1826 Roman Diary

5^ He refers to Cardinal Castiglioni who, in 1829, would become Pope Pius VIII. His opposition was only apparent cf. the following letter. The Duke of Montmoreney- Laval was Ambassador of France at Rome.

6^ Indults of the 11th and 18th of December, 1825, published at the end of the Rules. cf.: Missions O.M.I., 1952, pp. 38, 42,45-46.

7^ Fr. Gabriel Deshayes (i 767-184 I), founder of the Brother Farmers of St. Francis of Assisi, and restorer of the Brothers of St. Gabriel. Fr. P. M. J. Coudrin (1768-1837), founder of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary of Picpus.

8^ Bishop Arbaud had in effect written to Card. Castiglioni, December 8, 1825.

9^ Orig. Italian: Rome, Vatican Secret Archives, Collection of the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars, Marseilles 1846 (2119/2-4993/2), we find this translation in Missions OMI. Vol. 70(1936), pp. 502-503.

10^ The date does not appear on the original. This one is proposed by Father Duval. cf. Missions OM1. Vol. 79 (1952), pp. 82-83.

11^ Place Navona or Agonal circus, former stadium of Domitian.

12^ Argentano: Rio de la Plata of the Argentina republic.

13^ Missions O.M.I., 1872,214-219; YENVEUX, IV, 13.

14^ Abbé Ferruci was the agent of the Bishop of Marseilles to the Roman Congregations.

15^ YENVEUX (IV, 13) writes “to the Prefect”.

16^ The Founder wrote to Cardinal Pacca, prefect of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, to ask him to present his report to the Pope after the examination of Cardinal Pedicini, without waiting for the advice of the other Cardinals.

17^ Joseph Fesch (1763-1839), uncle of Napoleon I. Named Archbishop of Lyons in 1802, he retired to Rome after the fall of the Emperor. He stayed there till he died, all the while as Archbishop of Lyons.

18^ Authenticated copy, Rome, Postulation Archives, DM 12 2a.

19^ The Founder added at the end of the copy of this letter that the Holy Father had allowed the formation of a commission composed of three Cardinals and Bishop Marchetti, Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars.

20^ An ancient Roman measurement of length, equivalent to 7 3 cm

21^ Missions O.M.I., 1872,219-221; YENVEUX, VIII, 43.

22^ Missions O.M.I., 1872.221-225. YENVEUX, IV, 160.

23^ YENVEUX: St. Leon

24^ Giuseppe Spina (1756-1828), cardinal in 1802, Archbishop of Genoa from 1802 to 1819.

25^ Retro Vidoni Soresina (1759-1830), made cardinal in 1816.

26^ Allusion to the dismissal of the Missionaries of France from Marseilles in August 1823, and the intervention in this matter of Archbishop Macchi, the Nuncio at Paris, Cf. Jean Leflon, Eugene de Mazenod, II, p. 213.

27^ Anton Francesco Oriolo (1778-1852), made cardinal in 1838.

28^ That the Rule be examined by a commission of three cardinals.

29^ Ms.: Macchio. Most likely it is Bishop Giovanni Muzi, sent on mission to Chile in 1822.

30^ Missions O.M.I., 1872,226-229; YENVEUX, VII, 89.

31^ The anniversary of the execution of King Louis XVI in 1793.

32^ Give the leather: give a whipping, correct.

33^ Ms.: The Founder usually wrote “Claristes.”.

34^ Pan: a former measure of length in use in southern France, equivalent to about 24 cm.

35^ REY. I. 367, 369-370.

36^ Hurry me through: move my business ahead quickly

37^ The church situated near the Argentina square where the Founder had to pass when he went from Saint Sylvester’s to Saint Peter’s. On the church’s facade there is a statue of Saint Francis of Assisi receiving the stigmata

38^ Missions O.M.I., 1872, 229-235; YENVEUX, VI, 20; RAMBERT, I, 441-442; REY, I, 386.

39^ Authenticated copy. Rome, Postulation Archives DM 12 2a.

40^ YENVEUX, Il, 35,65; IV, 126,167; VI, 64; VIII, 71; REY, I, 377.

41^ Fr. Rey writes: [Fr. de Mazenod] is not forgetful of the works to which he had devoted his first years in the apostolate: the Sodality of Youth at Aix, the Sodality in honour of the Sacred Heart, the cult of devotion towards the Blessed Liguori” (p. 377). Madame de La Fare was probably in charge of the Sodality in honour of the Sacred Heart. The Sodality of Youth had as prefect in 1826 M. Biesson (Assembly of December 26, 1825) and in 1827, M. de Fourbelle (Assembly of December 26, 1826); cf.: Register of proceedings, pp. 101, 103, Rome, Archives of the Postulation DM VIII 2 b.

42^ Duke Louis-Antoine d’Enghien (1772-1804). He was the last male descendant of the Condé family, a collateral branch of the royal Bourbon family. This political assassination is still regarded as a serious error of Bonaparte

43^ The Founder doesn’t name this cardinal, but left a space to do so.

44^ Ms.: Auriol. Father Anton Orioli (v. supra, January 18). The Conventuals serve the church of the Twelve Apostles.

45^ The Founder wrote: “ small oratories”, leaving a blank to add a number.

46^ An hour after sunset, that is, about seven o’clock in the evening at the beginning of February.

47^ “As things are”: it’s hard to read the words in the manuscript

48^ The church of the Calvaire at Marseilles, dedicated to Our Lady of Good Help, where Father Marius Suzanne was rector

49^ A stone’s throw: close to.

50^ Saint Paul of the Cross (Paul-François Danei, 1694-1775), beatified in 1852, canonized in 1867.

51^ Missions O.M.I., 1872,235-241; YENVEUX, VII, 90; VIII, 41; REY, I, 374.

52^ The cure of a man who had been struck dumb after having blasphemed against the Mission of Noyers (Lower Alps). He was cured during a Mass which Fr. Albini celebrated, cf.: letter of Fr. Tempier to Fr. de Mazenod, January 23, 1826. Orig. Vatican, Secret Archives, rubr. 283, 1826.

53^ Ms.: Pallota. Antonio Pallotta (1770-1834), made Cardinal in 1823. A friend of Cardinal Pedicini and a member of the commission of three cardinals entrusted with studying the Rules.

54^ Original Italian, Rome, Vatican Secret Archives, Collection of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars, Marseilles 1846 (2119/2-4993/2).

55^ Undated letter, but the 14 and 15 of February according to the indications furnished by the Founder in the very text of the letter. The translation is in Missions OM1. Vol. 79 (1952), pp. 115-116.

56^ In this church, built between 1662 and 1667 to make a place for the miraculous image of santa Maria in Portico (cf. March 20), there is the tomb of Saint John Leonard (1541-1609), Founder of the Order of Regular Clergy of the Mother of God

57^ Archbishop Marchetti.

58^ Missions O.M.I., 1872,241-247; REY, I, 380-381; RAMBERT, I, 444 445.

59^ Esther, 7, 3: Si inveni gratiam in oculis tuis, o rex, ei si tibi placet ...

60^ Ps. 104, 15 and I. Par. 16,22: “Do not touch my anointed"

61^ An allusion, it seems, to the deacon N. Riccardi who had fled from the community at Aix.

62^ Antonio Domenico Gamberini (1760-1841), named Bishop of Orvieto in 1825.

63^ Aloysius Gonzaga SJ. (1568-1591), beatified in 1605 and canonized on December 31, 1726.

64^ Robert Bellarmine S.J. (1542-1621), beatified in 1923, canonized in 1930.

65^ John Berchmans S.J. (1599-1621), beatified in 1865, canonized in 1888.

66^ YENVEUX, VIII, 307. Brother N. L. Riccardi became deacon on September 24, 1825; he made his vows on July 13, 1826; he was dismissed from the Congregation in 1829. He was probably with his mother in Marseilles.

67^ Stanislas Kostka SJ. (1550-1568), canonized on December 31, 1726.

68^ Missions O.M.I. 1872, 247-253; manuscript copy at Rome, Archives of the Postulation: DM 12,2 a; RAMBERT, I, 447-449. We quote the text from Missions which is more complete, while we add some words in parenthesis which are found in the copy of the Postulation,

69^ Cailhol, canon, secretary at the chancellery.

70^ Philip Neri, Founder of the Congregation of the Oratory (1515-1595), canonized on March 12, 1622

71^ Ms.: Capacini. Francesco Capaccini (1784-1845), at that time Substitute for the Secretariat of Briefs. In 1831, he became Substitute for the Secretariat of State where the Founder met him during the Icosia affair. Named Cardinal on April 21, 1845 and died in June of the same year.

72^ Missions O.M.I., 1872,253-259; YENVEUX, I, 33,2*; 11, 71; III, 220.

73^ The original has never been rediscovered in Rome. There is in the archives of the Postulation (DM XI 6) the authentic copy made by the Founder.

74^ Letter of Arch. Giovanni Marchetti, secretary of the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars to Mgr. Francesco Capaccini, substitute of Briefs, February 25, 1826, cf.: Missions O.M.I., N’ 280 (1952), p. 156.

75^ Fr. Marcou.

76^ He refers perhaps to Riccardi who had fled during his novitiate

77^ Copy, Rome. Oblate Postulation Archives. The Redemptorist Fathers did not find the original.

78^ The date is not exact, but certainly it is in February 1826, cf. A. Sampers, Contatti tra il p. Eugenio de Mazenod e il p. Giuseppe Mautone ... Spicilegium historicum Cong. SS. Redemptoris, Vol.23 (1975). pp. 112-113.

79^ [A. Tannoia]. Della vita ed instituto del Ven. S. di D. Alfonso M. Liguori, 3 volumes, Naples. 1798-1802

80^ 4 Rescript of the Sacred Congregation of Rites of August 10, 1824, cf. Missions OM1. Vol. 79 (1952). The Founder obtained Father Tannoia’s book, an authenticated text and a relic ex ossibus of Blessed Alphonse, cf. A. Sampers, art. cit., pp.113, 115

81^ Leonard of Port Maurice (Paul-Jerome Casanova, 1676-1751), beatified in 1796, canonized in 1867.

82^ Accused before the Holy See of authoritarianism and administration errors in his reports on Trappist monasteries, the Abbé Augustin de Lestrange (see November 27) was called to Rome in 1825 and stayed there two years. He died after he returned to France.

83^ Original. Rome. Postulation Archives of the Oblates of the Virgin Mary.

84^ We have a bundle of them.

85^ Bishop L. Lambruschini.

86^ The Congregation of the Oblates of the Virgin Mary was also approved by Rome in 1826, on November first.

87^ Biagio Panzuti, Theologia moralis b. Alphonsi M. de Ligoria in Institutiones redacta. Napoli, 1824.

88^ Ignatius of Loyola SJ. (1491-1556), canonized in 1622.

89^ Francis Borgia S.J. (1510-1572), canonized in 1671.

90^ Missions O.M.I. 1872. 259-265.

91^ March 2nd.

92^ March 6th.

93^ The Founder employs the word imposta from the Italian impostare which means ‘to put into the mail”. The baiocco was a small Italian copper coin in the currency of the Roman States. It was worth about five French centimes.

94^ Bishop Andrea Rispoli of Squillace, and his brother Pietro, cf. Oblate Writings 7, p. 78 note 46.

95^ Frances of Rome (Francesca Bussa de’Leoni, widow Ponziani), (1384-1436), canonized in 1608.

96^ Missions O.M.I., 1872, 265-269; YENVEUX, I, 176; II, 88; III, 74, 148-149, 220; IV, I-2, 15, VIII, 259.

97^ This paragraph is cited without a date in YENVEUX, I, 176. It seems to be part of this letter, partly recorded in Missions, but which deals with the missions. Letters took about 10 days to reach Marseilles. Bishop Fortuné‚ approved the reprinting of the hymn book on March 20th. cf.: Missions O.M.I. 280 (1952), p. 36.

98^ Tuesday,, March 14, or Tuesday, March 21.

99^ Archbishop de Latil of Reims.

100^ On February 13, Ricaud and Bonnefoy, Vicar generals, presented to Bishop Fortuné de Mazenod the letter written on January 14 and signed by 12 parish priests and rectors of Marseilles against the obligation of confessional grills.

101^ Louis Lambruschini, Archbishop of Genoa.

102^ Luigi Micara (1775-1847).

103^ Mauro Cappellari (1765-1846), elected Pope (Gregory XVI) in 1831.

104^ Jean-Baptiste-M.-A.-A. de Latil (1761-1839), named Archbishop of Reims in 1824.

105^ François Xavier de Cienfiuegos y Jovellanos, Archbishop not of Valence but Seville.

106^ Missions O.M.I., 1872,269-276.

107^ Rescripts -already published in Latin, in Missions O.M.I, N’ 280 (1952) pp. 118 and 138.

108^ Jules Barluzzi.

109^ Louis Micara who received the hat at Rome, March 16.

110^ Mauro Cappellari who received the hat at Rome, March 16.

111^ Francois-Xavier di Cienfuegos-y-Jove Llanos di Oviedo.

112^ Jean-Baptiste-M.-A.-A. de Latil.

113^ Carlo Odescalchi (1786-1841), made cardinal in 1823.

114^ Archbishop Maxime Masloum of Myra from 1815 to 1833.

115^ Giovanni Caccia Piatti (1751-1833), made cardinal in 1816.

116^ Missions O.M.I., 1872, 276-283; YENVEUX, I, 33; V, 36; RAMBERT, I, 449; REY, I, 383.

117^ While not being perfect, relations were quite good between the parish priests of Aix and the Oblates. In fact, Fathers Guibert and Suzanne preached the Jubilee (from March 28 to April 27) at the Cathedral of Saint Sauveur, Father Mye and Honorat at St. John extra muros., Fathers Courtès and Jeancard at St. Jerome, cf.:Notes et instructions au sujet du jubilé de 1826, archives of the Archdiocese of Aix.

118^ This document was not published in the Oblate Writings series, but has been added to this computerised version for the sake of completeness. (F.S.)

119^ We can not find this expression in the dictionary. Calot, in old French: the bottom of an unused cap.

120^ The part of the vestment which falls and is loose fitting.

121^ Original in Latin. Text published in the volume of the Constitutions and Rules, ed. 1930.

122^ Antonio Frosini (1751-1834), made cardinal in 1823.

123^ We do not reproduce those long excerpts in Italian [pp. 81-86], published later and translated into French by the Abbé Jamet (3 volumes, Caen, Imp. F. Poisson, 1832) and Father Queyras (2 volumes, Paris, Sagnier et Bray, 1846 and 1860).

124^ Missions O.M.I., 1872. 283-289; YENVEUX, I. 122-123, 160, 168; Il. 70. 147. 148; VI, 23, 24.

125^ Since he had been chased out of the Papal States and led captive to Savona, Pope Pius VII refused to grant canonical approval to the bishops named by Napoleon. The situation was becoming grave as many dioceses were without a bishop. The Emperor named commissions and convoked the Paris National Council in 1811, but without any results; everyone agreed that canonical approval could be given only by the Pope or in his name.

After the National Council, some bishops were sent to Savona and obtained a papal decree by which metropolitan bishops could, in the Pope’s name, grant canonical approval to bishops, if the Holy Father had not given it within a year of the nomination by Napoleon. The latter did not accept the clause: “in the Pope’s name” and Pius VII refused to change his text (Brief of Savona).

The Pope was soon after taken to Fontainebleau. Under Napoleon’s personal influence, the Holy Father signed a text including eleven “preliminary articles”. There it was said, among other things, that if the Pope delayed granting canonical approval more than six months to a bishop named according to the concordats, it would be given by the metropolitan. Article 9 foresaw that the Congregation of the Propaganda, the Vatican archives, etc., would be set up in the place where the Holy Father was living, etc. This was called the concordat of Fontainebleau that Napoleon declared State law.

126^ The Founder was sick in 1814, while the concordat of Fontainebleau was signed in 1813. Father de Mazenod transcribed here the letter of Pope Pius VII, of March 24,1813 to Napoleon, by which he retracted his signature on the concordat, and the one he wrote to the cardinals, on the same day, to communicate the content of his letter to the Emperor, [pp. 87-90].

127^ A brief citation follows [p. 91]

128^ Aurelio Roverella (+ 1812), created cardinal in 1794.

129^ Francesco Bertazzoli (+1840), named cardinal on March 10, 1823.

130^ Giovanni Battista Caprara (+1810), made cardinal in 1792.

131^ Hesitating and reluctantly.

132^ Michele Di Pietro (1747-1821), named cardinal in 1802.

133^ Benedict Joseph Labre (1748-1783), beatified on May 20, 1860, canonized on Decembers, 1881.

134^ In 1826, the youth sodality at Aix still existed, with only a few members, under the direction of Father Courtès, cf. Oblate Writings 7, p. 80. The Journal de deliberations ceased in 1837. The Jesuits, who had taken over the Minor Seminary at Aix in 1821, founded a Marian Society there, which soon attracted the Christian youth from Aix. Likewise, there was a youth society similar to the one of the Oblate house, first directed by a Jesuit Father and, after that, by the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of the Child Jesus, founded by Abbé Timon-David.

135^ Cardinal Pacca regretted that the French and Italian clergy did not have more opportunities to meet and appreciate each other better. We are leaving out the three pages that follow, [p.93-95].

136^ The sentence is not well expressed but anyone can easily understand the meaning.

137^ “Of which, there is no authority on earth that can legitimately take them away”. The statement is strong, practically saying that nobles were, by divine right, owners of their patrimony and no authority, civil or ecclesiastical, could touch them.

138^ Missions O.M.I., 1872, 289-292.

139^ François de Paule, founder of the Minimes. This feast was celebrated on April 2nd, but in 1826, it fell on the first Sunday after Easter. The Minimes celebrated this feast on Tuesday, April 4, feast of St. Isidore. The Superior of the Trinità dei Monti was Fr. Bruno Monteinard.

140^ Father Pietro Rispoli and his brother, Bishop André Rispoli of Squiliace. Cf.: A. Sampers, Contatti tra il b. Eugenio de Mazenod e il p. G. Mautone, in

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