Accounting technicians scheme west africa
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- 103 2. Planning is goal-orientation
| A.2 Definition of Planning Planning is a process of preparing a set of decisions for future actions directed at achieving goals by optimal means, hence, planning is the main function of management. According to Drucker (1968), planning deals with what has to be done today to be ready for tomorrow. Perhaps, there is no need for planning if the future is reasonably known. As noted by Banga and Sharma (2008), planning is a mental process requiring the use of intellectual faculties, imagination, foresight, sound judgment, etc. to decide in advance as to what is to be done, how and where is to be done, who will do it and how the results are to be evaluated. In other words, planning is the process of thinking before doing. Planning means to assess the future and make provisions for it. A.3 Nature and characteristics of planning In addition, planning involves application of mind by the manager to decide actions to be adopted for the realization of organizational objectives. Based on the above, nature and characteristics of planning maybe stated as follows 1. Planning is an intellectual process Planning is an intellectual and rational process. Planning is a mental exercise involving imagination, foresight and sound judgement. It requires a mental disposition of thinking before acting in the light of facts rather than guess. The quality of planning depends upon the abilities of the managers who are required to collect all relevant facts, analyse and interpret them in a correct way. How far into the future a manager can see and with how much clarity he will depend on his intellectual calibre, are chalked out through planning process. In thinking of objectives, alternative courses of action and, above all, in making decision for choosing certain alternatives, the planner goes through an intellectual process. 103 2. Planning is goal-orientation: All planning is linked up with certain goals and objectives. It follows, therefore, that every plan must contribute in some positive way to the accomplishment of group objectives. Planning has no meaning without being related to goals and objectives. It must bridge the gap between where we are and where we want to goat the minimum cost. Download 3.37 Mb. Share with your friends:
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