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The leader as purveyor of rewards and punishment
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- The leader as substitute for individual responsibility
- The leaders as father figure
| The leader as purveyor of rewards and punishment: Control over group members by the power to provide rewards and apply punishments. h) The leader as arbitrator and mediator: Controls interpersonal conflict within the group i) The leader as exemplar: A model of behaviour for members of the group, setting an example. j) The leader as symbol of the group: Enhancing group unity by providing some kind of cognitive focus and establishing the group as a distinct entity. k) The leader as substitute for individual responsibility: Relieves the individual member of the group from the necessity of, and responsibility for, personal decisions. lb The leader as ideologist Serving as the source of beliefs, values and standards of behaviour for individual members of the group. m) The leaders as father figure: Serving as focus for the positive emotional feelings of individual members and the object for identification and transference. n) The leader as scapegoat: Serving as a target for aggression and hostility of the group, accepting blame in the cause of failure. B.3 Leadership styles Leadership style represents the attitude or behaviour which a leader exhibits or demonstrates during supervision of subordinates. Leadership style can also be referred to as the way in which the functions of leadership are carried out, the way in which the manager typically behaves towards members of the group (Mullins, 1996). Attention to the manager’s style of leadership has come about because of a greater understanding of the needs and expectations of people at work. It has been influenced by such factors as • increasing business competitiveness and recognition of efficient use of human resources, • changes in the value system of society, • broader standards or education and training, • advance in scientific and technical knowledge, • the influence of trade unions, • pressure fora greater social responsibility towards employees, • Government legislation, etc. There are many dimensions to leadership and many possible ways of describing leadership style, such as, for example, dictatorial, unitary, bureaucratic, benevolent, charismatic, consultative, participative, and autocratic. The style of managerial leadership towards subordinates and the focus of power can be classified within abroad threefold heading these area) The authoritarian (or autocratic) style b) The democratic style. 297 c) Laissez-faire Leadership style ab The Autocratic Style This is where the focus of power is with the manager and all interactions within the group move towards the manager. Also, an autocratic leader centralizes power and decision making to himself and exercises complete control over the subordinates. He holds over the head of his subordinates the threat of penalties and punishment. He sets the group goals and structures the work. He runs his own show. Such a leader gives orders and the subordinates are to follow the orders unquestioningly. He is like a theory X leader. b) Download 3.37 Mb. Share with your friends:
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