Twenty Years at Hull House

Twenty Years at Hull House

88. The pattern of westward expansion, generally a gradual east-to-west movement was altered by:

1. 
   the Mississippi River
   
2. 
   The California Gold Rush
   
3. 
   The Webster-Ashburton Treaty
   
4. 
   The Texas War for Independence
   
5. 
   The Columbia River
   

89 In the first two decades of the 19^th century, John C. Calhoun could best be described as

1. 
   a nationalist
   
2. 
   s sectionalist
   
3. 
   a Whig
   
4. 
   a Federalist
   
5. 
   a Transcendentalist
   

90. “That it will levy no higher harbor dues on vessels of another nationality frequenting any port in such “sphere” than shall be levied on vessels of its own nationality, and no higher railroad charge over lines built, controlled, or operated with its “sphere”…

1. 
   Foraker Act
   
2. 
   Open Door Policy
   
3. 
   McKinley Treaty
   
4. 
   Platt Amendment
   
5. 
   Treaty of Washington
   

91. Which of the following New Deal programs provided for the suppression of individual freedoms for the increase in economic prosperity in 1932?

1. 
   AAA
   
2. 
   NIRA
   
3. 
   CCC
   
4. 
   All of the above
   
5. 
   None of the above
   

92. The major effect of the Embargo of 1807 on Jefferson’s philosophy of the role of government was to convince him that

1. 
   farmers needed a protective tariff
   
2. 
   a free market is essential for a growing economy
   
3. 
   government
   
4. 
   the only way the US could become truly independent from England was for the US government to support the development of manufacturers
   
5. 
   supremacy of the sea could only established by defeating Napoleon.
   

93. The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution has been used to advocate government support for

1. 
   union organization
   
2. 
   parochial schools
   
3. 
   school desegregation
   
4. 
   vote for women
   
5. 
   curtail manifest destiny doctrine
   

94. The Marshall Court is responsible for creating or upholding all of the following cases EXCEPT:

1. 
   judicial review
   
2. 
   separate but equal doctrine
   
3. 
   doctrine of the implied powers
   
4. 
   superiority of constitution over state governments
   
5. 
   sanctity of contracts
   

95. The moral and constitutional argument for the extension of slavery was made by

1. 
   Henry Clay
   
2. 
   Daniel Webster
   
3. 
   John C. Calhoun
   
4. 
   Stephen A. Douglas
   
5. 
   Abraham Lincoln
   

96. Woody Guthrie sang folk songs during the 1930’s that reflected the perspective of:

1. 
   communist agitators
   
2. 
   FDR & the Democratic Party
   
3. 
   Midwest isolationists
   
4. 
   The disposed of the depression
   
5. 
   Hollywood film moguls
   

97. In the 1928 presidential election, Republican Herbert Hoover defeated Al Smith. Hoover’s victory is best explained by the general economic prosperity of the 1920’s and that Al Smith

1. 
   was strong supporter of prohibition
   
2. 
   was a Roman Catholic
   
3. 
   ran on an anti-big business platform
   
4. 
   advocated gay rights
   
5. 
   was opposed to any governmental assistance for farmers
   

98. Which of the following was NOT an issue that divided the Democratic Party in the 1920’s?

1. 
   the activities of the Ku Klux Klan
   
2. 
   prohibition
   
3. 
   immigration restriction
   
4. 
   civil rights for African-Americans
   
5. 
   teaching the theory of evolution in public schools
   

99. Which political party emerged in the 1830’s primarily as an opposition group to “King Andrew”?

1. 
   the Anti-Masonic Party
   
2. 
   the Federalist Party
   
3. 
   the Democratic Party
   
4. 
   the Whig Party
   
5. 
   the Liberty Party
   

100. All of the following are manifestations of nationalism following the War of 1812 EXCEPT:

1. 
   a revived Bank of the US chartered in 1816
   
2. 
   writings of James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving
   
3. 
   the Hartford Convention
   
4. 
   Henry Clay’s American System
   
5. 
   The Tariff of 1816
   

101. Towards the end of his presidency, Hoover began to respond more aggressively to the economic challenges of the country. Which of the following is an example of his response?

1. 
   provide loans to banks that could eventually be used to help the unemployment
   
2. 
   money for school lunch programs
   
3. 
   low interest loans to farmers
   
4. 
   new immigration quotas
   
5. 
   reduction in tariffs
   

102. Which of these men most desired to have war with France in 1790’s?

1. 
   Alexander Hamilton
   
2. 
   Thomas Jefferson
   
3. 
   John Adams
   
4. 
   James Madison
   
5. 
   James Monroe
   

103. The primary aim of the US Marshall Plan was to

1. 
   earn high interest on the loans given
   
2. 
   B) contain communism and open markets for the US goods
   
3. 
   Aid Soviet satellites in eastern Europe
   
4. 
   Gain western European support for US political policies
   
5. 
   Ensure the appraisal of Americans and thereby foster support for the Democratic Party.
   

104. Which of the following was not one of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points?

1. 
   Sovereignty, autonomy, and independence for German colonies
   
2. 
   Free trade
   
3. 
   Freedom of the seas
   
4. 
   An end to secret agreements
   
5. 
   Autonomy for various ethnic groups in the Austrian and Ottoman Empire
   

1. 
   To what extent was the American Revolution a radical movement, a social movement, or an issue of economic concern of the Founding Fathers?
   
2. 
   The Age of Reform was a multi-dimensional era with complex issues facing the growing nation. Assess the validity of this statement.
   
3. 
   Discuss the political foundations of American democracy under the Constitution
   

4. 
   The culture of the Gilded Age was widespread, prolific, and technical. Assess the
   

5. 
   What were the key ingredients in Wilson’s peace plan, and what obstacles did he face in “selling” it abroad and at home
   
6. 
   What does the youth revolt suggest about the social and political divisions in America? Contrast the youth of 1960’s with how those same people were in 1990’s.
   

DBQ: The Great Depression

By John A. Braithwaite

DIRECTIONS:

The following DBQ is based upon the accompanying documents and your knowledge of the time period involved. This question tests your ability to work with historical documents. Your answer should be derived mainly from the documents, however, you may refer to historical facts, materials, and developments NOT mentioned in the documents. You should assess the reliability of the documents as historical sources where relevant to your answer.

QUESTION FOR ANALYSIS:

Analyze and discuss the causes, course, and consequences of the depression of 1929 and how it played itself out during the 1930's.

PROMPT:

• 
  Formulate a thesis statement
  
• 
  Use documents as well as your own outside knowledge of the period.
  
• 
  Deal evenly with all aspects of the questions
  
• 
  Be sure to cover the time period given
  

• 
  Assess the validity of the documents
  

• 
  Draw effective and specific conclusions whenever possible
  

TEXTBOOK RECOMMENDATIONS

Cherny & Berkin The Making of a Nation

Gillon & Matson The American Experiment **(textbook-ch.25)

Boydston & McGerr Making A Nation

Murrin, et.al Liberty, Equality, Power

Norton, et.al. A People & A Nation

Brinkley American History

Bailey & Kennedy The American Pageant

Boyer, et.al. Enduring Visions

Davidson, et.al. Nation of Nations

Document A:
Efforts to account for the plunge from prosperity to adversity soon demonstrated conclusively that no one factor alone, but only a great number of factors working together could have produced such startling results. Among the disturbing influences they cited were the following:
1. Agricultural overexpansion, both in the United States and elsewhere. American farmers (over) produced wheat, cotton, corn, livestock, and other commodities than they could sell. They all had heavy mortgage burdens even in prosperous times.

2. (There was) Industrial overexpansion. There were too many factories and too much machinery. American industry was geared to produce more than it could sell.

3. The increasing effectiveness of machines (technology). With ingenious labor saving devices fewer and fewer men could produce more and more goods.
4. Capital surpluses kept too high. Labor did not have enough to buy its share of things.
5. The overexpansion of credit both for productive and consumptive purposes. Money was easy and plentiful.
6. International trade was out of balance.
7. Political unrest existed throughout the world.
John D. Hicks, The American Nation (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1955.) pp. 520-522.

Document B:
Source: Timeline of the Great Depression.
1929 Stock Market Crashes

1930 New York’s Bank of US Closes

1931 Reconstruction Finance Corporation created

1932 Bonus Army & “Battle of Anacostia Flats”

FDR elected President of US

1933 Emergency Banking Act

First Fireside Chat

Prohibition repealed

Public Works Administration established

Agricultural Adjustment Act passed

Tennessee Valley Authority created

Disney Produces the “Three Little Pigs”

1934 Indian Reorganization Act

1935 Wagner Act passed to help Labor Unions

Social Security Act passed

Works Progress Administration formed

Congress of Industrial Organization formed

Schecter Poultry vs U.S.

1936 FDR re-elected

Keynes publishes The General Theory of Employment,

Interest, and Money.

Butler vs U.S.

1937 United Auto Workers strike in Flint, Michigan

FDR tries to “Pack the Supreme Court”

1938 O. Wells broadcasts, “The War of the Worlds”

1929 John Steinbeck, publishes “Grapes of Wrath”




Document C:

William H. Leuchtenberg, The Perils of Prosperity 1914-1928. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1958), pp. 241-268.

The prosperity of the 1920's produced the contagious feeling that everyone was meant to get rich. The decade witnessed a series of speculative orgies from "get-rich-quick" schemes to. . .the Great Bull Market. Before the war (W.W.I), stock investment had been almost wholly a preserve of the wealthy. . .
No one can explain what caused the wave of 1928. There was no single cause of the crash and ensuing depression; (however) management had siphoned off gains in high profits. . .thus the farmer and the worker did not have the purchasing power to sustain prosperity.
The policies of the federal government were disastrous. Its tax policies made the maldistribution of income by the rich still more serious.
The market crash played a major role in precipitating the Great Depression.
The farmer, who had seen little of the prosperity of the 1920's was devastated by the depression. The depression touched every area of American life.



Document D:

R.R. Palmer and J. Colton, A History of the Modern World. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956), 798.

The depression, in the strict sense, began as a stock-market and financial crisis. . .

The crisis passed from finance to industry and from the United States to the rest of the world. The export of American capital came to an end. American not only ceased to invest in Europe, but they sold the foreign securities they had. This pulled the foundation from under the post-war revival of Germany. . .
Between 1929 and 1932, the latter year representing the depth of the depression, world production is estimated to have declined by 38%, and the world international trade by two-thirds.
The world price of wheat fell incredibly.
Unemployment, a chronic disease ever since the war, now assumed the proportion of pestilence. In 1932, there were 30,000,000 unemployed persons. And people chronically out of work naturally turned to new and disturbing political ideas.

Document E:


Blum, et.al. The National Experience. (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1986), p.696

The trauma of depression (was) a severe shock to the American people--to their expectations, their values, and their confidence in themselves and their future. A few believed that depression was an inherent and ineradicable evil of the capitalist system and concluded that only was to abolish capitalism.

Some of these excited by the success of fascism (were wooed that way). Others who despaired of capitalism turned toward Marxism. The Communist movement was the more serious of the two.

Document F:
“Brother Can You Spare a Dime”
They used to tell me I was building a dream,

And so I followed the mob—

When there was earth to plough or gun to bear

I was always there—right on the job

The used to tell me I was building a dream

With peace and glory ahead—

Why should I be standing in line

Just waiting for bread?

REFRAIN:
Once I built a railroad, made it run,

Made it race against time.

Once I built a railroad,

Now its done—

Brother, can you spare a dime?

Once I built a tower, to the sun.

Brick and rivet and lime,

Once I built a tower,

Now it’s done—

Brother, can you spare a dime?

Gee, we looked swell,

Full of that Yankee Doodle-de-dum.

Half a million boots went sloggin’ through Hell,

I was the kid with a drum.

Say don’t you remember, they called me Al--

It was Al all the time.

Say, don’t you remember I’m your pal—

Buddy, can you spare a dime?

By E. Y. Harburg

Document G:
Houghton Mifflin, Nextext, The Great Depression. pp. 37-39
Calvin Coolidge may have suffered personal remorse, but he was not willing to accept public blame… The former President, then said:

“…It will be observed that all these causes of depression, with the exception of the early speculation, had their origin outside the United States, where they were entirely beyond the control of our government.”

Herbert Hoover declared that “that our immediate weak spot was the orgy of stock speculation which began to slump in October, 1929” But a second cause, according to the President, was World War I and its aftereffects.
What caused the Crash?
Greedy people wanted more than they needed. Foolish people thought they could get something for nothing. Impulsive people bought now in the hope of paying later. Income and wealth were distributed unfairly and dangerously. The rich regarded themselves as an all-knowing elite. The masses were not paid enough money to consume all the goods they produced. The economy was unsound. The corporate structure was sick. The banking system was weak. Foreign trade was out of balance. Business data were inadequate and often faulty.

The constellation of conditions left the economy a flawed and loaded gun, and when the stock market crashed, the gun did not merely fire—it exploded in everyone’s face.

Document H:

Dorothea Lange Photo Texas Panhandle Area. (Library of Congresss)

Document I:
Source: Dorothea Lange Photos of Women In The Depression. Library of Congress.

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