U low Emission Vehicle Program



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7.40:   U Low Emission Vehicle Program
(1)   U Applicability and Definitions.

(a)   Under the authority of 42 U.S.C. 7507,M.G.L. c. 111, § 142A through § 142M, and M.G.L. c. 21N the Department hereby adopts the California Low Emission Vehicle program.



(b)   Definitions. When used in 310 CMR 7.40 or in communications, notices or orders relative thereto, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings ascribed to them below:
ADD‑ON PART   means any aftermarket part which is not a modified part or a replacement part.
AFTERMARKET PART   means any part of a motor vehicle emission control system sold for installation on a vehicle after the original retail sale of the vehicle.
AUTOMOTIVE-RELATED GLOBAL REVENUE means global net revenues in U.S. dollars derived from the sale of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles, as reported in the most recently available audited annual consolidated financial statements or reports. If these financial statements or reports are published using a currency other than U.S. dollars, the value of net revenues is to be converted to U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange (FX) rate during the corresponding fiscal year as reported by USForex.
CONSOLIDATED PART   means a part which is designed to replace a group of original equipment parts and which is functionally identical of those original equipment parts in all respects which in any way affect emissions (including durability) .
EMERGENCY VEHICLES   means any publicly owned vehicle operated by a peace officer in performance of their duties, any authorized emergency vehicle used for fighting fires or responding to emergency fire calls, any publicly owned authorized emergency vehicle used by an emergency medical technician or paramedic, or used for towing or servicing other vehicles, or repairing damaged lighting or electrical equipment, any motor vehicle of mosquito abatement, vector control, or pest abatement agencies and used for those purposes, or any ambulance used by a private entity under contract with a public agency.
EMISSION CONTROL LABELS   means a paper, plastic, metal or other permanent material, welded, riveted or otherwise permanently attached to an area within the engine compartment (if any) or to the engine in such a way that it will be visible to the average person after installation of the engine in all 1995 and subsequent model year passenger cars and light-duty trucks and 2003 and subsequent model year medium-duty vehicles and 2005 and subsequent model year heavy-duty engines and vehicles certified for sale in California, in accordance with Title 13 CCR 1965 and "California Motor Vehicle Emission Control and Smog Index Label Specifications".
EMISSION CONTROL WAIVER   means an exemption from the requirements of 310 CMR 7.40 granted by the Department in conjunction with the MassDOT Registry of Motor Vehicles Division, pursuant to M.G.L. c. 90, § 2 or regulations promulgated there under.
EMISSIONS-RELATED PART   means any automotive part, which affects any regulated emissions from a motor vehicle which is subject to California or federal emission standards. This includes, at a minimum, those parts specified in the "Emissions-Related Parts List," adopted by the California Air Resources Board.
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE LABEL  means a decal securely affixed by the manufacturer to a window of all 2010 and subsequent model year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles which discloses the smog and global warming scores for the vehicle in accordance with Title 13, CCR §1965 and the "California Motor Vehicle Emission Control, Smog Index, and Environmental Performance Label Specifications".
EXECUTIVE ORDER   means a document issued by the California Air Resources Board certifying that a specified engine family, test group or model year vehicle has met all applicable Title 13 CCR requirements for certification and sale in California.
EXECUTIVE OFFICER means the Executive Officer of the California Air Resources Board.
FEDERAL FUEL ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LABEL means a Federal Label that is affixed by the manufacturer to a window on all 2013 and subsequent model year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles and would deem automobile manufacturers compliant with the federal Economy and Environmental Label published in 40 CFR Parts 85, 86 and 600 as promulgated on July 6, 2011 as compliant with the California Environmental Performance Label requirements.
FLEETWIDE AVERAGE   means a motor vehicle manufacturer's average vehicle emissions of all non‑methane organic gases, non-methane organic gases plus oxides of nitrogen, or all greenhouse gases from all vehicles subject to 310 CMR 7.40, delivered for sale to Massachusetts in any model year, based on the calculation in Title 13 CCR 1960.1(g)(2), 1961, 1961.1, 1961.2, or 1961.3.
GREENHOUSE GAS   means any of the following gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrofluorocarbons.
GREENHOUSE GAS VEHICLE TEST GROUP  means vehicles that have an identical test group, vehicle make and model, transmission class and driveline, aspiration method (e.g., naturally aspirated, turbocharged), camshaft configuration, valvetrain configuration, and inertia weight class.
HEAVY-DUTY ENGINE   means any engine used to propel a heavy-duty vehicle.
HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE   means any motor vehicle having a manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating greater than 6,000 lbs., except passenger cars.
INDEPENDENT LOW VOLUME MANUFACTURER means a manufacturer with California annual sales of less than 10,000 new passenger cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles following aggregation of sales pursuant to Title 13 CCR § 1900(b)(8). Annual sales shall be determined as the average number or sales sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification; however, for a manufacturer certifying for the first time in California, annual sales shall be based on projected California sales for the model year. A manufacturer’s California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another manufacturer under the other manufacturer’s nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing manufacturer. The annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations:

  1. vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 10% or greater part owned by another; or

  2. vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of 10% or more in each of the firms; or

  3. vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or

  4. vehicles imported or distributed by all firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.


INTERMEDIATE VOLUME MANUFACTURER   means any pre-2001 model year manufacturer with California sales between 3,001 and 60,000 new light- and medium-duty vehicles per model year based on the average number of vehicles sold by the manufacturer each model year from 1989 to 1993; any 2001 through 2002 model year manufacturer with California sales between 4,501 and 60,000 new light- and medium-duty vehicles per model year based on the average number of vehicles sold by the manufacturer each model year from 1989 to 1993; any 2003 through 2017 model year manufacturer with California sales between 4,501 and 60,000 new light- and medium-duty vehicles based on the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification; and any 2018 and subsequent model year manufacturer with California sales between 4,501 and 20,000 new light- and medium-duty vehicles based on the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification. For a manufacturer certifying for the first time in California, model year sales shall be based on projected California sales. A manufacturer’s California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another manufacturer under the other manufacturer’s nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing manufacturer.

  1. For purposes of applying the 2005 through 2017 model year zero-emission vehicle requirements for intermediate-volume manufacturers under Title 13 CCR § 1962(b) or 1962.1(b), as applicable the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the case of:

    1. vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one of which either has a greater than

50% equity ownership in another or is more than 50% owned by another; or

    1. vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of

greater than 50% in each firm.

  1. For purposes of applying the 2009 through 2016 model year Greenhouse Gas requirements for intermediate volume manufacturers under Title 13 CCR § 1961.1, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations:

    1. vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one of which either has a greater than10%

equity ownership in another or is more than 10% owned by another; or

    1. vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of

greater than 10% in each firm.

  1. For the 2018 and subsequent model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations:

(1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 33.4% or greater part

owned by another; or

(2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of

33.4% or more in each of the firms; or

(3) vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) who is

(are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or

(4) vehicles imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by

the same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.



  1. For purposes of determining changes in intermediate volume manufacturer status in 2018 and subsequent model years for the zero emission vehicle requirements of Title 13 CCR § 1962.2, see Title 13 CCR § 1962.2(b)(7)(A) as in effect January 1, 2016.


LARGE VOLUME MANUFACTURER   means any 2000 and subsequent model year manufacturer that is not a small volume manufacturer, or an independent low volume manufacturer, or an intermediate volume manufacturer.
LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK   means any 2000 and subsequent model year motor vehicle certified to the standards in Title 13 CCR § 1961(a)(1) rated at 8,500 lbs. gross vehicle weight or less, and any other motor vehicle rated at 6,000 lbs. gross vehicle weight or less, which is designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use.
MAIL OUT   means a widely distributed general correspondence issued by the California Air Resources Board whenever said Board needs information from the public, or when it wishes to inform the public of new information.
MANUFACTURER   means any small, intermediate or large volume motor vehicle manufacturer which offers, delivers or arranges for the delivery of new motor vehicles for sale or lease in Massachusetts as defined in Title 13 CCR 1900, except as otherwise provided in 310 CMR 7.40(12).
MANUFACTURERS ADVISORY CORRESPONDENCE   means a document issued by the California Air Resources Board, which is a policy interpretation for further clarification of the California Code of Regulations.
MEDIUM-DUTY PASSENGER VEHICLE means any medium-duty vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,000 pounds that is designed primarily for the transportation of persons. The medium-duty passenger vehicle definition does not include any vehicle which:

  1. is an “incomplete truck” i.e., is a truck that does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached; or

  2. has a seating capacity of more than 12 persons; or

  3. is designed for more than 9 persons in seating rearward of the driver’s seat; or

  4. is equipped with an open cargo area of 72.0 inches in interior length or more. A covered box not readily accessible from the passenger compartment will be considered an open cargo area, for purposes of this definition.


MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE   means any 2003 through 2006 model year heavy-duty low-emission, ultra-low-emission, super-ultra-low-emission or zero-emission vehicle certified to the standards in Title 13 CCR § 1956.8(g) or (h) or 1960.1(h)(2), having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 lbs. or less; any 2003 heavy-duty vehicle certified to the standards in Title 13 CCR 1960.1(h)(1), 1956.8(g) or (h) having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 lbs. or less; and any 2003 and subsequent model heavy-duty low-emission, ultra-low-emission, super-ultra-low-emission or zero-emission vehicle certified to the standards in Title 13 CCR 1956.8 (c), (g) or (h), 1961(a)(1) or 1962 having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating between 8,501 and 14,000 lbs.
MODEL YEAR   means a manufacturer's annual production period which includes January 1st of a calendar year or, if the manufacturer has no annual production period, the calendar year. In the case of any vehicle manufactured in two or more stages, the time of manufacture shall be the date of completion of the chassis.
MODIFIED PART   means any aftermarket part intended to replace an original equipment emissions‑related part and which is not functionally identical to the original equipment part in all respects which in any way affect emissions, excluding a consolidated part.
MOTOR VEHICLE POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM   means the combination of emission‑related parts which controls air pollutant emissions from a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine.
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAM means the national program that applies to new 2012 through 2016 model year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles as promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (40 CFR Parts 85, 86, and 600) and Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (49 CFR Parts 531, 533, 537 and 538) on April 1, 2010, as incorporated in and amended by the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.”
NEW VEHICLE   means any passenger car, light-duty truck or 2003 and subsequent model year medium-duty vehicle and 2005 and subsequent model year heavy-duty engine and vehicle with 7,500 miles or fewer on its odometer.
Non-Methane Organic Gases or NMOG means the total mass of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbon emissions.
PASSENGER CAR   means any motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation of persons and having a design capacity of 12 persons or less.
PLACED IN SERVICE means having been sold or leased to an end-user and not just to a dealer or other distribution chain entity, and having been individually registered for on-road use in Massachusetts.
PROJECT MANAGER means the person responsible for the administration of Transportation System Projects pursuant to Title 13 CCR 1962 (g)(5), 1962.1(g)(5), and 310 CMR 7.40.
RECALL   means:

(a)   A manufacturer's issuing of notices directly to consumers that vehicles in their possession or control should be corrected;

(b)   A manufacturer's efforts to actively locate and correct vehicles in the possession or control of consumers.
RECALL CAMPAIGN   means that plan approved by the California Air Resources Board or the Department, by which the manufacturer will effect the recall of noncomplying vehicles.
REPLACEMENT PART   means any aftermarket part which is intended to replace an original equipment emissions‑related part and which is functionally identical to the original equipment part in all respects which in any way affect emissions (including durability), or a consolidated part.
SMALL VOLUME MANUFACTURER    means, with respect to the 2001 and subsequent model-years, a manufacturer with California sales less than 4,500 new passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines based on the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification as a small volume manufacturer; however, for manufacturers certifying for the first time in California model-year sales shall be based on projected California sales. A manufacturer’s California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another manufacturer under the other manufacturer’s nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing manufacturer. Except as provided in the next paragraph, for the 2009 through 2017 model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations:


  1. vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 10% or greater part owned by another; or

  2. vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of 10% or more in each of the firms; or

  3. vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or

  4. vehicles imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, upon application to the Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume manufacturer” for the 2015 through 2017 model years if the Executive Officer determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 10% or more of the applicant or has a greater than 10% equity ownership in the applicant based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of subsection (b)(22).

For purposes of compliance with the zero-emission vehicle requirements, heavy-duty vehicles and engines shall not be counted as part of a manufacturer’s sales. For purposes of applying the 2005 through 2017 model year zero-emission vehicle requirements for small-volume manufacturers under Title 13 CCR § 1962(b) and 1962.1(b), the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the case of:



  1. vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one of which either has a greater than 50% equity ownership in another or is more than 50% owned by another; or

  2. vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of greater than 50% in each firm.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, upon application to the Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume manufacturer” for the 2015 through 2017 model years if the Executive Officer determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 50% or more of the applicant or has a greater than 50% equity ownership in the applicant based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of subsection (b)(22).
Except as provided in the next paragraph, for the 2018 and subsequent model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations:

(a) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 33.4% or greater part owned by

another; or

(b) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of 33.4%

or more in each of the firms; or

(c) vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) who is (are)

responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or

(d) vehicles imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the

same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, upon application to the Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume manufacturer” for the 2018 and subsequent model years if the Executive Officer determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 33.4% or more of the applicant or has a greater than 33.4% equity ownership in the applicant based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of subsection (b)(22).


For the purposes of this paragraph, all manufacturers whose annual sales are aggregated together under the provisions of subsection (b)(22) shall be defined as “related manufacturers.” Notwithstanding such aggregation, the Executive Officer may make a determination of operational independence if all of the following criteria are met for at least 24 months preceding the application submittal:

  1. for the three years preceding the year in which the initial application is submitted, the

average California sales for the applicant does not exceed 4,500 vehicles per year;

  1. no financial or other support of economic value is provided by related manufacturers for

purposes of design, parts procurement, R&D and production facilities and operation, and any other transactions between related manufacturers are conducted under normal commercial arrangements like those conducted with other parties, at competitive pricing rates to the manufacturer;

  1. related manufacturers maintain separate and independent research and development, testing,

and production facilities;

  1. related manufacturers do not use any vehicle powertrains or platforms developed or

produced by related manufacturers;

  1. patents are not held jointly with related manufacturers;

  2. related manufacturers maintain separate business administration, legal, purchasing, sales,

and marketing departments, as well as autonomous decision-making on commercial matters;

  1. the overlap of the Board of Directors between related manufacturers is limited to 25% with no sharing of top operational management, including president, chief executive officer,

chief financial officer, and chief operating officer, and provided that no individual overlapping director or combination of overlapping directors exercises exclusive management control over either or both companies; and

  1. parts or components supply between related companies must be established through open

market process, and to the extent that the manufacturer sells parts/components to non-

related manufacturers, it does so through the open market a competitive pricing.



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