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- Aquaculture too expensive-Fish feed makes production cost too much money
Link—Wave EnergyWave energy is unfeasible and too expensive-the costs are 1.5 times that of coal energyKishore et. al 13 (Shalinee, is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pa. She obtained doctoral and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Princeton University in 2003 and 2001, and an M.S. and B.S. in electrical engineering from Rutgers University in 1999 and 1996, “Electricity from Ocean Wave Energy: Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges”, IEE SMART GRID, http://smartgrid.ieee.org/february-2013/794-electricity-from-ocean-wave-energy-technologies-opportunities-and-challenges) The energy from ocean waves is a largely untapped resource that could play an important role in our electricity future. It is more consistent and predictable than that of other renewable resources such as wind and solar. Although several pilot projects have been successfully deployed worldwide, and some of them are grid-connected, the economic production of electric power from wave energy remains to be demonstrated. A key path forward will be the integration of smart technologies that harness vast amounts of sensor and meteorological data to support wave farm operations. With estimates of economically recoverable wave energy resources ranging from 140 to 750 TWh/year worldwide with existing technology, energy from ocean waves is a largely untapped resource that could play an important role in our electricity future. It is more consistent and predictable than other renewable resources like wind and solar. What is more, the maximum energy density of waves (between 40 and 60 degrees latitude) is found in both hemispheres—where the advanced industrial economies of Europe, the United States and Japan reside. A key barrier to making wave energy a reality, however, is cost. According to current estimates, the levelized cost per MWh of wave energy production is more than 1.5 times that of wind and nearly three times that of coal-based power. Wave energy is more expensive than wind energy in part because wave energy conversion is in a much earlier development phase. Looking forward, this barrier will have to be overcome for wave energy production to reach its full potential. A key to reducing costs will be predicting the characteristics of waves, which can be reliably determined days in advance. This predictability will give wave energy producers—with low operational costs and a non-polluting technology—attractive market opportunities in the near future. Many different techniques have already been proposed and tested for both on-shore, near-shore and off-shore wave energy extraction. The process of energy generation at a wave energy converter (WEC) consists of a number of steps, which include energy absorption from ocean waves by a type of energy capture mechanism, transmission of mechanical power to the generator by a power take-off mechanism and controlling power output by means of suitable power electronics or arrays of similar WECs, or both. Wave energy is too expensive and perceived as useless spending-public wants altered renewables not a 1.2 billion dollar energy converterSwenson NO DATE( Andreas, Commodity buyer at Volvo Construction Equipment Chairman at "Akademiker föreningen" at Fuji Autotech AB Project Purchaser at Fuji Autotech Ab Supply manager at Fuji Autotech AB, “Are They the Answers to our Problem?”, http://www.exergy.se/goran/swedish/cng/alten/proj/97/tw/index.htm) Right now wave energy plants only exists in theory models and as experimental rigs, except for maybe five or six full-scale plants. But what will happen in the near future? Tidal and wave energy as a replacement for fossil fuels is uncertain, because the technology of the energy generators isn't fully developed. In addition the technology isn't fully commercially available making this a relatively expensive energy choice, remember the enormous cost for a tidal power plant{ is in the} 1.2 billions. Another factor that is standing in the way for tidal and wave energy, is the growing popularity for other renewable sources, probably will wave and tidal power be important as alternative renewable source, with today's equipment it's possible to determine the wave energy devices output two days ahead. Therefore it's possible to make a nice fitting interplay between, wave energy and the present ordinary, energy type on shore. Indeed, tidal and wave energy is still a viable option for the future. Although the world's electricity demand could probably never be met by tidal and wave energy alone, but they have the potential to decrease our reliance on fossil fuels, for example, in the UK about 20% of the electricity demand could be taken from tidal power. Worldwide there is a potential of 60 Gigawatts of tidal energy that could be directed to human use. The European Union has shown great interest in tidal and wave energy and has therefore funded projects in several nations. You can assume that with increased knowledge and interest in this renewable energy source, costs will decline and engineering efficiency will improve, with these facts in mind, it seems that tidal and wave energy will encounter a bright future. The ABB Alstom Power's future in wave technology lays in their knowledge about turbines, every wave power plant so far uses some kind of turbine device to extract the power from the waves. So if these wave power plants would become used in a larger scale, ABB have to be among the first to be a competitive producer. Link—AquacultureAquaculture too expensive and products are too low value to recooperate debt from initial costAquaculture Magazine 14 (aquaculture industry magazine Aquaculture, June 2014, http://www.aquaculturemag.com/daily-news/2014/07/01/aquaculture-industry-looks-to-asian-diners) Aquaculture is expected to play a crucial role in meeting the growing global demand for fish, with a United Nations report, released last month predicting seafood farming would account for 62 per cent of eaten fish by 2030. But Mr Lock said takeover targets were difficult to find despite Australia having about 500 seafood farms. ‘‘I haven’t seen many fish aquaculture businesses that make sense. They are too expensive to produce and the product is too low value,’’ said Mr Lock, citing the Tasmanian salmon industry as an example. ‘‘Most of the other aquaculture in Australia struggles because of our cost of production. And that’s why we like the abalone because, firstly, it is an export business and, secondly, it’s high value, so the cost production plays a lesser part as to whether it’s competitive or not.’’ The Jade Tiger acquisition will take Craig Mostyn’s live abalone exports to about 800 tonnes a year, servicing the Hong Kong, China, Japan and Singapore markets. Mr Lock said the company began looking at Jade Tiger in January but soon got ‘‘distracted’’ by the fight for Western Australia’s biggest beef producer, which mining magnate Andrew ‘‘Twiggy’’ Forrest bought for an estimated $30 million, although Mr Lock said the figure was closer to $50 million. ‘‘It was disappointing,’’ Mr Lock said about being outbid by Mr Forrest, who predicted demand for Australian beef would soar in similar manner to iron ore. While Mr Lock said Australia's proximity to Asia gave local agriculture exporters an advantage over competitors in Brazil, Argentina, Canada and Denmark, but capitalising on the region’s fast-growing middle class was far from a done deal. ‘‘There is a great opportunity for Australia to grow its production to supply not only the domestic market but also the increasing export market. ‘‘But I think we need to be cautious that we are an expensive producer, that we need to pick the products where we can sell on some basis other than price, whether it’s got traceability and certainty about what’s in the food, the food quality, or it’s some other attribute that allows us to recover our costs of production.’’ The $20 million Jade Tiger deal has been split between buying its brand and assets and funding a three-year plan to double the the size of the farm, located at Indented Head. Mr Lock declined to say how much Craig Mostyn paid for the farm itself. He said its 35 staff and management would be retained, with up to 20 more jobs created under the expansion plan, which is expected to be completed within three years. Aquaculture too expensive-Fish feed makes production cost too much moneyGabriel 7 (U.U., assc for African Journal of Ag Reaserch, Locally produced fish feed: potentials for aquaculture development in subsaharan Africa, may 2007, http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380787639_Gabriel%20et%20al..pdf) fish feed ton European countries for the productivity and sustainability of the industry. For example, in Nigeria an estimated 4.000 tons of quality fish feeds are imported into the count'y each year IAIFP, 2004). This has contributed in no small way in increasing the total cost of production which will ultimately translate to nigh cost of fish, thereby making it expensive for the teeming population of the poor people living in Sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries like Kenya. Namibia, Malawi. Nigeria, Uganda, Madagascar, Ghana and Cote D'ivoire, where little quantity of fish feeds are produced locally, the quality is very poor and production rate inconsistent. This corrobo- rated the submission of Jamu and Ayinla (2003) that the low quality of fish feed and its attendant high cost are the major factor limiting the development of aquaculture in Africa. Hence, research in fish nutrition that will utilize locally available ingredients and fabricated equipment without reducing the quality of the feed is urgent and crucial to the overall success of aquaculture develop- ment, growth and expansion in Africa. Aquaculture production in Africa involves both the intensive and semi-intensive system of p'oduction, which is daly gaining g'ound in tne continent. For any aquaculture venture to be viable and profitable, it must hnave a regular and adequate supply of balanced artificial diets. This is so because the dssolved nutr'ents that promote p'ima'y and seconda'y p'oduction in the nakra envi'onment are seasonal and might be insufficient o' may not occur in *equired p'oportions to meet tne nutritional demand of cultured fisnes (Ugwumba and Ugwumba, 2003). There is therefore the need to develop and encourage fish farmers to make use of ideal pond fertilization programs, non-conventional feed resou- rces, feed stuff processing, refinement and formulations that take cognizance of the requirements of the various species and their stages (Ibiyo and Olowosegun, 2004). In comparison to livestock feeds, fish feeds are unique in that they are pelleted and the size of the pellet depends to a large extent on size and age of the fish involved. Fish feed is very important in the efficiency and overall perfor- mance of fish in the pond and least cost feed production which will reduce the cost of production of fish. This is why any attention towards the production of effective and cheap feed will benefit fish farmers in Africa, since the feed ingredients are rich in desired nutrients (Tables 4 and Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2014 2014 -> For want of a nail 2014 -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 2014 -> Ihbb asian Championships 2014 middle school bowl Round 4 First Quarter 2014 -> Ihbb european Championships 2014 Bowl Round 4 First Quarter 2014 -> International History Bee and Bowl 2013-14 Asian Division Question Set Bowl Round Six 2014 -> United states patent and trademark office 2014 -> Coffs harbour eisteddfod vocal syllabus 2014 -> Listen News Programs Schedule pledge now 2014 -> Slow club announce third album complete surrender Download 0.74 Mb. Share with your friends:
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