U
U in crescent moon mastersign, Luginbühl, Ulrich, 1867
U K Primary Standards, 1156
"U S Candy Scales" article, 2101–2102
U S Census records, 2096
U S P O
first sc, 1047
sc, 1017, 1047
mkr
Haberson, Benjamin, 1047
Yarnell, Ellis, 1047
wts, 1047
see also American Post Office; U S Postal System
U S Patent & Trademark Depository, 2099
U S postal system
letter from Carley, 1017
letter from Ifshin, 1047
see also American Post Office; U S P O
U S Standards of W & M Their Creation & Creators by Frazier (review), 102
U U design, platform sc, 723
U V design, platform sc, 724
U W f see Ubrig, Emil & Co
Ubrig, E & Co see catalogue, Ubrig, E & Co 1892
Ubrig, Emil
coin operated sc mkr, 2455
coin operated sc patentee, 2455–2456
flexure spring patent, 1908
kitchen sc mkr, 765, 958, 1889, 1909
parcel sc mkr, 623, 1261
patentee in G B, 517, 623
spring bal mkr, 517, 623, 958, 1438
Ubrig, Emil & Co
animal sc mkr, 1439
dates, 1438
dynamometer mkr, 1439
E U trade mark, 1890
family sc mkr, 1889
German sc mkr, 1438
making for export, 1890
parcel sc mkr, 1439
person sc mkr, 1439, 1706, 2455
postal sc mkr, 1439
postal sc retailers, 1438–1440
spring bal mkr, 1438
spring bal retailer, 1438–1440
trade card, 1438
trade sc mkr, 1440
trade sc retailer, 1440
U W f trade-mark, 1439
see also catalogue, Ubrig, E & Co 1892
Ubrig, Heinrich Carl Christian see Ubrig, Emil & Co
Ubrig's Waagen-fabrik Gebr
Ubrig
German sc mkr, 1438
spring bal mkr, 1438
ultra micro bal
def, 3
see also Precision bal
under & over sc, def, 341
UnderWood, Reporter Co, American retailer, 995
unequal-arm beam, 1547, 2177
unequal arm sc, 224, 227, 231, 257–258, 1133, 2177, 2711–2718
def, 341
coin, 2711–2712
dental, 2711–2712
egg, 378–384, 414–415, 1973
English, 2711
German, 2711
laboratory, 872
mkr
Beach, Thomas, 2711
Fairbanks & Co, 1918
White Mfg Co, 1973
with no moving pivots, 2711
photographers, 1918
postal, 1649
with proportional wts (contracting machine), 655–658, 698
ratio, 2711
reversible, 1918
sovereign, 1039
with turn-over poises, 1974
with weights, 2711
Uniform Postal Act of 1840, British, 3026
Uniform System of marking wts, 1961
Union Fire Office, 1785
Union Mill, wts user, 1116
union sc, 86, 514, 1592, 1807, 1835–1840, 1877–1878
def, 1808
mathematics of, 1877
mkr
Avery, W & T, 1838
Chatillon, John & Sons, 1592
Fairbanks & Co, 86, 1807, 1836, 1838
Garland, James & Co, 1840
Howe Scale Co, 901
Robert, D L, 514, 1878
objections, 1835–1840
patent, 1878
use in 1992, 1840
"Union Scale"
article by Cheeseman, 1837–1838
article by Knights, 1838
article by Stein, T, 1807–1815
response by Newall, 1877
Unique egg see Speciality Mfg Co
unit 1, mark on wts, def, 331
unite see weights, denomination, unite
United States Torsion Balance & Scale Co
American sc mkr, 997
dates, 997
succeeded by Springer Torsion Balance Co, 997
successors of Torsion Balance & Scale Co, 997
United Yeast Co Ltd, bread, sc mkr, 1089
Univ Oxon (Oxford University), 1929
Universal Cambrist by Kelly (review), 188
Universal Postal Union, 353
Universal Trade name, Kahlert Mfg Co, 1314
"Unknown CCD" (article by Newman), 2759–2765
"Unpatented American Counterfeit Coin Detectors" (article by Mallis), 2059–2066
unstable weighbeam see Accelerating beam
"Unusual 1640s Coin Scale" (article by Biggs & Vangroenweghe), 1549–1552
Ur Maul trade name, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1660
US Coin Scales and Mechanical Counterfeit Coin Detectors (review), 2411–2412
US Coinage Act of Apr. 2, 1792, 2536
US Dollar weights, 2402, 2445
marked BP, 2402
marked F & S, 2445
marked FS, 2445
US Machine & Invention Co, 2426–2427
US Patent & Trademark Office, 2427
"US Patents 1837-1865" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2663–2671
"US Patents 1866-1870" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2696–2700
"US Patents 1871-1873" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2726–2728
"US Patents 1873-1877" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2747–2755
"US Patents 1877-1879" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2779–2784
"US Patents 1881-1882" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2808–2811
"US Patents 1882-1885" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2840–2844
"US Patents 1886-1888" (article by Willard & Berning), 2868–2871
"US Patents 1889" (article), 2900
"US Patents 1890" (article), 2928
Usines de la Mulatière, 2480
Utilia see Perfas
V
V I D see weights, denomination, sixpence
V I D ANGEL, on wts, 1355
V I D IR M BRIT, on wts, 1355
V R crowned, 21
monarchs' marks, 20
V R W, mark on wts, 122
V S see weights, denomination, crown; weights, denomination, half-angel; weights, denomination, laurel
V S CAROL REX, on wts, 1355
V S VI D
on coin wts, 1014
see also weights, denomination, crown; weights, denomination, half-angel
V spring bal
def, 341
date, 468, 494
see also spring bal, V
V-spring mkr
C G, 1874
E H, 1875
F H, 1875
I crowned, 1875
I L, 1875
J B G, 1875
L B & flower, 1875
Le Termelier A G T E, 1875
Lisicaux, 1875
O L B, 1875
P F, 1875
Régnier, 2231
Samon, 1875
V V design, platform sc, 657, 693
Vacua
functions for, 2592
laboratory bal by Sartorius, 2542–2547, 2591, 2592, 2597
vacuum bal mkr
Oertling, Ludwig, 2080
Sartorius, 2542–2547, 2591
vacuum weighing, reasons for, 2592–2593
Vaid, DL, Indian sc mkr, 2420
Val-U-Scale, 2449–2450
Valent's "Collecting European Coin-Scales" (article), 2395–2400
Valette fils, patentee, 1370, 1374
Van Berkel see Berkel
van Reymerswaele, Marinus, painter, 2395
Vancouver Importing Co, egg sc retailer, 1279
Vandenbergh, E T, patentee, 454
Vandome, 2438
bankers sc mkr, 592
coin sc mkr, 592
diamond sc mkr, 592
grain sc mkr, 592
paper sc mkr, 592
weighing machine mkr, 592
wts mkr, 592
Vandome, Richard, 392, 592, 2857–2858
apprentice of Moffett, James, 1585
coin sc mkr, 1734
dates, 592
employed Driver, John Samuel, 1734
master of Bastick, Richard (not Thomas), 1734
master of Driver, John Samuel, 1734
master of Gore, Thomas Hunsdon, 1734
owner of Standard Troy pound, 391–392
partner of Blackburn, John I, 1734
postal sc mkr, 2857–2860
sc mkr, 3089
succeeded by Vandome, Titfords & Co, 1734
successor of Vandome, Richard & Co, 1734
Vandome, Richard & Co
coin sc mkr, 1734
dates, 1734
succeeded by Vandome, Richard, 1734
successors of Vandome & New, 1734
Vandome, Titfords & Co, 592, 2159
dates, 592, 1731
grain sc mkr, 1734
succeeded by Titfords & Co, 1734
successors of Vandome, Richard, 1734
see also catalogue
Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 2314
dates, 1734
paper sc mkr, 1692, 1703–1704
succeeded by Vandome & Hart Ltd, 1734
successors of Vandome, Titfords & Pawson, 1734
successors of Williams, William & Sons, 1731
Vandome, Titfords & Pawson, 592, 2314, 2857, 2859
dates, 1734
diamond sc mkr, 1734
retailer Vaid, D L, 2314
succeeded by Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 1734
successors of Titford & Co, 1734
Vandome, Richard & Titford, William & Titford, Arthur & Pawson, Henry, 1734
Vandome & Blackburn, Vandome, Richard & Blackburn, John I, 1734
Vandome & Co, 592
combined with Hart, David & Co, 1730
dates, 592
successors of New & Co, 1734
Vandome & Hart, successor of Poupard, Thomas James, 1737
Vandome & Hart Ltd, 392, 592, 2129
Arbiter, 1704
dates, 1730
half owned by Corderoy, Edward, 1733
paper sc mkr, 1690, 1692, 1704
succeeded by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1730, 1734
succeeded by Herbert & Sons Ltd, 2129
successors of Hart, David & Co, 1730, 1734
successors of Hunt & Co (Scales) Ltd, 1730
successors of Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 1734
see also catalogue
Vandome & New
succeeded by Vandome, Richard & Co, 1734
Vandome, Richard & New, William, 1734
Vangroenweghe & Biggs' "Unusual 1640s Coin Scale" (article), 1549–1552
Vangroenweghe & Geldof's Pondera Medicinalia (1989) (review), 1297–1299
Vardy see Dixon & Vardy
variable beam steelyard, 339, 341, 409, 454, 480, 530, 758, 1029
variable poise, Prutscher A, 1029
Variety Works, counter steelyard mkr, 2884–2891
"The Variety Works Scale, an American Puzzle" (article by Beare), 2884–2891
Vaughton, Christopher, 246
apprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729, 1737
dates, 1737
master of Baverstock, George, 1737
master of Smith, Joseph, 1737
velvet, brown & cream, 1507
Vendome & Hart Ltd, 2129
Venema (1862), reprint, 65
Venema (author), 65
Venot, C-spring mkr, 1876
Vents, def, 137, 138
Verein zur Beförderung des Gewerbefleiβes in Preuβen (1875), 2272, 2276
verification, 136–138, 713–716
document, 1342
verification marks, 27, 237, 250, 2995–2997
def, 341
APCIO, 2996
articles by Biggs, 1891–1896, 1924–1930, 1955–1961, 1977–1983, 2031–2037
articles by Crawforth, 20–24, 43–48, 67–72, 85, 90–96
Giralda, 2995
Hortyz, 2995
lead plug, 1343
lead seal, 1159, 1343
moulded, 1159
obliteration, 260, 294, 297
Orkney, 1344–1345
OTZ, 2996
on pewter, 1343–1344
sand-blasted, 1159
Spanish, 2995–2997
wood plug, 1159
verification of wts
by Lindsey C C, 1341–1343
by Plumbers Co, 581, 583
by police, 1160
Vermeer's painting, Woman holding a Balance, 742
Vermont Expo Fairgrounds, 3071, 3074
Vermont Historical Society, 2191
vernier graduations, 235–236
Vertex Industries Inc
dairy sc, 1000
dates, 1000
dial-reading sc, 1000
electronic analytical sc, 1000, 1003
electronic top-loading sc, 1000, 1003
high capacity analytical sc, 1000
optical projection sc, 1000
prescription sc, 1000
substitution bal, 1003
successors of Becker, Christian Inc, 1000
Torbal Division, 1000
Veteran Scales & Balances by Jewell (review), 139, 189
vibrating beam, 2603
def, 341, 2603
see also Accelerating beam
vibrating counter roberval sc, Day & Millward, 1442
vibrating counter sc, 2470
vibrating inverted roberval sc, Avery, W & T Ltd, 1453
vibrating sc, 289
Vickery, C
postal sc retailers, 1407
spring bal retailer, 1407
Victor, trade mark see Triner
Victoria I, coinage, 915
Victoria wts see weight, shape
Victorian letter sc see Postal sc
Vieweg (author), 749
Vikings, weighing practices, 1326
Vincent, James
apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729, 1732
coin sc mkr, 1729
connection with Vincent, Robert III?, 1732
dates, 1733
partner of Chancellor, Thomas, 1733
partner of Vincent, Robert II, 1733
sc mkr, 3088
son of Vincent, Robert II (line omitted), 1732
succeeded by Vincent & Chancellor, 1733
successor of Vincent, R & I, 1733
Vincent, R & I
inspectors sc mkr, 1733
succeeded by Vincent, James, 1733
successors of Vincent, Robert II, 1733
Vincent, Robert II & Vincent, James, 1733
Vincent, Robert & Son
coin sc mkr, 1733
dates, 1733
succeeded by Vincent, Robert II, 1733
successors of Vincent, Robert I, 1733
Vincent, Robert I & Vincent, Robert II, 1733
Vincent, Robert I
date, 1733
father of Vincent, Robert II, 1733
member of Haberdashers Co, 1727
partner of Vincent, Robert II, 1733
succeeded by Vincent, Robert & Son, 1733
Vincent, Robert II
coin sc mkr, 208
dates, 1730, 1732
father of Vincent, James (line omitted), 1732
master of Allmond, George, 1729, 1732
master of Chancellor, Thomas, 1729, 1733
master of Dutton, James, 1729, 1733
master of Leveritt, William, 1740
master of Lewis, William, 1729, 1733
master of Partridge, John, 1729, 1732
master of Passer, Henry, 1732
master of Reynolds, Joseph, 1729, 1733
master of Ridgard, Joseph, 1729, 1733
master of Skinner, William, 1729, 2066
master of Snart, Charles, 1729, 1730
master of Vincent, James, 1729, 1732
partner of Vincent, James, 1733
partner of Vincent, Robert I, 1733
son of Vincent, Robert I, 1733
succeeded by Vincent, R & I, 1733
sucessor of Vincent, Robert & Son, 1733
Vincent, Robert III
connection with Vincent, James?, 1732
dates, 1732
succeeded by Vincent, Thomas, 1732
Vincent, Thomas
dates, 1732
sc & wts mkr, 1732
successor of Vincent, Robert III, 1732
Vincent & Chancellor
coin sc mkr, 1733
dates, 1733
succeeded by Dutton & Smith, 1733
successor of Vincent, James, 1733
Vinci, L de, inventor, 572–574
Violet, Thomas, coin wts mkr, 1013
Violette, Larry, 3071
violin shaped cases see box
violin wts see weight, shape, violin
Virginia W & M, 1136
Visser's "Harrison ccd" (letter), 446
"Vive la Diffèrence" (article by Knights), 2438–2441
Vizer, Thomas, paperer for George Washington, 2536
vocabulary, 2571
Vogt see Klippert, Vogt & Weiland
Voland & Sons, assay bal mkr, 2498
volumetric measure, bushel, 989
von der Nahmer, retailer for Salter, 2240
Vorley's Arabic Glass wts, 160–162
W
"W & L E Gurley Troy, NY" (article by Beyreis), 2964–2966
W & M see Weights & Measures
W & M regulations
1878, 1835–1836
1907, 961
W & T A see Avery, W & T
W & T Avery Ltd, jewellers bal mkr, 1457
W C
engraver, 1013
mark on wts, 1013
wts, 638
W E
possibly E W, 1907
postal sc mkr, 1907
see also EW
W F Stimpson Co, Mi sc mkr, 3034
W IV lion mark (York), 1928
W L, Irish coin wts mkr?, 1824
W R crowned, 24
W T (Tongue, William), 1508
waage, word first used in Germany, 641
Waddy, William, steelyard mkr or owner?, 1791
Wade (author), 169
Wade, John, coin wt mkr, 1043
Wade, Thomas
apprentice of Freeman, Samuel II, 1737
dates, 1737
master of Pixley, Thomas II, 1737
wage, word last used in Germany, 641
Wage's "Treating Rust" (letter), 280
waggon sc mkr (for use on), Chatillon, John & Sons, 1596
waggon weighing, 655
Wagner see Koch, Fuge & Wagner
Wagner, C Ernst
dates, 1921
German sc mkr, 1921
succeeded by Wagner & Co, 1921
successors of Koch, Fuge & Wagner, 1921
Wagner, Deborah Jean, biography, 3096
Wagner, Ernst Karl, owner of Koch, Fuge & Wagner, 1921
Wagner & Co
dates, 1921
German sc mkr, 1921
owned by Schut, Ludwig, 1921
successor of Wagner, C Ernst, 1921
successors of Koch, C Ernst, 1921
Wagstaffe, Thomas, exporter, 1491–1493
wainscot box see box, MUB
Wakefield mark, 1960
Wakeman's horn (Ripon mark), 1972
Walker
hydrostatic sc designer, 1033
moving load sc inventor, 1033
Walker, A & Co Ltd
self indicating sc mkr, 709
shop sc mkr, 709
Walker, Catherine
dates, 1737
succeeded by Candle, George, 1737
successor of Walker, Edward, 1737
widow of Walker, Edward, 1737
Walker, Driver & Sons
successors of Walker, Driver & Warmisham, 1733
successors of Walker, Jonathan & Son, 1733
Walker, Driver & Warmisham
at same address as Allchin, Henry & Co Ltd, 1733
at same address as Miles & Co, 1733
succeeded by Walker, Driver & Sons, 1733
successors of Warmisham & Shepherd, 1733
Walker, Edward
apprentice of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1737
dates, 1737
husband of Walker, Catherine, 1737
succeeded by Walker, Catherine, 1737
Walker, geologists sc designer, 1033
Walker, Jonathan
1826-69, 1733
succeeded by Walker, Jonathan & Son, 1733
Walker, Jonathan & Son
dates, 1733
succeeded by Walker, Driver & Sons, 1733
successors of Walker, Jonathan, 1733
walking stick sc, 298
wall-mounted sc, 1657, 1692
Waller, postal sc retailers, 938
Walley, coin sc retailer, 282
Walter, Hubert (distributor of W & M), 1891
Walton, Christopher, dates, 1723
Walzman Farm, successor to Bedell Farm, 3081–3082
"Wandering Weights" (article by Knights), 1341–1345
wapentake, division of county, 1924
ward (division of county), 1925
Ward, Callingwood
coin sc mkr, 496, 500–502, 1066, 1508
coin wts mkr, 1062, 1066, 1508
dates, 1508
Ward, Montgomery & Co, egg sc mkr, 383–384, 1279, 1282
Ward, T H
crane weigher patentee, 1931
patentee, 1931
Warden of Standards, started 1866, 2076
"Wardmote Inquest" (article by Pyne), 729
warehouse sc
mkr
Bourne & Smith, 136
Chatillon, John & Sons, 333, 337
Fairbanks, 109, 992
Fairbanks & Co, 86, 107, 992
Marriott, Henry, 1883
spring, 333–337
steelyard, 109
see also Platform sc, warehouse
Waren, Joseph
also spelled Warren, 1508
coin sc mkr, 1508
dates, 1508
Warmisham, Cocksedge & Co
dates, 1733
successors of Cocksedge & Co, 1733
successors of Warmisham & Shepherd, 1733
Warmisham, Samuel
apothecary sc mkr, 1733
shops in London & Ipswich, 1733
succeeded by Warmisham & Shepherd, 1733
successor of Dougall, R, 1733
Warmisham & Shepherd
date, 1733
succeeded by Walker, Driver & Warmisham, 1733
succeeded by Warmisham, Cocksedge & Co, 1733
successors of Warmisham, Samuel, 1733
Warner, Deborah Jean, 2239
Warner, John, dates, 1726
Warner, Thomas
collaborator with Henry, Solomon, 1723
date, 1723
Warner's "The Harvard Trip Scale" (article), 3092–3096
warp see cloth sc
WARRANTED CURRENT WEIGHT, on coin wts, 1127–1132
Warren, James
coin sc retailer, 1845
dates, 1845
I W mark on wts, 1845
I W silver mark, 1845
J W J entwined, mark on wts, 501, 1845
J W silver mark, 1845
master of Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1755, 1845
official wts mkr for Ireland, 1755
weights, mkr, J W J, 501–502
wts, 499, 502, 560–561
Warren, Joseph see Waren, Joseph
Warren & Co, gold sc retailer, 152
Washburn, A L, coin operated sc patentee, 2457
Washington, George (US President), 2536
wastage, def, 1690
wastel bread, 1052
wata bakari see steelyard
water wts see weights, purpose, hydrostatical
Waterlow, Sydney H
A frame on roberval scale, 3002–3003
addresses, 2998–2999
advertisement of, 3000
as apprentice, 2998
apprenticed to Harrison, Thomas, 2998
banker's scale retailer, 2999–3000, 3005–3006
printer, 2998
outlets of, 2998–2999
retailer for DeGrave, 2999–3000
retailer for Mordan, 2999–3000
retailer for Ratcliff, 2999–3000
retailer for Winfield, 2999–3000
skeleton balance retailer, 2999–3002
soverign sc retailer, 2999–3000
Winfield candlestick retailer, 2999–3000
Waterlow & Bros, succeeded by Waterlow Bros & Layton, 3002
Waterlow & Sons
A frame postal, W & S frame on, 3003–3004, 3006
bank scale, 3000, 3002–3005
box-ends on, 3000, 3002
cord lift on, 3000, 3002
description of, 3000, 3002
feet on, 3000, 3002
bank scale retailers, 3000, 3002–3005
candlestick scale retailers, 2999–3000
dial-face postal sc retailer, 3003
encased roberval sc retailer, 3003
half-roberval sc retailer, 3003
half-roberval with hanging pan, 3003–3006
hanging pan sc retailer, 3003
parcel sc retailer, 1486, 3003–3004, 3006
postal sc retailers, 1480, 1486
retailers for DeGrave, 2999–3000
retailers for Mordan, S & Co, 2998
retailers for Ratcliff, J & E, 2998
retailers for Salter, 3003–3006
retailers for Winfield, 2999–3000
roberval sc retailer, 3003
sc made by Mordan, S & Co,
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