21st Century Grammar Handbook

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21st century grammar
21st century grammar, transformation, transformation, - - - .pdf;filename*= UTF-8''অনুবাদ চর্চা (প্রথম আলো পত্রিকা থেকে-২৯-০৩-২০২০)-1, 21st century grammar

Compound word. Two or more words that can stand independently are often joined in various ways to make compound words. It is important to recognize that such compounds are tricky to spell and to make into plurals. Some guidelines follow, but be sure to lookup such words in the dictionary if you have any doubt about their
spelling.
In grammatical terms, comparatives and superlatives made up of “more” or “most”
and an adjective or adverb are compound words that are not hyphenated or spelled solid (as one word. They represent the simplest case of compounding and need not be of further concern to most writers. Some examples more favorable most appreciative White House standing invitation quickly stated No compounds of adverbs ending in “-ly” should ever have a hyphen, though this mistake is commonly committed. Plurals of these words are formed as one would expect, with only the more important of the words becoming a plural form White Houses vice presidents.”
Compounds that are hyphenated are more complex. First, you need to make sure that the word is in fact spelled with a hyphen. Many words form most of their compounds either with hyphens or without, but some combine both words into one solid word “self-starter,” “self-management,” and “self-conscious” but “sel ess.”
Other compounds are hyphenated when they act as adjectives but not when they are
nouns: “decision-making processes but good decision making is needed To avoid leaving such discretion to writers or dictionaries or to stop puzzling combinations from cropping up (The decision-making o ces need good decision making, some
styles dictate spelling common compounds one way only. But controversy and variation persist database is a solid compound in some styles, open (two words)
in others, and hyphenated in yet others. Consistency should be your byword, as well as reliance on whatever authoritative sources are available to you—an organization style sheet or preferred dictionary.
Care should betaken, under whatever style is adopted, to make sure that compounds are hyphenated when leaving them open would cause ambiguity The free trade policy is in force in this country Lack of a hyphen between free and
“trade” in this sentence leaves the reader unsure if the policy in question has to do with free trade or if there is a trade policy that has become free somehow. Many readers will recognize free trade as a concept and compound the words mentally. But those who don’t know about the history of economics and policy might be left to wonder, as will the more informed for whom the lack of a hyphen opens the door to guessing what you had in mind. Help everyone outwith a hyphen.
Some compounds that are always hyphenated include many forms of numbers, like
fractions and spelled-out numbers “one-tenth, two-thirds, forty-six, three-year-olds.”
But numbers with the spelled-out word percent should not be hyphenated even when they are used adjectivally a 42 percent raise.”
Plurals of hyphenated words add S to the critical word only “self-starters,”

“sisters-in-law.” But possessives of hyphenated compounds add an apostrophe and “S”
to the end of the compounded string the sisters-in-law’s gift (treated as a singular possessive although the compound is plural because of the position of the rst “s,”
which makes a plural “Self-starters’ rewards are great (plural possessive formation because the plurals and possessive ending are in the same place).

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