The Landscape of Pervasive & Mobile Computing Standards Sumi Helal Synthesis Lectures on Mobile and Pervasive Computing Preface
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The Landscape of Pervasive & Mobile Computing Standards Sumi Helal Synthesis Lectures on M  obile and Pervasive Computing
Preface This lecture presents established or emerging standards that are driving the technological evolution of mobile and pervasive computing systems. The lecture explains the role of each of the covered standards and provides an architecture-oriented taxonomy that explains the relationship and interplay among these standards. Hopefully, the lecture will help piece together the various standards into a sensible and clear landscape. The lecture is mainly a digest and a compilation of over 15 department articles that have been published in the “Standards and Emerging Tecnologies” column of the IEEE Pervasive Compting magazine. The articles are heavily edited to provide the necessary focus and uniform coverage in this lecture.
chapter 1 8 1.1 INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS 9 1.1.1 Nonscalable integration 9 1.1.2 Closed-world assumptions 10 1.1.3 Fixed-point concepts 11 1.2 THE NEED FOR MIDDLEWARE AND STANDARDS 11 1.2.1 Self-integration 12 1.2.2 Semantic exploitation 14
1.3.1 Who should program a pervasive space? 16 1.3.2 Programming models 17 1.3.3 Integrated Development Environments? 18 Chapter2 20 2.1 JAVA 2 PLATFORM, MICRO EDITION 21 2.1.1 KVM 24 2.1.2 CLDC 27 2.1.3 MIDP 28 2.1.4 Hello World MIDlet 29
2.2.1 Java-enabled phones 33 2.2.2 Java-enabled PDAs 36
2.3.1 CodeWarrior 6.0 39 2.3.2 Zucotto Wireless Whiteboard SDK 39 2.3.3 Sun Forte for Java 42 2.3.4 Borland’s JBuilder 5.0 Personal and Mobileset 42 2.3.5 IBM VisualAge Micro Edition 43 2.3.6 Sun’s wireless toolkit 44 2.3.7 Nokia toolkit (beta) 45 2.3.8 Siemens Mobility Toolkit (beta) 45
2.6.1 The foundation: Execution and memory management 54 2.6.2 The building blocks: The .NET compact framework libraries 55 2.6.3 Making connections: Networking and XML Web services 56 2.6.4 Data is power: Data access 56
2.11.1 WAP as a band-aid 67 2.11.2 Wrong bearer services 67 2.11.3 Weak link 67 2.11.4 WAP designer’s nightmare 67 2.11.5 User experience 68 2.11.6 Killer applications 68 2.11.7 Pricing 69 2.12 THIN VERSUS FAT CLIENTS 69 2.13 DEVELOPING JAVA APPLICATIONS FOR MOBILE DEVICES 72 2.13.1 Games for J2ME devices 73 2.13.2 Optimizing standalone J2ME applications 74 2.13.3 Portability issues 77 2.14 NETWORK APPLICATIONS FOR THE J2ME PLATFORM 79 2.14.1 Distributing information between the client and server 80 2.14.2 Sending information between the client and server 81 2.14.3 Protecting sensitive information on mobile devices 83 2.14.5 User interface issues 85
chapter 3 89 3.1 Historical perspective 89 3.2 The evolution of LBS features 91 3.2.1 From reactive to proactive 92 3.2.2 From self- to cross-referencing 92 3.2.3 From single- to multitarget 93 3.2.4 From content- to application-oriented 93
4.6.1 Challenges 112 4.6.2 Toward solutions 113
4.10.1 Benefits 119 4.10.2 Implementation 122
4.12.1 W3C XForms 128 4.12.2 INCITS/V2 URC standards 130 4.12.3 UIML, XIML, and PUC 133 4.13 UI REMOTING 134 4.13.1 UPnP RUI 135 4.13.2 Jini Proxy Architecture 136
5.2.1 Leasing in Jini 145 5.2.2 Distributed programming in Jini 145
5.3.1 Joining and discovery in UPnP 146 5.3.2 UPnP service description 148 5.3.3 Automatic configuration of IP 148 5.4 SALUTATION 149 5.4.1 Service registration 151 5.4.2 Service availability 151 5.4.3 Service session management 151 5.4.4 Salutation-Lite 152
6.3.1 ProSyst mBedded Builder 164 6.3.2 Java Embedded Server 165 6.3.3 IBM SMF Bundle Developer 165 6.4 ADOPTION AND PRODUCTS 167 6.5 CASE STUDY: MATILDA’S SMART HOUSE 169 Chapter 7 174 7.1 MODELING DEVICES AS SERVICES 175 7.2 HOW A SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE CAN HELP 177 7.3 THE ARCHITECTURE 181 chapter 8 184 chapter 9 185 9.1 Different standards 186 9.1.1 ECHONET 186 9.1.2 IEEE 1451 186 9.1.3 SensorML 187 9.1.4 Device Kit 188 9.1.5 DDL 188 9.2 From plaintext to markup language 189 9.3 Bridging the physical and digital world 190 9.4 Different scopes for different standards 192 9.5 Dissecting Devices 195 9.5.1 Object-oriented perspective 195 9.5.2 Data-oriented perspective 195 9.5.3 Modular perspective 196 chapter 10 198 10.1 INTEROPERABILITY THROUGH INDUSTRY STANDARDS 198 10.2 THE REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE 201 10.3 THE BIG PICTURE 205 chapter 11 208 chapter 12 209 chapter 13 210 13.1 The Birth of the Mote 210 13.2 Berkeley Motes 212 13.3 Smart-Its 214 13.4 Moving into Smart Spaces 216 13.5 Phidgets 219 13.6 Atlas Platform 221 13.7 Re aching into People’s Pockets 223 13.8 Health and Fitness Monitoring 225 13.9 Crisis and Emergency Response 226 13.10 Mobile Environmental Sensing 227 chapter 14 229 14.1 Introduction 229 14.6 Conclusions 238 Appendix I: Contributor Bios 240 chapter 3 242 Chapter 4 243 Chapter 5 245 Chapter 6 245 Chapter 7 246 Chapter 8 246 chapter 9 247 chapter 10 247 Chapter 11 248 Chapter 12 248 NO Chapter 248 References 252 Credit & Acknowledgements 259 Author Biography 260 chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Programming Pervasive Spaces Like it or not, tens of billions of lines of Cobol code are still in use today. Invented in 1959 by a group of computer professionals, Cobol empowered developers worldwide to program the mainframe and create applications still in existence today. Undoubtedly, Cobol owes much of its success to its standardization, which started with the American National Standard in 1968. Yet these days, standards alone won’t lead to success. With the invention of the PC and emergence of the network, we realized we also need new concepts and capabilities to program networks of computers. Standards such as TCP/IP and IEEE 802 played a major role in transforming the first computer network concept (Arpanet) to the Internet we know today. However, we also had to invent new computing models such as the client-server model, transactions, distributed objects, Web services, disconnected operation, and computing grids. Furthermore, we had to invent various middleware to support these emerging models, hiding the underlying system’s complexity and presenting a more programmable view to software and application developers. Today, with the advent of sensor networks and pinhead-size computers, we’re moving much closer to realizing the vision of ubiquitous and pervasive computing. However, as we create pervasive spaces, we must think ahead to consider how we’ll program them—just as we successfully programmed the mainframe and, later on, the Internet. Download 0.57 Mb. Share with your friends:
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