Air force 14. 1 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions



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PHASE II: Develop complete dual-mode seeker technology demonstrator that meets objectives of the seeker requirements (stand-off detection range, LADAR imager scene size, etc.). Implementation of necessary signal processing algorithms to be made available as a deliverable. Show ability to resolve likely targets from background clutter.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Commercialize for law enforcement, marine navigation, commercial aviation enhanced vision, medical imaging venous and dermatological applications, and industrial semiconductor and manufacturing process control. Desirable per unit cost in volume should be < $100K.

REFERENCES:

1. Yoo, SJ Ben, et al. "Terahertz Information and Signal Processing by RF-Photonics." Terahertz Science and Technology, IEEE Transactions on 2.2 (2012): 167-176.


2. Barenz, J., R. Baumann, and H. D. Tholl. "Eyesafe imaging LADAR/infrared seeker technologies." Defense and Security. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2005.
3. Das, Rajatendu. "Advances in Active Radar Seeker Technology." Defence Science Journal 55.3 (2005): 329-336.
4. Andressen, Cliff, et al. "Tower test results for an imaging LADAR seeker." Defense and Security. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2005.
KEYWORDS: Ladar, RF, Dual-mode, seeker, hand-off, low-probability of intercept, LPI, SEAD, DEAD, FOPEN
AF141-137 TITLE: Divert and Attitude Control System Technologies for Small Missile Applications
KEY TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Weapons
The technology within this topic is restricted under the International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR), 22 CFR Parts 120-130, which controls the export and import of defense-related material and services, including export of sensitive technical data, or the Export Administration Regulation (EAR), 15 CFR Parts 730-774, which controls dual use items. Offerors must disclose any proposed use of foreign nationals (FNs), their country(ies) of origin, the type of visa or work permit possessed, and the statement of work (SOW) tasks intended for accomplishment by the FN(s) in accordance with section 5.4.c.(8) of the solicitation and within the AF Component-specific instructions. Offerors are advised foreign nationals proposed to perform on this topic may be restricted due to the technical data under US Export Control Laws. Please direct questions to the AF SBIR/STTR Contracting Officer, Ms. Kristina Croake, kristina.croake@us.af.mil.

OBJECTIVE: Develop/demonstrate innovative technologies for light-weight, affordable and capable DACS for endo/exoatmospheric Air Superiority Interceptors. Designs should reduce cost & maintenance, improve manufacturability, and improve reliability.

DESCRIPTION: Current technologies exist for Divert and Attitude Control Systems (DACS) used large ground- launched air superiority missiles; however, these systems have the benefit of large diameters making packaging of the control systems relatively easy. Additionally, higher cost subsystems are tolerated due to the missiles’ strategic nature and the fact that they are procured in relatively small numbers. Use of exotic, expensive, and/or difficult to manufacture materials/components would be cost prohibitive on tactical missile systems that will be purchased in the thousands.
A need exists to develop an affordable, high performance, light weight DACS for use in an air-launched, nominal 5” to 7” diameter, <300 lb air superiority missile. Enhanced missile agility is required to provide off-axis intercept capability to enlarge the target no-escape zone. Divert and Attitude Control System technologies have the potential to provide future missiles with unprecedented maneuverability without degrading beyond visual range performance. Advanced technologies are needed to address cost reduction, manufacturability, and reliable system design while maximizing the total impulse available within the volume of the DACS subsystem in an air-launched air superiority missile application.
Innovative development in the following enabling technology area is desired:
Component Design/System Architecture: Innovative concepts for affordable, lightweight, high-performance DACS for use in air launched air superiority missiles are desired. Such DACS will not exceed a volume of 250 cubic inches in a nominal 5” to 7” diameter missile, will not exceed a weight of 30 lbs, will maximize the total impulse available within the volume of the DACS subsystem, will allow for variable impulse maneuvering, will allow for a high degree of angular resolution, and will meet temperature and loading robustness requirements for use in an air-launched, nominal 5” to 7” diameter, <300 lb air superiority missile.

PHASE I: Develop a proof-of-concept design; identify candidate materials, designs and test capabilities, and conduct feasibility assessment for the proposed divert/attitude correction technology. Define proof of capabilities test concepts. Results from the design and assessment will be documented for Phase II.

PHASE II: Build a breadboard and/or prototype of the proposed concept. Demonstrate the merit of the concept through a combination of detailed analysis, digital simulation, laboratory tests, and/or testing in actual operating conditions.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Developed technology should have direct insertion potential into missile defense systems. Conduct engineering & manufacturing development, test & evaluation & hardware qualification. Demonstrate to include demonstration in system-level testbed w/insertion into air-launched air superiority missile.

REFERENCES:

1. George P. Sutton, "Rocket propulsion Elements; Introduction to Engineering of Rockets," 7th edition, John Willey & Sons, 2001.


2. Paschal N, Strickland B, Lianos D, "Miniature Kill Vehicle Program," 11th Annual AIAA/BMDO Technology Conference, Monterey, CA, August 2002.
3. Vigor Yang, Thomas B. Brill, and Wu-Zhen Ren, "Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion, and Motor Interior Ballistics," AIAA, 2000.
4. Murthy S.N., Curran E.T, "Development in High Speed Vehicle Propulsion Systems," AIAA, 1996.
5. G. Hagemann, H. Immich, T. Nguyen "Advanced Rocket Nozzles," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol 14, No 5, pp620-634, AIAA, 1998.
KEYWORDS: interceptor, actuator, diverter, DACS, control system

AF141-138 TITLE: High Density Carriage Technology Innovation


KEY TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Weapons
The technology within this topic is restricted under the International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR), 22 CFR Parts 120-130, which controls the export and import of defense-related material and services, including export of sensitive technical data, or the Export Administration Regulation (EAR), 15 CFR Parts 730-774, which controls dual use items. Offerors must disclose any proposed use of foreign nationals (FNs), their country(ies) of origin, the type of visa or work permit possessed, and the statement of work (SOW) tasks intended for accomplishment by the FN(s) in accordance with section 5.4.c.(8) of the solicitation and within the AF Component-specific instructions. Offerors are advised foreign nationals proposed to perform on this topic may be restricted due to the technical data under US Export Control Laws. Please direct questions to the AF SBIR/STTR Contracting Officer, Ms. Kristina Croake, kristina.croake@us.af.mil.

OBJECTIVE: Identify and evaluate innovative ideas/concepts of external, bay, or otherwise significantly mission-efficient (logistics, platform load out, expanded envelope, selectable effects-compatible, cooperative/multiple release, etc.) system technologies.

DESCRIPTION: Current weapon employment mechanisms generally employ, gravity-release, gas-driven ejection by piston or tube, or mechanically extended trapeze-racks to provide safe and effective weapon employment. Current legacy weapons have fins and guidance modules, are generally round, and are only rated for carriage and release on certain bomb rack mechanisms. This limits flexibility to carry mixes of air-to-air and air-to-ground munitions for a particular mission set. Current products using these technologies do not meet the performance needed for current and future aircraft to meet projected mission lethality and survivability requirements. This SBIR is structured to bring new ideas from small businesses to add to, or enhance, the U.S. weapon carriage industrial base.
The most attractive technology attributes include: more weapon capacity; mechanisms & software to enable/enhance full-spectrum platform survivability; and that expand weapon employment envelopes (Mach, maneuver, turbulence, or direction of employment) or allow new trade space (size, weight power, location) in future aircraft designs. This topic can accommodate a wide range of innovation in missile, bomb, and other weapon compressed carriage approaches to include guidance and control fins, weapon shape, racks/ejector/lugs, weapons cabling and aircraft interfaces to advance weapon carriage/employment state-of-the-art technology.

PHASE I: Investigate: The most attractive proposals communicate the proposed innovation with regard to the physical and environmental requirements of separation/employment and the scientific principles supporting the innovation. Phase I expected to address concept, interfaces and comm. Simulation and models address compatibility, structure, separation, air to air/ground, subsonic and supersonic delivery.

PHASE II: Develop and demonstrate: The most attractive proposals advance from investigation; communicate innovation mechanical, electrical, pneudraulic, and computer/software components. Address each phase of (sub) system operation, with respect to imposed/experienced forces, moments, velocities, and success parameters. Should include physical/mathematical models, simulations, demonstrations, and any static/dynamic tests, future or legacy/backward compatibility and integration with intended vehicle.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Demonstrate advanced packaging concepts with expanded ground testing, experimental flight test, manufacturability optimization, and appropriate advanced integration events and evaluations.

REFERENCES:

1. F Benedick, G. Warden, “High Performance High Reliability Weapon Bus Switch,” Jan 2011, DTIC.


2. J. Shaver, D. Gregory, A. Cordes, F. Benedick, “Advanced Weapon/Platform Integration,” Oct 2012, Society for Automotive Engineers, Minnesota.
3. R.C. Blair, T.N. Adkins, F. L. Benedick, “Software Architecture for Legacy Platform Weapons Integration,” Oct 2011, DTIC.
4. G. Fountain, F. Benedick, “Innovative Micromunition Electrical Interface Physical Interconnection,” Dec 2012, DTIC.
KEYWORDS: Compressed carriage, Generation 5 aircraft, Generation 6 aircraft, small diameter bomb, AMRAAM, bomb rack, MILSTD 1553, MILSTD 1760, wireless, fiber optic, ejector cartdrige, tube launched, ejector cartridge

AF141-139 TITLE: MWIR Seeker-Sensor for Strap Down Weapon/SUAS applications


KEY TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Weapons
The technology within this topic is restricted under the International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR), 22 CFR Parts 120-130, which controls the export and import of defense-related material and services, including export of sensitive technical data, or the Export Administration Regulation (EAR), 15 CFR Parts 730-774, which controls dual use items. Offerors must disclose any proposed use of foreign nationals (FNs), their country(ies) of origin, the type of visa or work permit possessed, and the statement of work (SOW) tasks intended for accomplishment by the FN(s) in accordance with section 5.4.c.(8) of the solicitation and within the AF Component-specific instructions. Offerors are advised foreign nationals proposed to perform on this topic may be restricted due to the technical data under US Export Control Laws. Please direct questions to the AF SBIR/STTR Contracting Officer, Ms. Kristina Croake, kristina.croake@us.af.mil.

OBJECTIVE: Develop technologies leading to high operating temperature (HOT) wide field of view (WFOV) MidWave InfraRed (MWIR) miniature seekers for strap down weapons and small unmanned air systems (SUAS) applications.

DESCRIPTION: New high operating temperature (HOT) MWIR [1] detector material such as nBn, high temperature mercury-cadmium-telluride (MCT), and super-lattice detectors have raised the operating temperature and reduced the cooling requirement to the point where a compact, eighth of a watt cooler can provide background limited performance. Therefore, a path to higher operating temperature MWIR imaging seeker (with or possibly without) a very low power micro cryogenic cooler is apparent. Since resolution and detection range of uncooled infrared (LWIR) detectors and its long integration time of 10s of milliseconds is detrimental in high speed weapon applications, novel miniature MWIR seeker components are of interest to future high speed weapons. Other recent developments and demonstrations that make a miniature seeker feasible include wide field of view (WFOV) optical developments [2] based on biological inspirations [3], on-focal plane array processing (built-in the readout integrated circuit (ROIC)) or "SMART" (also bio inspired) FPAs [4], and vision chips with a variety of built-in image and signal processing functions [5, 6]. Demonstration of 10 micron pitch in the MWIR [1] allows for spatial oversampling which provides benefits in sensitivity and detection [7]. It has long been known that there are numerous advantages to sampling images hexagonally rather than rectangularly. Recent demonstrations in the efficient processing of hexagonally sampled imagery [8] now make the utilization of hexagonal imagers feasible. The Weapon Engagement Division of AFRL's Munitions Directorate is interested in exploiting the latest developments from the HOT MWIR and biologically inspired optics and imagers community for demonstration of a miniature WFOV seeker technology (to include sensor and processing components) leading to a strap-down gimbal-less seeker for air-to-ground strike high-speed weapons and small unmanned air systems (SUAS) applications. We are especially interested the development of biologically inspired WFOV optics and imagers, higher than 77 Kelvin detector technology coupled to readout integrated circuit (ROIC) unit cell circuitry that optimizes the HOT detector performance. high frame rate variable acuity ROIC architectures, mixed signal analog-digital ROIC architectures with built in temporal-spatial processing, rectilinear or hexagonal imaging array optimized to WFOV optics, compact imager control electronics for tightly coupled imager control and built-in processing for imager aided guidance, navigation, and control.
For weapon and SUAS seeker applications, bigger imager format is not always better, but higher frame rate is. We are interested in a systems engineered design and integration utilizing the recent infrared imaging technologies described above.

PHASE I: Determine the feasibility of the proposed seeker concept, and develop a design suitable for fabrication. Identify critical components that make up a MWIR WFOV miniature weapon seeker. Prioritize further development of any identified component, i.e. HOT detector and its associated ROIC, WFOV optics, rectilinear or hexagonal imaging array optimized to optics, ROIC with on-ROIC “smart” processing.

PHASE II: Develop prototype components and instrumentation that will lead to the demonstration of a family of miniature MWIR seekers that possess more integrated on-chip capabilities than are now available. Show, through demonstration, how these devices may be applied to important military applications such as weapon seekers or for collision avoidance of micro air vehicles. Communication between phase II selected component developers for up front interface/integration is a plus.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Military Application: Transition into current precision guided munitions, AF SUAS, targeting, small weapon seekers, and persistent surveillance applications. Commercial Application: Possible uses include surveillance, astronomy, mapping, weather monitoring and earth resource monitoring.

REFERENCES:

1.http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/MTO/Programs/High_Operating_Temperature_Mid_Wave_Infrared_(HOTMWIR).aspx.


2. Francis Reininger. Artificial Compound Eye with Varied Ommatidia. United States Patent Office, February 2012. Publication Number US2012/0026592.
3. M.F. Land and D-E. Nilsson (2002) Animal Eyes. Oxford University Press.
4. P. L. McCarley, M. A. Massie, J. P. Curzan, “Foveating infrared imaging sensors”, Proc. SPIE Vol. 6660A, (2007) p. 6660A 1-14.
5. C. Koch and H. Li, Editors (1995), Vision Chips Implementing Vision Algorithms with Analog VLSI Circuits, IEEE Computer Society Press.
6. M. M. Gupta and G. K. Knopf , (1995), Neuro-Vision Systems: Principles and Applications.
7. John. T. Caulfield, Jerry Wilson, Nibir Dhar, "Spatial Oversampling in Imaging Sensors: Benefits in Sensitivity and Detection", IEEE Applied Imagery & Pattern Recognition Workshop, Oct 2012, Wash. DC.
8. Rummelt, N.I. and Wilson, J.N., "Array Set Addressing: Enabling Technology for the Efficient Processing of Hexagonally Sampled Imagery," J. Electron. Imaging 20, 023012 (Jun 03, 2011); doi: 10.1117/1.3589306.
KEYWORDS: high operating temperature, HOT, wide field of view, WFOV, mid wave infrared, MWIR, biologically inspired optics and sensory processing

AF141-141 TITLE: Weapons Effects FRMs for Contact or Embedded detonations in Fixed Targets


KEY TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Weapons
The technology within this topic is restricted under the International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR), 22 CFR Parts 120-130, which controls the export and import of defense-related material and services, including export of sensitive technical data, or the Export Administration Regulation (EAR), 15 CFR Parts 730-774, which controls dual use items. Offerors must disclose any proposed use of foreign nationals (FNs), their country(ies) of origin, the type of visa or work permit possessed, and the statement of work (SOW) tasks intended for accomplishment by the FN(s) in accordance with section 5.4.c.(8) of the solicitation and within the AF Component-specific instructions. Offerors are advised foreign nationals proposed to perform on this topic may be restricted due to the technical data under US Export Control Laws. Please direct questions to the AF SBIR/STTR Contracting Officer, Ms. Kristina Croake, kristina.croake@us.af.mil.

OBJECTIVE: Develop innovative High-Fidelity Physics-Based (HFPB) Fast-Running Models (FRMs) for simulating the effects of weapons detonated on contact or embedded in fixed target structural materials.



DESCRIPTION: Damage to fixed structures resulting from the intentional or accidental detonation of weapons upon contact or when embedded often results in hazards to nearby personnel, equipment, and structures. Currently AFRL/RWWL’s Modular Effectiveness Vulnerability Assessment (MEVA) program does not have the capability to predict these types of problems. In addition, other commercial and military organizations need FRMs that predict the structural damage and characteristics of debris generated by these events. The penetration, perforation, and breach of these structures by munitions involve multi-phase, multi-flow physics that has just recently been adequately modeled in HFPB codes. What is now required by analysts and weaponeers alike are innovative FRM methodologies that are based on these HFPB codes but can be executed without the time penalty associated with them. These users do not have the expertise or the time required to run HFPB calculations do to their need to execute hundreds, if not thousands, of these calculations in very short periods of time.
Consequently, the primary requirement is to develop fast-running models based on HFPB analyses that are representative of the HFPB analyses and have an overall accuracy of 80% or better when compared to actual test data. The primary structural damage parameters of interest include hole size and shape, rebar damage, mass and velocity of the debris generated, and residual capacity of the damaged wall. The models must represent both partial and full penetration of the structural materials and the possible detonation of these weapons upon impact or after partial penetration. The key technology areas are Weapon-Target Interaction, Target Penetration, Impact & Delayed Detonation, Back Face Spalling, and Debris generation.
Back face spalling of the target materials, including fragment size and velocity (vector) distributions are of interest, particularly as they affect human and equipment vulnerability. The end states of weapon-generated rubble (quantity and spatial distribution) are also desired.
When damage levels are sufficient to result in perforation(s) of the structural component, the model must predict the hole size(s) and volume of material removed. The model must output probabilistic debris fragment size and velocity (vector) distributions and debris end-states (quantity and spatial distribution of the debris on the ground). The models must be validated against available experimental data with recommendations for additional testing where sufficient data does not exist for adequate validation.
When damage levels are not sufficient to result in perforation of the structural component, the model must be capable of predicting the depth of penetration, the effects of any explosive charge including debris generation, the probabilistic distributions of debris fragment size and velocity, and rubble end state. The model must cover materials such as concrete and masonry (CMU, Brick, Adobe, Tile) used in fixed structures.
The predictive accuracy of the models must be quantified, based on comparisons with experimental data and HFPB calculations. Finally, the contractor must implement the FRMs in AFRL/RWWL’s MEVA architecture which is used for assessing the lethality of conventional weapons. To this end, MEVA will be provided along with the necessary integration instructions. If necessary, access to the MEVA developer will be provided or he can be hired to do the integration.
Other users include the Army (ARL & AMSAA), AFLCMC, and JTCG/ME. Following this effort, the government will install the FRMs in the AFLCMC FIST program and finally in the JTCG/ME JWS weaponeering program.

PHASE I: Develop innovative FRM methodologies that can be trained by state-of-the-art HFPB calculations to simulate the effects of weapon contact or embedded detonations in fixed targets. Demonstrate their ability to capture the important characteristics of these multi-physics phenomena.

PHASE II: Develop FRMs to simulate the effects of weapon contact or embedded detonations in fixed structures constructed of concrete & masonry material. The FRMs must capture the important characteristics of the phenomena for a parameter space spanning weapon type and size, and structural geometry and materials of practical significance. Implement these models in the AFRL MEVA program.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Military: Complete the development of the FRMs for the range of weapons and structural components/materials required. Commercial: Used by HAZMAT teams to asses safety for explosive materials. Used in assessing safety of buildings designed for protection against natural and terrorist threats.

REFERENCES:

1. X. Ma, Q. Zou, D. Z. Zhang, W. B. VanderHeyden, G. W. Wathugala, and T. K. Hasselman, “Application of a FLIP-MPM-MFM Method for Simulating Weapon-Target Interaction,” Proc. of 12th International Symposium on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 13-16, 2005.


2. Wathugala, G.W., W. Gan, J. Chrostowski, T. Hasselman, D. Zhang, X. Ma, Q. Zou, and B. VanderHeyden, "Applications of CartaBlanca for Simulation of Blast and Fragment Effects," Presented at the 17th Army Symposium on Solid Mechanics, Baltimore, MD, April 2007.
3. Soto, O., J. Baum, R. Löhner,” An efficient fluid–solid coupled finite element scheme for weapon fragmentation simulations,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 77 (2010) 549–564.


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