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References

WORKS CITED



The Birth of a Nation. Dir. D. W. Griffith. Republic, 1915.

Blade Runner. Dir. Ridley Scott. Warner Bros., 1982.

Bly, Robert. Iron John: A Book About Men. Reading, MA: Addison- Wesley, 1990.

Bukatman, Scott. Blade Runner. BFI Modern Classics. London: British Film Institute, 1997.

Corliss, Richard. "The Pleasures of Texture." Rev. o Blade Runner, dir. Ridley Scott. Time 12 July 1982: 68.

Davis, Mike. City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. New York: Verso, 1990.

Dempsey, Michael. Rev. of Blade Runner, dir. Ridley Scott. Film Quarterly 36.2 (1984): 33-38.

Dixon, Thomas. The Clansman: An Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1905.

Dower, John W. War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War. New York: Pantheon, 1986.

Ezekiel, Raphael S. The Racist Mind: Portraits of American Neo-Nazis and Kiansmen. New York: Viking, 1995.

Fancher, Hampton and David Webb Peoples. Blade Runner: Screenplay. Hollywood, CA: Script City, 1981.

Fisher, Philip. Sail the New World: American Literature in a Culture of Creative Destruction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Girard, René. Deceit, Desire, and the Novel: Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965.

Gordon, Lewis R. Her Majesty's Other Children: Sketches of Racism from a Neocolonial Age. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997.

Harvey, David. The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989.

Kael, Pauline. "Baby the Rain Must Fall." Rev. of Blade Runner, dir. Ridley Scott. For Keeps. New York: Dutton Signet, 1994. 944-49.

Kolb, William M. "Blade Runner Film Notes." Retrofitting Blade Runner: Issues in Ridley Scott's Blade Runner and Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Ed. Judith B. Kerman. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1991. 154-77.

Krauthammer, Charles. "Do We Really Need a New Enemy?" Time 23 March 1992: 76.

Lee, Robert G. Orientals: Asian Americans in Popular Culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999.

Levi-Strauss, Claude. The Elementary Structures of Kinship. Boston: Beacon, 1969.

Lightman, Herb and Richard Patterson. "Blade Runner: Production Design and Photography." American Cinematographer 63.7 (1982): 684-91, 715-25.

Lowe, Lisa Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996.

Morrow, Lance. "Japan in the Mind of America." Time 10 February 1992: 16.

"Mr. Gephardt's Irresponsible Economics." New York Times 22 December 1991: E10.

Peary, Danny. "Directing Alien and Blade Runner: An Interview with Ridley Scott." Omni' s Screen Flights, Screen Fantasies: The Future According to Science Fiction Cinema. Ed. Danny Peary. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1984. 293-302.

Rogin, Michael. '"The Sword Became a Flashing Vision': D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation." Representations 9 (1985): 150-95.

Rothenberg, Randall. "Ads That Bash the Japanese: Just Jokes or Veiled Racism?" New York Times 11 July 1990: A1.

Rubin, Gayle. "The Traffic in Women: Notes on the 'Political Economy' of Sex." Toward an Anthropology of Women. Ed. Rayna R. Reiter. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975. 157-210.

Sammon, Paul M. Future Noir: The Making of Blade Runner. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Savran, David. Taking It Like a Man: White Masculinity, Masochism, and Contemporary American Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.

Sedgwick, Eve. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.

Shepard, Sam. Buried Child. New York: Urizen Books, 1979.

Silverman, Kaja. "Back to the Future." Camera Obscura 27 (1991): 109-32.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom's Cabin: Or, Life Among the Lowly. 1852. New York: Signet Classic/Penguin, 1998.

Williams, Linda. "Versions of Uncle Tom: Race and Gender in American Melodrama." New Scholarship from BFl Research. Ed. Duncan Petrie and Colin MacCabe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996. 111-39.

Winters, Kari J. Subjects of Slavery , Agents of Change: Women and Power in Gothic Novels and Slave Narratives, 1790-1865. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992.

Author Affiliation

BRIAN LOCKE teaches comparative race studies and cultural studies for the Union Institute & University.

Copyright Arizona Quarterly Winter 2009

Word count: 10530



1 See Davis (88, 104-5, 144), Harvey (310-01), Lee (195), and Lowe (84, 86).

2 See Silverman, Bukatman (76).

3 The face and voice are reminiscent of Mickey Rooney's portrayal of the Japanese pervert in Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961).

4 It also parallels Mary Shelley's attempt, through the monster, "to give voice to those people . . . condemned as alien, inferior, or monstrous solely because of physical features (such as sex or race) or material conditions (such as poverty)" (Winters 51).

5 In the poem, Blake's voice rages for a dismantling of the established order.

6 In the same interview, Scott links Batty's rescue of Deckard to the topic of systematic black oppression. "[I]n a sense he is saving Deckard for something, to pass on the information that what the makers are doing is wrong - either the answer is not to make them at all, or deal with them as human beings. Obviously there are parallels to Apartheid and all sorts of things" (KoIb 169).

7 In the standard bonding scenario, mimetic rivalry creates the dynamic between the two men. See Girard. Other critics have written extensively on this topic, including Lévi-Strauss (115), Sedgwick, and Rubin.

8 For a history of the "Yellow Peril" in the Western imagination, see Dower.


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