Geography.46 Tanzania is located on the Eastern coast of Africa along the Indian Ocean. It borders Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, DRC, and Zambia to the east, and Malawi and Mozambique to the South. Tanzania covers a land area of nearly 950,000 square kilometers (km2), which is comprised of about 883,749 km2 land area and 59,050 km2 of inland water bodies. The country also has a marine territory of 241,541 km2.47
Topography. Most of Tanzania is more than 200 m in elevation. Tanzania offers a diverse array of natural and physical features: Mt. Kilimanjaro, (with peak elevation as 5,895 m.); Lake Tanganyika (the second deepest lake in the world at 1,436 m.); and the East African Rift Valley among them.
In western and southern parts of Tanzania, at 800 to 1,500 m in elevation, the plateau zones support miombo woodlands. A broad ridge that divides the country along the Easter Arc Mountains is formed by highlands typically above 1,000 m in elevation. Another ridge follows the western borders, between the Lakes Nyasa, Tanganyika, and Victoria and the border with Kenya.
Soil. Tanzanian soils fall within the following classifications: Volcanic, Light sandy, soils of granite/gneiss origin, red soils, ironstone soils, and mbuga black vertisols.
Map 2: Topographic Map of Tanzania
Volcanic soils: have high agricultural potential and zero-grazing livestock systems are predominant. They are commonly found at high and medium altitudes (e.g. Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Southwest Highlands, Kitulo plateau) and frequently support foraging for dairy producers.
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