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PRINCIPLE
OF LEAST SQUARES
By examining the scatter
plot of the observed pair data
, it can be estimated whether a linear regression equation is an appropriate model. If it appears
that the data is linear
, one method
to find the linear model
,
, is that of the principle of least squares. This method was originally
recommended by Adrien Legendre
, a French mathematician in the early nineteenth century [4].
The deviation from a particular
point in the data set
,
,
to the line
,
, is called the residual. The residual
can be calculated by
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same amount
focus will be
actual value
simple case
, is that of the principle of least squares. This method was originally 
,