appears that Ish-bosheth was a feeble prince, and had few of those qualities requisite for a sovereign. Adam Clarke Commentary 4:2 Beerothite. Near Gibeon (Josh. 18:25), now El Bireh, 6 miles north of Jerusalem, one of the Hivite towns possessed by Benjamin. The Companion Bible by Baxter 2 Samuel 4:2[Captains of bands] Principe’s latronum, captains of banditti, says the Vulgate the Syriac is the same. Whether Ish-bosheth kept bands of marauders, whose business it was to make sudden incursions into the country places, and carry off grain, provisions, cattle, etc., we do not know; but such persons would be well qualified for the bloody work in which these two men were afterward employed. A.C. 2 Samuel 4:3[The Beerothites fled to Gittaim] Probably the same as Gath; as Ramathaim is the same as Ramah. Adam Clarke 4:4 OF SAUL: In other words, of the death of Saul, &c” v. 4 is introduced here to explain the ease with which David’s accession was accomplished, Mephibosheth being unable to succeed his father or avenge the death of Ish-bosheth. The Companion Bible 2 Samuel 4:4[He fell, and became lame] Dislocated his ankle, knee, or thigh; which was never reduced later; and thus he became lame. Lovely Jonathan! Unfortunate in thy life, and in thy progeny. Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 4:5[Lay on a bed at noon.] It is a custom in all hot countries to travel or work very early and very late, and rest at noonday, in which the heat chiefly prevails. Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 4:6 [As though they would have fetched wheat] The king's stores were probably near his own dwelling; and these men were accustomed to go there for provisions for themselves, their cattle, and their men. This supposition, which is natural. As these men were accustomed to bring wheat from these stores, from which it appears there was an easy passage to the king's chamber, (especially if we consider this a summer-house, as it most probably was,) no man would suspect their present errand, as they were in the habit of going frequently to that place. Adam Clarke
The cutting off of the hands and feet was probably understood to extend their pain and suffering into the afterlife, but there is not enough attestation of the practice or the thought behind it to recover the reason with confidence. (IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament) 4:8: The enemy…who sought your life is Saul, not Ish-bosheth (in the Hebrew the word order is “the head of Ishbosheth son of Saul, your enemy”). (Cf. 1 Sam. 20:1; 23:15). [Jewish Study Bible]4:10: (See 1:1-16). [Jewish Study Bible]4:12: Cutting off hands and feet as well as hanging in a public place (after the execution) were considered extremely humiliating (Judges 1:6-7; Deuteronomy 21:22-23). [Jewish Study Bible]2 Samuel 4:8[They brought the head of Ish-bosheth unto David] They thought, as did the poor lying Amalekite, to ingratiate them with David by this abominable act. Adam Clarke Commentary 2 Samuel 4:9[Who hath redeemed my soul out of all adversity]? This was, in David's case, a very proper view of the goodness and watchful providence of God toward him. His life was frequently in danger; murderers had often laid wait for it: but God, the living God, had always redeemed that life from all adversity; and called on him now to punish such evil-minded and blood-thirsty men. Adam Clarke 4:10 Behold. The Figure of Speech here is Asterismos; or, Indicating. Employing some word, which directs special attention to some particular point or subject. Paul the Learner 2 Samuel 4:10[A reward for his tidings] he thought himself entitled to a reward LXX. Here is a proof that euangelion (NT 2098) or gospel signifies the reward, which the bringer of good tidings is entitled to receive. Adam Clarke Matthew 1:1[The book of the generation of Jesus Christ] I suppose these words to have been the original title to this Gospel; and that they signify, according to the Hebrew phraseology, not only the account of the genealogy of Christ, as detailed below, but the history of his birth, acts, sufferings, death, resurrection, and ascension. The phrase, book of the generation, ceeper (OT 5612) towlªdowt (OT 8435), is frequent in the Jewish writings, and is translated by the Septuagint, biblos (NT 976) geneseoos (NT 1078), as here, by the evangelist; and regularly conveys the meaning given to it above; e. g. This is the book of the generations of Adam, <Gen. 5:1>. That is, the account of the life of Adam and certain of his immediate descendants. Again. These are the generations of Jacob, <Gen. 37:2>. That is, the account or history of Jacob, his son Joseph, and the other remarkable branches of the family. And again. These are the generations of Aaron and Moses, <Num. 3:1>. That is, the history of the life and acts of these persons, and some of their immediate descendants. The same form of expression is also used, <Gen. 2:4>, when giving the history of the creation of heaven and earth. Adam Clarke CHAPTER FOUR SECOND SAMUEL [Jesus Christ] See the note at <Matt. 1:16, 21> [The son of David, the son of Abraham] No person ever born could boast, in a direct line, a more illustrious ancestry than Jesus Christ could. Among his progenitors, the regal, sacerdotal, and prophetic offices existed in all their glory and splendour. DAVID, the most renowned of sovereigns, was king and prophet: ABRAHAM, the most perfect character in all antiquity, whether sacred or profane, was priest and prophet: but the three offices were never united except in the person of Christ; he alone was prophet, priest, and king; and possessed and executed these offices in such a supereminent degree as no human being ever did, or ever could do.
As the principal business of the prophet was to make known the will of God to men, according to certain partial communications received from Heaven; so Jesus, who lay in the bosom of the Father, and who was intimately and thoroughly acquainted with all the mysteries of the eternal world, come to declare the divine nature and its counsels to mankind; see <John 1:18> THE PRIEST As the business of the priest was to offer sacrifices to God, to make atonement for the sins of the people; so Christ was constituted a high priest, to make, by the sacrifice of himself, an atonement for the sins of the whole world; see <1 John 2:2>, and the whole Epistle to the Hebrews. THE KING As the office of king was to reign over, protect, and defend the people committed to his care by the divine Providence; so Christ is set as a king upon Sion, having the pagan for his inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for his possession, <Psa. 2:6,8>, etc. Of the righteousness, peace, and increase of whose government, there shall be no end, <Isa. 9:7>. This three-fold office, Christ executes not only in a general sense, in the world at large; but in a particular sense, in every Christian soul. THE PROPHET He is first a prophet, to teach the heart of man the will of God; to convict the conscience of sin, righteousness, and judgment; and fully to illustrate the way of salvation. He is next a priest, to apply that atonement to the guilty conscience, the necessity of which, as a prophet, he had previously made known. And lastly, as a king, he leads captivity captive, binds and casts out the strong man armed, spoils his goods, extends the sway of the scepter of righteousness, subdues and destroys sin, and reigns Lord over all the powers and faculties of the human soul; so that AS sin reigned unto death, EVEN so does grace reign through righteousness, unto eternal life, by Jesus Christ our Lord. <Rom. 5:21> It is remarkable, that the evangelist names David before Abraham, though the latter was many generations older: the reason seems to be this, that David was not only the most illustrious of our Lord's predecessors, as being both king and prophet; but because that promise, which at first was given to Abraham, and afterward, through successive generations, confirmed to the Jewish people, was at last determined and restricted to the family of David. Son of David, was an epithet by which the Messiah was afterward known among the Jews; and, under this title, they were led to expect him by prophetic authority. See <Psa. 89:3-4; 132:10-11>, compared with <Acts 13:23>, and <Isa. 11:1; Jer. 23:5>. Christ was prophesied of under the very name of David. See <Ezek. 34:23-24; 37:24-25> (From Adam Clarke Commentary)
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