■■ topic paper – police practices
General – agent can be states, legislation etc
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- Legislation solves – gives police clarity/exact instruction
- _General – impx for increase/strengthen affs
_General – agent can be states, legislation etcPolice are subject to the constitution but follow explicit mandates from statutes, states etcETERNO associate dean and director of gradiate studies @ Molloy College 2010 (John, PhD in criminal justice from SUNY Albany, is also retired captain of NYPD, managing editor of Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, author of Policing Within the Law: A Case Study of the New York City Police Department (2003), has published in various journals including The International Journal of Police Science and Management, Women and Criminal Justice, Justice Research and Policy, etc, “Policing in the United States: Balancing Crime Fighting and Legal Rights”, in Eterno & Das (eds) Police Practices in Global Perspective, p9., note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SPRING16] The U.S. is a free government and its Constitution contains basic rights granted to all citizens. These rights are specifically stated in the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments of the Constitution. All police officers in the U.S. must swear an oath to support and defend the Constitution. The Constitution is the foundation for the procedure law. The procedure law is aimed at granting and limiting the powers of those who work in the criminal justice system. While its roots are in the Constitution, the procedure law is also explicated in many state constitutions, statutes, and, most importantly, in court cases. Legislation solves – gives police clarity/exact instructionETERNO associate dean and director of gradiate studies @ Molloy College 2010 (John, PhD in criminal justice from SUNY Albany, is also retired captain of NYPD, managing editor of Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, author of Policing Within the Law: A Case Study of the New York City Police Department (2003), has published in various journals including The International Journal of Police Science and Management, Women and Criminal Justice, Justice Research and Policy, etc, “Policing in the United States: Balancing Crime Fighting and Legal Rights”, in Eterno & Das (eds) Police Practices in Global Perspective, p31., note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SPRING16] Law enforcement officers need to be given appropriate guidance by legislatures and policymakers. To that end and to the extent possible, bright-line rules should be composed so that officers understand the extent of their power. Research indicates that bright-line rules help front line practitioners work within the limits of their authority (see Eterno, 2003). Furthermore, without such rules, policymakers are relinquishing their responsibility by pushing it down to the lowest ranks. Leaders must give guidance and not shirk responsibilities. _General – impx for increase/strengthen affsTerrorismPolice have an increasing role to play in fighting terrorism, but face personnel shortages in the squoCRANK prof Criminology @ Univ of Nebraska, Omaha, KOSKI phd candidate @ Univ. Nebraska, Omaha, and KADLECK assoc. prof Univ of Nebraska, Omaha, 2010 (John, Colleen, and Connie, “The USA: the next big thing”, Police Practice and Research, 11:5, October, p.415, note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SPRING16] An aspect of the war on terror that is having a more immediate effect on police organizations is in Iraq and Afghanistan’s absorption of funding and personnel. Budget dollars have shifted away from municipal policing – witness the de-funding of the COPS program by the National Institute of Justice – and to Iraq. Uchida noted that police face personnel shortages as many officers, often already enlisted in the National Guard, have been called to Iraq and Afghanistan. Hence, personnel shortages are faced at the time when the USA is engaged in a heightened state of security concerns over terrorist attacks in the USA, and the potential for personnel needs is the greatest at home.//// Terrorism and globalization also were tied to a notion of a broader police mandate. Terrorist organizations may be state-based or extra-state organizations, many with shadowy and deliberately obscured identities, who act against US interests on many different fronts. One of the responses of terrorism consequently will be the increasing globalization of the US security effort. This will be not only at the federal level, but will involve increased coordination of police across jurisdictions horizontally and vertically, and overall long-term growth of the police sector – noted by several panelists.//// The police are likely to respond to the ‘globalization of threat’ by adding a ‘security’ element to their mission statements. This shift might occur in several ways – increasing use of police as first responders, increased surveillance of the borders and of local communities, an increased emphasis on ‘risk’ analysis to identify danger or at-risk groups, increased militarism, and heightened use of surveillant and related human-tracking technologies. One of the current efforts we see, that is likely to expand, is the police–prosecutorial use of terrorism laws as enhancements for existing criminal penalties. The growth of the network of organizations responsible for the ‘governance of security’ would increasingly challenge traditional democratic freedoms, and notions of privacy US citizens have been accustomed to may simply vanish. Squo police is falling behind – needs resources to adapt to new technologies that diversify/complicate the response to threatsETERNO associate dean and director of gradiate studies @ Molloy College 2010 (John, PhD in criminal justice from SUNY Albany, is also retired captain of NYPD, managing editor of Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, author of Policing Within the Law: A Case Study of the New York City Police Department (2003), has published in various journals including The International Journal of Police Science and Management, Women and Criminal Justice, Justice Research and Policy, etc, “Introduction”, in Eterno & Das (eds) Police Practices in Global Perspective, p2., note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SPRING16] Local law enforcement seems ill equipped to handle many new threats such as bioterrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and other threats that are global in nature. Technological advances allow the unscrupulous to murder, steal, and enslave across government boundaries with few or no repercussions. Criminals, always ready to exploit a weakness, have taken advantage of new technologies: pedophiles using the Internet to attract victims, terrorists using airliners, drug smugglers taking advantage of every trade route and technology to transport their illegal goods, terrorists setting up global networks, and so forth. Law enforcement must adapt. What strategies are they using? How are different governments adapting? This book examines how different countries are handling these international threats. Our method of examining this is to invite experts in their respective countries to write about their perceptions and understandings. Making this book unique, we examine countries from nearly every continent—Australia, Brazil, China, India, Nigeria, the Russian Federation, and the United States. Each country adds a unique aspect to the book. Each sees the global issue through the lens of its local culture and history. Download 1 Mb. Share with your friends:
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