1. the life, significance, and philosophy of clemens timpler, 1563/4-1624 (germany)

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Document 39 of 50

Makhˇa'´s adornments Historical ethnoecology of Lakhˇóta plant knowledge

Author: Sage, Clark T.

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Abstract: The Lakhˇóta people have stood as the archetype of Indigenous culture on the American Great Plains since the earliest days of scholarly and popular interest. For all the ethnographic research conducted pertaining to the Lakhˇóta , the study of Lakhˇóta knowledge and perception of the environment has been limited in comparison to other domains. In order to understand pre-reservation Lakhˇóta knowledge of flora, this research brings together data from well-known and obscure texts and archives, material culture, and contemporary fieldwork, and applies ethnohistorical and ethnoecological methods of research and analysis in a manner that may be defined as historical ethnoecology. This work provides the largest examination of Lakhˇóta botanical knowledge since Melvin Gilmore and Fr. Eugene Buechel’s works in the early twentieth century, to understand it in terms of discrete knowledge, processes, and cognitive taxonomy. Six-hundred ninety-seven Lakhˇóta names (representing four-hundred sixteen identified, and another eighty-nine unspecified or unidentified species of flora), their cultural significance, and Lakhˇóta taxonomy have been analyzed and are presented here. This work not only provides data for historical study of the Lakhˇóta , but also for contemporary Lakhˇóta individuals and communities as they undertake projects such as the management and protection of cultural and natural resources, sustainability, food security, land claims, and cultural revitalization and preservation.

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Subject: Cultural anthropology; Native American studies

Classification: 0326: Cultural anthropology; 0740: Native American studies

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Ethnobotany Ethnoecology Lakota Traditional environmental knowledge

Title: Makhˇa'´s adornments Historical ethnoecology of Lakhˇóta plant knowledge

Number of pages: 378

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0093

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321947502

Advisor: DeMallie, Raymond J.; Tucker, Catherine M.

Committee member: Brondizio, Eduardo S.; Jackson, Jason B.; Parks, Douglas R.

University/institution: Indiana University

Department: Anthropology

University location: United States -- Indiana

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3716207

ProQuest document ID: 1702222293

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Document 40 of 50

While Stands the Colosseum: A Ground-Up Exploration of Ancient Roman Construction Techniques Using Virtual Reality

Author: Tan, Adrian Hadipriono

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Abstract: The construction of ancient monuments, such as the Colosseum (Coliseum) of Rome, was an enigmatic and complex process that has never been explored. Most sources about the largest ancient amphitheater focus on the historical and archaeological aspects. This dissertation seeks to elaborate on the construction methods of the Colosseum using engineering principles, based on which a digital reconstruction of the most likely of these methods in the form of a virtual-reality simulation – a process that has never been attempted before in the construction study of this ancient monument – was created. This dissertation presents a state-of-the-art and comprehensive exploration of the construction of the Colosseum, deriving and compiling information from both personal observations and a number of different historical and archaeological sources as well as findings from the monument itself. The construction processes of the Colosseum can be divided into five distinct stages: the pre-plan and plan, which details how the site of the construction was selected and drafted; the substructure, involving an analysis the best and safest alternative for constructing the foundation of the building; the hypogea or underground chambers, which provide chambers beneath the arena to house the gladiators and other contestants; the superstructure, the majority of the building which could have been built in several different ways, each of which consists of a number of organized stages; and the velarium, or roof awning, which can be installed in several different ways, resulting in different ranges of protection from the weather. After the different construction methods that may be employed for all of these stages are compared, a number of possible pathways of construction are established, and one of them is selected as the most plausible given the construction practices of the ancient Romans. The findings of the construction methods of such a majestic structure are not complete without simulations using state-of-the-art technology; virtual reality in particular is a prime candidate for this prospect. Thus, the means of creating a virtual model for presenting the construction process, which is known as the graphics pipeline, are researched and displayed in detail. The different stages for the creation process of the simulation are the possible schemes of presenting the digital assets created; the software and hardware selection, which details the possible programs that will be used in the graphics pipeline; and the implementation of the graphics pipeline itself to create the completed model, stages, and user interface. Overall, this combination of history and technology forms a pioneering and comprehensive model which details the construction processes of the Colosseum for a modern audience, and demonstrates that the hitherto unexplored engineering aspects deserve as much admiration as the monument itself.

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Subject: Archaeology; Classical Studies; Civil engineering; Ancient history; Architecture; Computer science

Classification: 0324: Archaeology; 0434: Classical Studies; 0543: Civil engineering; 0579: Ancient history; 0729: Architecture; 0984: Computer science

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Communication and the arts Applied sciences Archaeology Architecture Civil engineering Coliseum Colosseum Engineering

Title: While Stands the Colosseum: A Ground-Up Exploration of Ancient Roman Construction Techniques Using Virtual Reality

Number of pages: 472

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0168

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321862829

Advisor: Croft, Frank, Jr.

Committee member: Butalia, Tarunjit; Kajfez, Rachel

University/institution: The Ohio State University

Department: Civil Engineering

University location: United States -- Ohio

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3710424

ProQuest document ID: 1702720303

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Document 41 of 50

Unspoken connections: Scientists' intersubjective experiences with animals

Author: Siegel, Angeline M.

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Abstract: Little is known about the scientist-animal relationship; therefore, the aim of this study was to learn how moments of intersubjectivity, or "oneness" are created and experienced by scientists. It is by appreciating the risks and vulnerabilities intrinsic to human-animal relationships that propel the present investigation. The current cultural bias of valuing objectification and detachment as the predominant form of scientific investigation overlooks relational subtleties intrinsic to deriving meaning from humananimal studies. By examining scientists and their descriptions of intersubjectivity with their animal participants, a greater understanding of society's philosophical and ethical deliberations on the human-animal relationship may be revealed. An exploratory, sequential mixed-method design was utilized to phenomenologically examine intersubjectivity, as well as to measure the prevalence of its dimensions within the larger academic population. Phenomenological analysis from ten interviews identified humananimal intersubjectivity as having four significant phases: joint mindfulness, synchronized embodiment, intrinsic belonging , and transcendental awareness . Spearman correlational analysis from fifty-four responses to the online survey supported these findings, as well as identified a potential link with the variables of proximity (r s = .469, p < .05, n=25), closeness (r s = .483, p < .01, n=25), similarity (r s = .483, p < .01, n=25) and embodied awareness (r s = .421, p < .01, n=25) that account for variation in the scientific population. When examining past behavior as it related to current scientific practices, gender differences emerged that resemble those reported by neuroanatomical studies. Lastly, further mixed analysis identified academic and cultural risks that were met by employing concealment and silencing strategies. These results add valuable depth in the interpretation of intersubjectivity and its relationship with scientific behavior, as well as insight into the role of intersubjectivity within ethical and philosophical debates.

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Subject: Social research; Ethics; Behavioral Sciences

Classification: 0344: Social research; 0394: Ethics; 0602: Behavioral Sciences

Identifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Social sciences Psychology Animal ethics Animal studies Empathy Human-animal interaction Intersubjectivity Scientific behavior

Title: Unspoken connections: Scientists' intersubjective experiences with animals

Number of pages: 151

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0795

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321875461

Advisor: Willis, David B.

Committee member: Balcombe, Jonathan; Washburn, Allyson

University/institution: Saybrook University

Department: Mind Body Medicine

University location: United States -- California

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3711355

ProQuest document ID: 1703016888

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Document 42 of 50

Ecomysticism: Materialism and mysticism in American nature writing

Author: Tagnani, David

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Abstract: This dissertation investigates the ways in which a theory of material mysticism can help us understand and synthesize two important trends in the American nature writing—mysticism and materialism. Material mysticism—what I term ecomysticism —has been an important current running through the American literary engagement with the natural world. Ecomysticism is a lens through which we can tease out the materialism that defines much of even the most "mystical" nature writing. This material mysticism is often a significant factor in authors' engagements with the natural world, as it proves to be a foundational experience that motivates authors' ethical and political perspectives. After an introductory chapter detailing the philosophical and scientific underpinnings for my theory of ecomysticism, four chapters examine a wide array of literary figures through the lens of ecomysticism. Chapter 1 examines three authors who were writing around the turn-of-the-century: Sarah Orne Jewett, Mary Austin, and Stephen Crane. This chapter examines how their regionalism and naturalism are indebted, in large part, to ecomystical experiences. I examine the ways in which the ecomystical experiences depicted in their writing challenge some scholars' charges of anthropocentrism and dualism and offer us a new perspective on these literary schools. Chapter 2 focuses on Robinson Jeffers, a seminal figure in American ecopoetics. Ecomysticism offers a counterweight to some interpretations that see in his work a supernatural religiosity. I demonstrate how recent philosophical advances in materialism can be marshaled to establish an entirely material basis for his religious and prophetic language. Chapter 3 uses Edward Abbey as a test case to determine the extent to which ecomysticism affects not only ontology and epistemology, but ethics as well. I investigate how Abbey's ecomystical experiences form the foundation of an ethical orientation that came to define him as an artist and an activist. Finally, Chapter 4 centers on the most influential ecopoet of the late 20th century: Gary Snyder. Employing both his poetry and his essays, I show how ecomysticism is a significant determinant of his aesthetics as well as his politics.

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Subject: Environmental Studies; American literature; Spirituality

Classification: 0477: Environmental Studies; 0591: American literature; 0647: Spirituality

Identifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics Philosophy, religion and theology Health and environmental sciences Ecocriticism Ecology Materialism Mysticism Nature Nature literature

Title: Ecomysticism: Materialism and mysticism in American nature writing

Number of pages: 184

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0251

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321969863

Advisor: Arigo, Christopher

Committee member: Campbell, Donna; Hegglund, Jon

University/institution: Washington State University

Department: English

University location: United States -- Washington

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3717495

ProQuest document ID: 1703473245

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1703473245?accountid=14709

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Document 43 of 50

Hydrology and Classic Maya urban planning: A geospatial analysis of settlement and water management at Xultun, Guatemala

Author: Ruane, Jonathan Donald

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Abstract: In this dissertation, I explore the relationship between water management, urbanism, and socio-political organization at the Classic Maya site of Xultun, Guatemala. In an area without permanent surface water, provisioning and maintenance of large stores of water was a necessity for agricultural stability. Combining evidence from archaeological survey, excavation, remote sensing, and geospatial analysis I demonstrate that settlement at Xultun was organized topographically. Elite ritual structures were concentrated on the highest areas, and in proximity to reservoirs. This gave leaders control over the release of water, and by extension control over their subjects. Xultun was built on a natural hill. Urban space was concentrated into three topographic areas: administrative on the summit, residential on lower terraces, and agricultural on the lowest land. Using geospatial analysis, I modeled the relationship between the site's public and private buildings, its 15 reservoirs, and its hydrology. Water was collected and stored within each of the three topographic zones for local use; however, administrative neighborhoods were located close to reservoirs in order to maintain tight control. Excavations at the site's summit revealed that the central reservoir was in use since the late Preclassic (400 BC-250 AD). They also revealed a complex drainage system that diverted water into an aqueduct that emptied into a canal feeding this reservoir. Overflow from the reservoir was directed to reservoirs further downhill. Drainage flowed from the administrative center to the cardinal directions in accordance with Maya cosmological principles. The link between water and authority is further illustrated by the discovery, in an administrative neighborhood, of a stela depicting a royal ancestor in the act of impersonating Chak, the Maya rain god. At Xultun, the association of administrative neighborhoods with reservoirs in all three topographic areas reflects centralized control and management of urban water resources. The arrangement of hydrological systems emphasized cosmological principles and reinforced authority through ritual association with the rain deity. Water management was instrumental in the maintenance of power. As a key element of statecraft, its stratified spatial organization supported the hierarchical social order that took root in the Preclassic and came to characterize Maya urbanism.

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