21st Century Grammar Handbook

Indefinite articles a, an
British English modifier
Interjection
adverb emphasis however oh parentheses
Languages
accent Arabic

Asian languages
French
German
Japanese
Latin punctuation
Russian
Spanish spelling
Modifiers
adjective adverb comparison dangling modifier good misplaced modifier well
Mood
imperative indicative subjunctive
Negatives
double negative misplaced modifier no nobody none not nothing
Noun
agreement capitalization case collective noun common noun declension

gender gerund
’II
names noun clause noun phrase number object person plural possessive predicate noun proper nouns subject subject complement title
Numbers
cardinal number dates fractions one ordinal number percent zero
Parts of a sentence
agent antecedent appositive clause direct object expletive fragment indirect object list nonrestrictive clause nonrestrictive phrase object phrase predicate predicate adjective

predicate noun restrictive clause restrictive phrase series subject subject complement subordination
Parts of speech
adjective adverb conjunction interjection noun preposition pronoun verb
Prepositions
about above across after against along among as at before behind below beneath beside beyond by down during for from in

into like of off on onto out prepositional phrase since through toward under up with without
Pronouns
agreement antecedent anybody appositive case collective pronoun declension demonstrative pronoun each everyone everything he, him, his he/she
I
indefinite pronoun inflection intensifier intensive pronoun interrogative pronoun it
’ll me, myself modifier more

neither nobody none no one nothing one person personal pronoun plural possessive reciprocal pronoun reflexive pronoun relative pronoun
-self several she/he, her/him she, her, hers some somebody someone something that their them they
’ve we who whoever whom whomever whose you your
Punctuation
accent apostrophe asterisk bracket clause

colon comma conjunction dash ellipsis exclamation point hyphen parentheses period question mark quotation mark semicolon sentence symbol
Questions
indirect question interrogative rhetorical question
Rhetorical devices
irony metaphor rhetoric simile
Rules
agreement audience capitalization dialect editing grammar punctuation revision standard English style
Sentence

compound sentence indirect quotation inversion paragraph quotation run-on
Spelling
dictionary languages
Style
audience bland writing clarity clichés editing efficiency emphasis grammar inversion order of words parallelism redundancy repetition revision tone vocabulary
Symbols
asterisk emphasis percent
Typography
bold italic lowercase typeface

uppercase ibUsagebiBlack English
British English colloquial dialect grammar jargon scientific language slang standard English
Verbs
active voice agreement am are auxiliary verb be can clauses compound predicate conjugation could do fragment future tense gerund have imperative infinitive inflection intransitive irregular verb is linking verb
’ll main verb may

might mood must
’nt number participle passive voice past tense plural predicate present tense regular verb shall should split infinitive tense transitive voice was wasn’t were will would
Words
compound word consonant contraction homonym main form prefix suffix syllable synonym vowel

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