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Harry G. Broadman - Africa\'s Silk Road China and India\'s New Economic Frontier (2007, World Bank Publications) - libgen.li
Morley, David - The Cambridge introduction to creative writing (2011) - libgen.li
Imperfections in the Market for Information High Transactions Costs
Usage of licensed technology
0 25 50 75 100
Benin
Keny a
Madagascar
Mali
Maurit ius
Senegal
South Africa
Ta nzania
Zambia
% of firms
technology licensed from foreign firm technology not licensed from foreign firm
Source: World Bank Investment Climate Assessments.
276
AFRICA

S SILK ROAD
:
CHINA AND INDIA

S NEW ECONOMIC FRONTIER
Skills Transfer Through the Migration of Professionals
Migration of professionals or diasporas can be effective resources for skills transfers. Fora sending country, diaspora can bean important source as well as a facilitator of research and innovation, technology transfer, and skills development. Technology transfer through migration can take several forms.
Those include (i) licensing agreements to provide transfers of technology and know-how between diaspora-owned or managed firms in host countries and firms in sending countries (ii) knowledge spillovers when diaspora
TABLE 5.9
Export-Import Bank of India—Operating Lines of Credit in Africa
Country or institution
Amount (millions)
Burkina Faso
31.0
Côte d’Ivoire
26.8 Gambia, The
6.7
Ghana
15.0; 27.0; 60.0 (3 LOC)
Senegal
15.0; 17.8; 27.0 (3 LOC)
Mali
27.0
Mali and Senegal
27.7
Niger
17.0
West African Development Bank (BOAD)
10.0
ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development (EBID)S
250.0
Total amount operative LOC
558.0
Source: Export-Import Bank of India.
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BETWEEN
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THE
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FACTORS IN AFRICAN
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members assume top managerial positions in firms in their countries of origin (iii) networks of scientists or professionals to promote research in host countries directed toward the needs of sending countries (v) virtual return,
through extended visits or electronic communications in professional fields such as medicine and engineering and (vi) return to permanent employment in the sending country after work experience in the host country.
The functioning of the Indian diaspora is a clear example of how skills transfers have come about in that country’s software sector. Table summarizes various stages of growth in the information technology (IT)
BOX 5.13

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