Host 1: Shifting gears, care ethics focuses less on rigid rules and more on attentiveness and empathy in relationships as the heart of morality.
Host 2: yes, like being a designated driver for friends - you get them home safely not by decree but by sensitivity to their wellbeing through listening and understanding needs.
Host 1: Beautifully said! It compels us to nurture moral character by caring for one another, whereas duties or consequences take center stage in other theories. Prominent care ethicist Carol Gilligan notes that often women speak in “a different voice” grounded in compassion.
Host 2: Indeed, care ethics orients us to human interconnectedness - how do my actions impact your flourishing? It sees morality rooted in courageously caring, not abstract logic, about real living beings with emotional, physical and spiritual needs.
Host 1: Welcome back, friends, to part two of our journey through ethics! We’re gaining altitude, rising above the maze we visualized earlier to observe more of morality’s landscape from above.
Host 2: Well said! We’ve explored various ethical guides based in social norms, faith, reason and relationships. Now let’s consider ideas of moral logic and character to direct our steps.
Utilitarianism - Seeking the Best Outcomes
Host 1: Utilitarianism evaluates actions based on their overall benefit to humanity. It aims to provide the greatest good to the most people.
Host 2: Like choosing healthy salads over delicious pizza for the communal welfare, despite personal tastes. The right thing maximizes happiness impartially calculated.
Host 1: Interesting! This moral mathematics intrigues but also alarms me. How do we quantitatively weigh pleasures and pains across lives and time? If an action harms some but helps more, is it justified? Who defines what’s good?
Host 2: Excellent questions! Theoretically utilitarianism promotes impartial concern for collective wellbeing, but it risks oversimplifying ethics as emotionless calculation, unable to capture meaning, motives and justice. Perhaps we need balance with care and character.
Kantian Ethics - Following the Rules
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