Acknowledging using our iris-related facilities and Data as of December 2016, updated August 2017

De Angelis, S., D. Fee, M. Haney, and D. Schneider (2012), 'Detecting hidden volcanic explosions from Mt. Cleveland Volcano, Alaska with infrasound and ground-coupled airwaves', Geophysical Research Letters, 39(21), p. n/a

De Angelis, S., S.R. McNutt, and P.W. Webley (2011), 'Evidence of atmospheric gravity waves during the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano from seismic and remote sensing observations', Geophysical Research Letters, 38(L10303), p. 6 pp. doi: 10.1029/2011GL047144

De Barros, L., F. Martini, C.J. Bean, A. Garcia-Yeguas, and J. Ibáñez (2012), 'Imaging magma storage below Teide volcano (Tenerife) using scattered seismic wavefields', Geophysical Journal International, 191(2), p. 695-706 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05637.x

de Berc, M.B., A. Maggi, J.-J. Leveque, and J.-Y. Thore (2015), 'Designing a new post-hole seismological station on Antarctica inlandsis (Concordia station)', AGU Fall Meeting 2015, abstract #S33D-2804, p

De Caro, M., S. Monna, F. Frugoni, L. Beranzoli, and P. Favali (2014), 'Seafloor Seismic Noise at Central Eastern Mediterranean Sites', Seismological Research Letters, 85(5), p. 1019-1033 doi: 10.1785/0220130203

de Groot, R.M., and S.F. McGill (2011), 'Teachers Using Continuous GPS Data to Learn About Earthquakes - Sharing Research Results in the Classroom Through Lesson Study', AGU, Fall Meeting 2011, abstract #ED33C-04, 33, p. 04

de Groot-Hedlin, C., and M. Hedlin (2014), 'USArray recordings of infrasound generated by the Chelyabinsk Meteor and other, smaller bolides', EGU General Assembly 2014, held 27 April - in Vienna, Austria, id.8823, p

de Groot-Hedlin, C., and M. Hedlin (2014), USArray recordings of infrasound generated by the Chelyabinsk Meteor and other, smaller bolides, paper presented at EGU General Assembly 2014, held 27 April-2 May,in Vienna, Austria, id.8823

de Groot-Hedlin, C., and M. Hedlin (2015), Detection of Gravity Waves and Infrasound Signals at the USArray, in EGU General Assembly 2015, held 12-17 April,in Vienna, Austria. Id 8077, edited, p. 8077

de Groot-Hedlin, C.D., and M.A.H. Hedlin (2015), 'A method for detecting and locating geophysical events using groups of arrays', Geophysical Journal International, 203(2), p. 960-971 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggv345

De Groot-Hedlin, C., M.H. Hedlin, and K. Walker (2011), 'Finite difference synthesis of infrasound propagation through a windy, viscous atmosphere: application to a bolide explosion detected by seismic networks', Geophysical Journal International, 185(1), p. 305 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04925.x

de Groot-Hedlin, C.D. (2013), 'Infrasound Studies at the USArray (Invited)', AGU Fall Meeting 2013, abstract #S14A-02, 14, p. 02

de Groot-Hedlin, C.D., and M.A. Hedlin (2013), 'Infrasound from the Chelyabinsk Meteor recorded at the USArray', AGU Fall Meeting 2013, abstract #NH23D-1560, 23, p. 1560

de Groot-Hedlin, C.D., and M.A. Hedlin (2014), 'Infrasound detection of the Chelyabinsk meteor at the USArray', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1, p. 1-9 doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.031

de Groot-Hedlin, C.D., M.A.H. Hedlin, and K.T. Walker (2014), 'Detection of gravity waves across the USArray: A case study', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 402, p. 346-352 doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.042

de Grout-Hedlin, C.D., and F.L. Vernon (1998), 'An evolutionary programming method for estimating layered velocity structure', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 88, p. 1023-1035

De Hoop, M.V., R.D. van der Hilst, P. Wang, L. Tenorio, and P. Ma (2006), 'Imaging and characterizing structure in Earth's deep interior', AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 42, p. 04

de Kool, M., and B.L.N. Kennett (2014), 'Practical Earthquake Location on a Continental Scale in Australia Using the AuSREM 3D Velocity Model', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 104(6), p. 2755-2767 doi: 10.1785/0120140105

De La Torre, T., A.F. Sheehan, and F. Blume (2002), 'Broadband Seismic Noise Analysis of the Himalayan Nepal Tibet Seismic Experiment', EOS Transactions, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 71, p. 1055

De la Torre, T.L., G. Monsalve, A.F. Sheehan, S. Sapkota, and F. Wu (2007), 'Earthquake processes of the Himalayan collision zone in eastern Nepal and the southern Tibetan Plateau', Geophysical Journal International, 171(2), p. 718-738 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03537.x

De la Torre, T.L., and A.F. Sheehan (2005), 'Broadband Seismic Noise Analysis of the Himalayan Nepal Tibet Seismic Experiment', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95(3), p. 1202-1208

De Lauro, E., S. De Martino, M. Falanga, and M. Palo (2009), 'Modelling the macroscopic behavior of Strombolian explosions at Erebus volcano', Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 176(3-4), p. 174-186

De Matteis, R., and V. Convertito (2015), 'Near‐Real‐Time Ground‐Motion Updating for Earthquake Shaking Prediction', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105(1), p. 400-408 doi: 10.1785/0120140145

De Matteis, R., E. Matrullo, L. Rivera, T.A. Stabile, G. Pasquale, and A. Zollo (2012), 'Fault Delineation and Regional Stress Direction from the Analysis of Background Microseismicity in the southern Apennines, Italy', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 102(4), p. 1899-1907 doi: 10.1785/0120110225

de Michele, M., D. Raucoules, F. Rolandone, P. Briole, J. Salichon, A. Lemoine, and H. Aochi (2011), 'Spatiotemporal evolution of surface creep in the Parkfield region of the San Andreas Fault (1993-2004) from synthetic aperture radar', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 308(1-2), p. 141-150 doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.031

De Plaen, R.S. M., I.D. Bastow, E.L. Chambers, D. Keir, R.J. Gallacher, and J. Keane (2014), 'The development of magmatism along the Cameroon Volcanic Line: Evidence from seismicity and seismic anisotropy', Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 119, p. 4233-4252 doi: 10.1002/2013JB010583

De Siena, L., C. Thomas, and R. Aster (2014), 'Multi-scale reasonable attenuation tomography analysis (MuRAT): An imaging algorithm designed for volcanic regions', Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 277, p. 22-35 doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.03.009

De Siena, L., C. Thomas, G.P. Waite, S.C. Moran, and S. Klemme (2014), 'Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens', Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 119(11), p. 8223-8238 doi: 10.1002/2014JB011372

De Silva, S., G. Zandt, R.T. Trumble, J.G. Viramonte, G. Salas, and N. Jimenez (2006), 'Large Ignimbrite eruptions and volcano-tectonic depressions in the Central Andes: a thermomechanical perspective, from:TROISE, C., DE NATALE, G. and KILBURN, C.R.J (eds), Mechanims of Activity and Unrest at Large Calderas', Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 269, p. 47-63

De Silva, S., G. Zandt, R. Trumbull, and J.G. Viramonte (2006), 'Large-Scale silicic volcanism - The result of thermal maturation of the crust', Advances in Geosciences, 1(21), p. 215-230

de Wit, R.W.L., A.P. Valentine, and J. Trampert (2013), 'Bayesian inference of Earth's radial seismic structure from body-wave traveltimes using neural networks', Geophysical Journal International, 195(1), p. 408-422 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggt220

Debayle, E. (1999), 'SV-wave azimuthal anisotropy in the Australian upper mantle: Preliminary results from automated Rayleigh waveform inversion', Geophysical Journal International, 137, p. 747-754

Debayle, E., and F. Dubuffet (2014), 'Toward Near Real-Time Tomography of the Upper Mantle', AGU Fall Meeting 2014, abstract #S32A-02, 32, p. 02

Debayle, E., B. Kennett, and K. Priestley (2005), 'Global azimuthal seismic anisotropy and the unique plate-motion deformation of Australia ', Nature, 433, p. 509-512

Debayle, E., and B.L.N. Kennett (2000), 'The Australian continental upper mantle: Structure and deformation inferred from surface waves', Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, p. 25423-25450

Debayle, E., and B.L.N. Kennett (2000), 'Anisotropy in the Australasian upper mantle from Love and Rayleigh waveform inversions', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 184, p. 339-351

Debayle, E., J.-J. Leveque, and M. Cara (2001), 'Seismic evidence for a deeply rooted low-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle beneath the northeastern Afro/Arabian continent', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 193(no.3), p. 423-436

Debayle, E., and J.J. Leveque (1997), 'Upper mantle heterogeneities in the Indian Ocean from waveform inversion', Geophysical Research Letters, 24(3), p. 245-248

Debayle, E., and Y. Ricard (2012), 'A global shear velocity model of the upper mantle from fundamental and higher Rayleigh mode measurements', Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B10), p. n/a doi: 10.1029/2012JB009288

Debayle, E., and Y. Ricard (2013), 'Seismic observations of large-scale deformation at the bottom of fast-moving plates', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 376(0), p. 165-177 doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.025

Debayle, E., and M. Sambridge (2004), 'Inversion of massive surface wave data sets: Model construction and resolution assessment', Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(B2), p. 1-20

Debayle, E., D. Sicilia, J.-J. Leveque, and M. Cara (2000), 'Shear wave structure of the upper mantle in the Northern Indian Ocean and surrounding regions', EOS Transactions, AGU, 81(48), p. 823

Debayle, E., B. Tauzin, C. Zaroli, G. Wittlinger, and M. Sambridge (2008), 'Global transition zone discontinuities and seismic heterogeneities from body-wave travel-times and long period surface waves', EOS Transactions, AGU Fall Meeting Supplement Abstract AN:S21A-1801, 89(21), p. 1801

Dec, M., P. Sroda, M. Tesauro, M. K. Kaban, and E. Perchuc (2013), 'Differences in the Upper Mantle Structure between 'Hot' and 'Cold' Areas in North America based on USArray Seismic Data along California - Virginia Profile', AGU Fall Meeting 2013, abstract #DI41A-2319, 41, p. 2319

DeCelles, P.G., M.N. Ducea, P. Kapp, and G. Zandt (2009), 'Cyclicity in Cordilleran orogenic systems', Nature Geoscience, 2, p. 251-257

Deceuster, J., O. Kaufmann, and M. Van Camp (2013), 'Automated identification of changes in electrode contact properties for long-term permanent ERT monitoring experiments', Geophysics, 78(2), p. E79-E94 doi: 10.1190/geo2012-0088.1

deGroot-Hedlin, C.D., M.A. Hedlin, and K.T. Walker (2012), 'Capturing the dynamics of gravity waves across the USArray Transportable Array (Invited)', AGU 2012 Fall Meeting, abstract #A52A-02, p

degroot-Hedlin, C.D., K. Walker, and M.A. Hedlin (2009), 'Seismo-acoustic events recorded at the USArray', AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 33, p. 03

deGroot-Hedlin, C.D., K.T. Walker, and M.A. Hedlin (2011), 'Evidence Of Nonlinear Infrasound Propagation From The 2010 El Mayor Rupture', AGU, Fall Meeting 2011, abstract #A31A-0036, 31, p. 0036

Del Pardo, C., B.R. Smith-Konter, and L.F. Serpa (2009), 'Stress Accumulation and Interseismic Deformation of the Death Valley Fault Zone', AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 23, p. 0690

Delaughter, J. (2005), 'EarthScope Education and Outreach: Exploiting the Synergies', EOS Transactions, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 86(52), p. 01

Della Vedova, B., J. Makris, U. S. ten Brink, and J. Zhang (1995), 'Crustal transect of the Transantarctica Mountains in the western Ross Sea area, Antarctica', EOS Transactions, AGU, 76(46), p. 551

Della Vedova, B., G. Pellis, H. Trey, J. Zhang, A.K. Cooper, J. Makris, and A.w. group (1996), Crustal structure of the Transantarctic Mountains, Western Ross Sea, Paper presented at VII ISAES Proceedings

Delorey, A.A., R.A. Dunn, and J.B. Gaherty (2004), 'Short-Period surface wave study of the upper mantle beneath the Reykjanes Ridge: Investigation of the effect of the Icelandic hotspot on Sub-Ridge mantle flow and melting', AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 31, p. 1430

Delorey, A.A., J. Vidale, J. Steim, and P. Bodin (2008), 'Broadband sensor nonlinearity during moderate shaking', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 98(3), p. 1595-1601 doi: 10.1785/0120070225

Delorey, A.A., and J.E. Vidale (2008), 'A slower and more dangerous Seattle basin - Application of noise correlation to shallow basin surface waves', EOS Transactions, AGU Fall Meeting Supplement Abstract AN:S31A-1874, 89(31), p. 1874

Delorey, A.A., and J.E. Vidale (2011), 'Basin Shear-Wave Velocities beneath Seattle, Washington, from Noise-Correlation Rayleigh Waves', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101(5), p. 2162-2175 doi: 10.1785/0120100260

Delouis, B., J. Charlety, and M. Vallee (2009), 'A method for rapid determination of moment magnitude Mw for moderate to large earthquakes from the near-field spectra of strong-motion records (MWSYNTH)', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(3), p. 1827-1840 doi; 10.1785/0120080234

Delouis, B., and D. Legrand (2007), 'Mw 7.8 Tarapaca intermediate depth earthquake of 13 June 2005 (northern Chile): Fault plane identification and slip distribution by waveform inversion', Geophysical Research Letters, 34(1), p. 1-6 doi: 10.1029/2006GL028193

Delouis, B., P. Lundgren, J. Salichon, D. Giardini, and (2000), 'Joint inversion of InSAR and teleseismic data for the slip history of the 1999 Izmit (Turkey) earthquake', Geophysical Research Letters, 27(20), p. 3389-3392

Delouis, B., T. Monfret, L. Dorbath, M. Pardo, L. Rivera, D. Comte, H. Haessler, J.P. Caminade, L. Ponce, E. Kausel, A. Cisternas (1997), 'The Mw=8.0 Antofagasta (Northern Chile) earthquake of 30 July 1995: A precursor to the end of the large 1877 gap', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87(2), p. 427-445

Delouis, B., J.M. Nocquet, and M. Vallée (2010), 'Slip distribution of the February 27, 2010 Mw = 8.8 Maule Earthquake, central Chile, from static and high-rate GPS, InSAR, and broadband teleseismic data', Geophysical Reseach Letters, 37(L17305), p. 5-1 - 5-7 doi: 10.1029/2010GL043899

Delouis, B., M. Pardo, D. Legrand, and T. Monfret (2009), 'The Mw 7.7 Tocopilla earthquake of 14 November 2007 at the Southern Edge of the Northern Chile seismic gap: Rupture in the deep part of the coupled plate interface', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(1), p. 87-94 doi: 10.1785/0120080192

Delouis, B., M. Vallée, M. Meghraoui, E. Calais, S. Maouche, K. Lammali, A. Mahsas, P. Briole, F. Benhamouda, and K. Yelles (2004), 'Slip distribution of the 2003 Boumerdes-Zemmouri earthquake, Algeria, from teleseismic, GPS, and coastal uplift data', Geophysical Research Letters, 31(18), p. 1-4

del Fresno, C., I. Domínguez Cerdeña, S. Cesca, and E. Buforn (2015), 'The 8 October 2011 Earthquake at El Hierro (Mw 4.0): Focal Mechanisms of the Mainshock and Its Foreshocks', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105(1), p. 330-340 doi: 10.1785/0120140151

Delaney, J.R. (2015), 'The First-ever Detection and Tracking of a Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanic Eruption Using the Recently Completed, NSF-Funded, Submarine Fiber-Optic Network in the Juan de Fuca Region', AGU Fall Meeting 2015, abstract #OS41B-06, p

Delescluse, M., T. Funck, S.A. Dehler, K.E. Louden, and L. Watremez (2015), 'The oceanic crustal structure at the extinct, slow to ultraslow Labrador Sea spreading center', Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 120(7), p. 5249-5272 doi: 10.1002/2014JB011739

Delph, J.R., C.B. Biryol, S.L. Beck, G. Zandt, and K.M. Ward (2015), 'Shear wave velocity structure of the Anatolian Plate: anomalously slow crust in southwestern Turkey', Geophysical Journal International, 202(1), p. 261-276 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggv141

Delph, J.R., and R.C. Porter (2015), 'Crustal structure beneath southern Africa: insight into how tectonic events affect the Mohorovičić discontinuity', Geophysical Journal International, 200(1), p. 254-264 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggu376

Delph, J.R., G. Zandt, and S.L. Beck (2015), 'A new approach to obtaining a 3D shear wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle: An application to eastern Turkey', Tectonophysics, 665, p. 92-100 doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.09.031

DeLucia, M., S. Marshak, W. Guenthner, C. Abert, T.H. Larson, X. Yang, G.L. Pavlis, M.W. Hamburger, C. Chen, and H. Gilbert (2015), 'Surface Manifestation of the Ste. Genevieve Fault Zone, Missouri: Polyphase Kinematics, and Landscape Rejuvenation, along the Ozark Plateau / Illinois Basin Boundary', AGU Fall Meeting 2015, abstract #T11D-2926, p

Delucia, M., S. Marshak, W. Guenthner, C. Abert, T.H. Larson, X. Yang, G.L. Pavlis, M.W. Hamburger, C. Chen, and H. Gilbert (2015), 'Tectonic activity at the boundary between bordering basins and the midcontinent block in the USA cratonic platform: hints from analysis of the Ozark Dome - Illinois Basin boundary', 2015 GSA Annual Meeting in Baltimore, Maryland, USA (1-4 November 2015) Paper No. 182-4, p

Delvigne, C., D. Cardinal, A. Hofmann, and L. Andréa (2012), 'Stratigraphic changes of Ge/Si, REE+Y and silicon isotopes as insights into the deposition of a Mesoarchaean banded iron formation', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 355-356(0), p. 109-118 doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.035

DeMets, C., B. Márquez-Azúa, and E. Cabral-Cano (2014), 'A new GPS velocity field for the Pacific Plate – Part 2: implications for fault slip rates in western California', Geophysical Journal International, 199(3), p. 1900-1909 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggu347

Demina, I.M. (2014), 'Topographic heterogeneity of the core-mantle boundary in subduction zones and its effect on kinematics of main geomagnetic field sources', Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 54(2), p. 253-262 doi: 10.1134/S0016793214020078

Deng, K., and Y. Zhou (2015), 'Wave diffraction and resolution of mantle transition zone discontinuities in receiver function imaging', Geophysical Journal International, 201(3), p. 2008-2025 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggv124

Deng, Y., W. Shen, T. Xu, and M.H. Ritzwoller (2015), 'Crustal layering in northeastern Tibet: a case study based on joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion', Geophysical Journal International, 203(1), p. 692-706 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggv321

Denolle, M.A., W. Fan, and P.M. Shearer (2015), 'Dynamics of the 2015 M7.8 Nepal earthquake', Geophysical Research Letters, 42(18), p. 2015GL065336 doi: 10.1002/2015GL065336

Ding, H., and B.F. Chao (2015), 'Data stacking methods for isolation of normal-mode singlets of Earth's free oscillation: Extensions, comparisons, and applications', Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(7), p. 5034-5050 doi: 10.1002/2015JB012025

Ding, K., J.T. Freymueller, Q. Wang, and R. Zou (2015), 'Coseismic and Early Postseismic Deformation of the 5 January 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig Earthquake from Static and Kinematic GPS Solutions', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105(2B), p. 1153-1164 doi: 10.1785/0120140172

DePolo, C.M. (2014), 'High Probability of Foreshock Occurrence and Significant Probability of Multiple Events Associated with Magnitude ≥6 Earthquakes in Nevada, U.S.A', Seismological Research Letters, 85(3), p. 601-608 doi: 10.1785/0220120071

Derras, B., P.-Y. Bard, F. Cotton, and A. Bekkouche (2012), 'Adapting the Neural Network Approach to PGA Prediction: An Example Based on the KiK-net Data', Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 102(4), p. 1446-1461 doi: 10.1785/0120110088

Deschamps, F., S. Lebedev, and J. Trampert (2005), 'Rayleigh-wave Phase Velocity Structure and Azimuthal Anisotropy of the Lower Crust Beneath the East-central US', EOS Transactions, AGU Fall Meeting abstracts, 86(52), p. 0435

DeShon, H.R. (2012), 'Integrating USArray and Cooperative New Madrid Seismic Network Data to Establish Central US Catalog Location and Magnitude Sensitivities', AGU 2012 Fall Meeting, abstract #S53I-03, p

Deshon, H.R., S.T. Bisrat, and C.A. Powell (2009), 'Characterizing Near Fault Velocity Structure and Seismogenesis Along the New Madrid Seismic Zone', AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 53, p. 1628

DeShon, H.R., E.R. Engdahl, C.H. Thurber, and M. Brudzinski (2005), 'Constraining the boundary between the Sunda and Andaman subduction systems: Evidence from the 2002 M w 7.3 Northern Sumatra earthquake and aftershock relocations of the 2004 and 2005 great earthquakes', Geophysical Research Letters, 32(24), p. 1-5

DeShon, H.R., and S.Y. Schwartz (2004), 'Evidence for serpentinization of the forearc mantle wedge along the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica', Geophysical Research Letters, 31(21), p. 1-4

DeShon, H.R., S.Y. Schwartz, S.L. Bilek, L.M. Dorman, V. Gonzalez, J.M. Protti, E.R. Flueh, and T.H. Dixon (2003), 'Seismogenic zone structure of the southern Middle America Trench, Costa Rica ', Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (B10), p. ESE 12-11 - ESE 12-14

DeShon, H.R., C.H. Thurber, and C. Rowe (2007), 'High-precision earthquake location and three-dimensional P wave velocity determination at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska', Journal of Geophysical Research, 112(B7), p. 1-24 doi: 10.1029/2006JB004751

Deuss, A., J. Ritsema, and H. van Heijst (2013), 'A new catalogue of normal-mode splitting function measurements up to 10 mHz', Geophysical Journal International, 193(2), p. 920-937 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggt010

Deuss, A., and J. Woodhouse (2001), 'Seismic observations of splitting of the mid-transition zone discontinuity in earth's mantle', Science, 294(5541), p. 354-357

Deuss, A., and J.H. Woodhouse (2002), 'A systematic search for mantle discontinuities using SS-precursors', Geophysical Research Letters, 29(8), p. 90-91 to 90-94

Deuss, A., and J.H. Woodhouse