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Losses Due to Major Disasters
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- 4.6 Hazards Other than Flood
- 4.6.1 High Winds/Tornadoes
4.5 Losses Due to Major DisastersNo definitive record exists of all losses – public and private – due to disasters for Pearland. For the United States as a whole, estimates of the total public and private costs of natural hazards range from $2 billion to over $6 billion per year. Most of those costs can only be estimated. In most declared major disasters, the federal government reimburses 75% of the costs of cleanup and recovery, with the remaining 25% covered by the state and affected local jurisdictions. The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s estimate of its expenditures in the State of Texas for flood disasters alone for the period from 1991 through 2001 exceeds $6.8 billion. This period includes Tropical Storm Allison, which inflicted damages in excess of $1 billion statewide. These costs, which do not include costs incurred by other federal agencies or by state and local agencies, include those associated with:
Despite the high costs of public assistance paid out in the State of Texas, the City of Pearland has not received any payments to pay for repair of public infrastructure and public buildings. The only public assistance payments received covered debris removal and staff overtime. The City of Pearland has received federal hazard mitigation funds to support mitigation initiatives:
4.6 Hazards Other than FloodThe Mitigation Planning Committee considered hazards that may affect Pearland. For the most part, hazards other than flooding are not considered to be significant risks. The following sections describe these other hazards and how they have affected Pearland. Table 4-4 identifies the total number and estimated value of buildings/infrastructure within Pearland.
* Based on 2000 U.S. Census Data ** Data obtained from Central Appraisal District *** Value based on insured value of City owned structures
F In Pearland, most wind damage has been limited to downed trees, blocked roads, and disabled power lines. Since 1989, in the Brazoria region there have been no weather-related deaths associated with tornadoes, and only 2% were associated with lightning and severe thunderstorms combined. The building code administered by the City requires all new construction to be designed and constructed for 110 mile per hour wind loads. All people and assets are considered to have the same degree of exposure. Within the City of Pearland, High Winds/Tornadoes risks to people and property cannot be distinguished by area; the hazard is reasonably predicted to have uniform probability of occurrence across the entire City. As listed in Table 4-4, all people and assets are considered to have the same degree of exposure. To estimate potential dollar value of losses to existing building, the City of Pearland evaluated the prior loss data from the National Climatic Data Center, (http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/extremes.html). This data indicated that between 1950 and 2002, there has only been one tornado that has touched down within the City. This tornado caused an estimated $5,000 in damage. This data further indicates that between 1950 and 2002 there have been seven damaging high wind events within Pearland that have caused an estimated $538,000 in damage. Dividing this prior loss by the span of years in which this loss was incurred, it is estimated that the City of Pearland has a potential annual loss from high winds/tornadoes of $10,442. The following approach was used to estimate the potential losses to new future buildings. As indicated in Table 4-4, total City of Pearland building values are estimated at $1.68 billion. Using historical loss data, it is estimated that these $1.68 billion in buildings will experience annual losses in the amount of $10,422, which is .0006% annual estimated damage. Given that there is no way to predict the geographic location of high winds/tornadoes, existing and new construction are at equal risk. Therefore, it is estimated that there will be .0006% of new building values damaged on an annual basis as a result of this hazard. It should be noted that the City requires all new development to be designed and constructed for 100 mile per hour wind loads. Therefore, given that the majority of historical damage within the City has been from high wind events with less than 110 mile an hour winds, it is likely that this estimate of damage to future buildings is on the high side. Directory: publications -> reports publications -> Quantitative skills publications -> Multi-core cpu and gpu implementation of Discrete Periodic Radon Transform and Its Inverse publications -> List of Publications Department of Mechanical Engineering ucek, jntu kakinada publications -> Sa michelson, 2011: Impact of Sea-Spray on the Atmospheric Surface Layer. Bound. Layer Meteor., 140 ( 3 ), 361-381, doi: 10. 1007/s10546-011-9617-1, issn: Jun-14, ids: 807TW, sep 2011 Bao, jw, cw fairall, sa michelson publications -> Sample disaster and emergency plan for alabama public libraries reports -> - reports -> Street nw edmonton, Alberta reports -> Subject: Telecom Decision crtc 97-16 Download 0.67 Mb. Share with your friends:
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igure 4-2 illustrates the frequency of tornado strikes in the U.S. per 1,000 square miles. With an average of 153 tornadoes