Unit 3: Turmoil and tragedy 1933-1945 Battle of the Atlantic

Britain – being an island – had the extraordinary task of ___________________________

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  Need food, ___________, supplies, etc – relies on ships to bring over from mainland Europe and ____________________ especially
  
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  Germany sought to exploit this weakness with ____________________
  

Battle of the Atlantic – longest _______________ battle – fighting for ______________ over the Atlantic waters

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  First shots on the Atlantic – ____________________________ - hours after Britain formally declared __________
  
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  Off the coast of __________, a German submarine, U-30, torpedoed the SS Athenia, a passenger ship en route to ________________ with more than 1,400 passengers and crew on board; 112 people were killed, including 4 Canadians.
  

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  Under the ____________ of Admiral Dönitz, the U-boats developed a deadly strategy, hunting convoys in ________________.
  

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  Groups of submarines would stretch out across suspected ______________________.
  
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  When a _______________ spotted a convoy, the _______________________ for the rest of the wolf pack to rendezvous in its path.
  
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  Once gathered, and under cover of ____________, the U-boats would strike together — their ___________________ ripping into several ships almost simultaneously.
  

Wartime conditions

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  British _____________ fell for 50 tonnes to 21 tonnes
  
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  1941 – 1299 merchant ships sunk by ____________________
  
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  1942 – submarines roamed off coast of North America – going into the ___________________________
  
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    1664 merchant ships sunk
    

Sending aid to ______________ via __________ routes

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  Within reach of German ____________ and _____________ ships
  
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  1943 no convoys sent out – too dangerous
  

Children’s Oversea’s Reception Board – June to September 1940

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  _______________________ raging, ________________ invasion forces waiting on the mainland
  
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  Need to get the children out of ___________ out of harms way
  
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  Sent to _______________ countries: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
  
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  Within__________ weeks of each other, ______ ships carrying children bound for North America torpedoed by German U Boats
  
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    First ship ___________________________ – hit – all 320 children _________________
    
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    Second ship ____________________________ – 90 children heading to Canada – sunk
    
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      ____ out of ____ CORB children drowned
      
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      Lead to ____________________ of the program
      

Need to establish effective convoy strategies

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  Ocean _________, ______ patrols to cover the 15 days excursion across the Atlantic
  
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  1943 – included __________________ and the latest ___________________________ warfare devices
  
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  Of 1162 German Uboats built, 1069 sunk or surrendered
  

1943 – series of tactics turn the tide for the Allies

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  _____________ intelligence, which had already cracked the Germans' ___________ code, made even further advances in this field, allowing the Allies to better track German communications and U-boat movements.
  
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    The Enigma machine is a piece of hardware invented by a ______________ and used by Britain's _______________________ as a way of deciphering German signals traffic during WWII.
    
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    Code changed ________________ by Germans to avoid deciphering
    
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    Code cracked by ______________________
    
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      In 1952, Alan Turing was arrested for ____________________ – which was then illegal in Britain. He was found guilty of ‘__________________________’ (this conviction was overturned in 2013) but avoided a prison sentence by accepting ________________________________. In 1954, he was found dead from __________________________. An inquest ruled that it was suicide
      
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  New long-range aircraft developed for ____________________________ coverage of Atlantic – no more “_________________” where aircraft couldn’t patrol
  
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  Britain began it’s own series of group __________________________