CH-S = Chapter-Section in Magruders American Government, KIT = Resources in Magruders Teacher’s Kit, WTP = We the People, OSS = Outside Sources

• 
  National Security and Defense
  
• 
  Protections from self and others
  
• 
  Provide public services (fire, police)
  

• 
  Evolutionary
  
• 
  Force
  
• 
  Divine Right
  
• 
  Social Contract: Hobbes, Locke (Private ownership of Property), Rousseau, Blackstone, Montesquieu
  

• 
  John Locke’s Second Treatise on Civil Government Excerpts
  

• 
  Rousseau’s The Social Contract Excerpts
  
• 
  Hobbes’s De Cive and Leviathan Excerpts
  
• 
  Excerpt from Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Laws
  
• 
  Excerpt from Blackstone’s Commentaries
  

C2-C23

• 
  the governments of ancient Athens and Rome
  
• 
  the ideas of Locke and Montesquieu
  

1. 
   What is government and why is it needed?
   
2. 
   How can we as a people solve the problems of modern society to make the world a better place for future generations and ourselves?
   
3. 
   Why do governments exist?
   
4. 
   What are the characteristics of a state?
   
5. 
   What are the four most influential theories of the origin of Nation States? Explain each.
   
6. 
   How did democracy develop in ancient Greece, Rome and England?
   
7. 
   Was our government created to protect us from ourselves?
   
8. 
   What are the elements of “good participation” in a healthy democracy?
   

1. 
   Forms of Government (How has it changed over time?) 3.2
   

• 
  Unitary
  
• 
  Confederation
  
• 
  Federation
  
• 
  Presidential
  
• 
  Parliamentary
  
• 
  Democracy
  
• 
  Dictatorship
  
• 
  Oligarchy
  
• 
  Republic, Theocracy
  

• 
  Based on your knowledge of world governments, select two of the
  

• 
  In your opinion, were these theories beneficial or detrimental to the success of the nations as a whole? Support your conclusions with examples.
  

• 
  Analyze majority rule with protection of minority rights/due process
  

• 
  Create a web
  
• 
  Group presentation over theories and theorists
  
• 
  Create cartoons about the forms of government
  
• 
  Students will research different types of government including their basis of power and ability to accomplish goals.
  
• 
  Write an article for a journal: Which forms of government best meet the needs of the people?
  
• 
  Conduct a Constitutional search to find how the Constitution addresses the weaknesses on the Articles of Confederation.
  
• 
  Research political philosophers and write a quote consistent with their perspective. Present this to the class and the other groups will determine the principle that is being addressed.
  
• 
  Citizenship Test
  
• 
  Voter registration for students
  
• 
  Create a campaign poster or political cartoon dealing with an election issue or candidate.
  
• 
  Write a letter to a Congressman or other official.
  
• 
  Create a class preamble
  
• 
  Assess the validity of various “voters’ guides
  
• 
  Oyez
  
• 
  Cornell Law
  

1. 
   What basic ideas about government did the English Colonists bring to America?
   
2. 
   How did government first develop in the thirteen Colonies?
   
3. 
   What does “limited government” mean?
   

1. 
   Basic Topics 1.1, 1.3
   

• 
  Ordered
  
• 
  Limited
  
• 
  Representative
  

• 
  The Magna Carta
  
• 
  Petition of Right
  
• 
  Maryland Toleration Act
  
• 
  English Bill of Rights
  
• 
  Great Awakening
  
• 
  Enlightenment
  

• 
  Royal
  
• 
  Proprietary
  
• 
  Charter
  

• 
  Mayflower Compact
  
• 
  Virginia House of Burgesses
  
• 
  New England Town Meetings
  
• 
  Fundamental Orders of Conn
  
• 
  Albany Plan
  
• 
  Virginia Declaration of Rights
  

• 
  Chart the documents (who, what, when, where, why)
  
• 
  Colonial Map
  
• 
  Timeline of events
  
• 
  Identify the central idea(s) found in each of the historic documents of this unit. What importance does each document play in the founding of American government?
  
• 
  Compare and contrast the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment and explain how each impacted the formation of American government.
  
• 
  The Bible and other religious texts
  

1. 
   What events lead to the writing of the Declaration of Independence?
   
2. 
   What were the issues behind colonists’ protest?
   

1. 
   Economic issues 1.1
   

• 
  Effects of Mercantilism and salutary neglect
  
• 
  Impacts of the Acts of British Law from 1763-1774
  

2. 
   Political issues 2.2, 2.3
   

• 
  First Continental Congress
  
• 
  Patrick Henry – March 1775, James Otis, Thomas Paine – Common Sense, The Crisis, Jan. 1776
  
• 
  Second Continental Congress
  
• 
  Declaration of Independence: Reasons for separation, New theory of government, Unalienable Rights, Declaration of war
  

• 
  Create or interpret Political Cartoons
  

• 
  Writing project – Letters from Colonies to Great Britain, journals, poem
  
• 
  Timeline to Independence
  
• 
  Annotation of the Declaration of Independence
  
• 
  Paraphrase the Declaration of Independence into modern terms
  
• 
  Read Thomas Paine’s Common Sense and identify key concepts, words, and/or phrases
  

1. 
   What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
   
2. 
   How was the government organized under the Articles of Confederation?
   

1. 
   Governmental structure under the Articles of Confederation 2.2
   

• 
  Powers of Congress
  
• 
  States rights
  

• 
  Land Ordinance of 1785
  
• 
  Northwest Ordinance of 1787
  

• 
  Lack of strong central government
  
• 
  Economic: Taxes, tariffs, commerce
  
• 
  Violation of personal and property rights: Shay’s Rebellion
  
• 
  Difficulty in adding amendments
  

• 
  Draw a township using the criteria created by the Land Ordinance of 1785.
  
• 
  Cause and effect graphic organizer
  
• 
  Predict what America might be like today if still under the Articles of Confederation
  
• 
  Connection of the UN and EU as modern confederations
  
• 
  Write a news report over Shays’ Rebellion (who, what, when, where, why)
  
• 
  Conduct a mock interview of Daniel Shays
  
• 
  Research connections between issues of private property rights during the Shays’ Rebellion era vs. today, especially regarding modern issues of eminent domain.
  

1. 
   On which issues did the Constitutional Convention delegates compromise to achieve ratification of the Constitution?
   

1. 
   Writing the new Constitution 2.5
   

• 
  Virginia Plan; New Jersey Plan
  
• 
  Compromises: Connecticut (Great), Three-fifths, Commerce and Slave Trade
  
• 
  Presidential Compromises: Single Executive, Elected to 4-year term by electoral college, Commander-in-chief
  

2. 
   Ratification 2.5
   

• 
  Federalists: responses to the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, Federalist Papers
  

• 
  Federalist No. 10
  
• 
  Federalist No. 51
  

• 
  Anti-Federalists: lack of Bill of Rights and fear of tyranny
  
• 
  Works from Cato, Brutus, and George Mason, Patrick Henry
  
• 
  Anti-Federalist Papers
  

• 
  Graphic organizer for compromises and Federalists/Anti-Federalists
  
• 
  Hold a Constitutional Convention to write a class constitution
  
• 
  Create and participate in a mock Constitutional Convention
  
• 
  Conduct a Constitutional search to find how the Constitution addresses the weaknesses on the Articles of Confederation.
  

• 
  Research political philosophers and write a quote consistent with their perspective. Present this to the class and the other groups will determine the principle that is being addressed.
  
• 
  Create a timeline of events effecting Constitutional influences
  
• 
  Research using the Internet and newspaper articles to find information that deals with Constitutional principles
  
• 
  Create political cartoons or editorials reflective of the development of Constitutional government
  
• 
  Debate from Federalist/Anti-Federalist differing points of view
  
• 
  Determine the meaning of words and phrases as used in Federalist and Anti-Federalist texts
  
• 
  U.S. History Series: The Early Republic: The Federalists pg 17+
  
• 
  The Federalist Debates: Balancing Power Between State and Federal Governments from EDSITEment
  
• 
  Federalist Documents: Free Federal Teaching Resources
  
• 
  Federalist Papers #10
  
• 
  Federalist Papers—Complete Collection
  
• 
  Anti-Federalist Papers—Complete Collection
  
• 
  See Supplement to this guide for additional resources for The Federalists.
  

1. 
   Six basic principles of the Constitution 1.1 1.3
   

• 
  Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
  
• 
  McCulloch v. Maryland - 1819
  
• 
  Ordinance of Nullification – South Carolina, 1832
  
• 
  Rise of sectionalism
  
• 
  Current challenges to federalism 3.5
  
• 
  Tribal relationships and responsibilities 3.5
  
• 
  Indian Country Media Network
  
• 
  Native American Times
  

• 
  Consent of the Governed
  
• 
  Separation of Powers
  
• 
  Rule of Law
  
• 
  Representative Government
  

1. 
   The Constitution is based on which principles?
   
2. 
   How does the amendment process illustrate federalism?
   
3. 
   What is the difference between formal and informal amendments?
   
4. 
   How do the principles of the Constitution provide for a more effective or efficient government?
   
5. 
   Thinking back to the original Constitutional principles, would the founding fathers be surprised by the changes in their government over the last 200 years?
   

• 
  Bill of Rights 1-10
  
• 
  Civil War 13,14,15
  
• 
  Suffrage 15,19,23,24,26
  
• 
  Presidential 12,20,22,23,25
  
• 
  Housekeeping 11,16,17,18,21,27
  

• 
  Writ of Habeas Corpus
  
• 
  Bills of Attainder
  
• 
  Ex post facto laws
  
• 
  Writs of Assistance
  

Our Bill of Rights is based largely on earlier lists of rights, especially two sources from England: The Magna Carta (1215) and the English Bill of Rights (1689). As you read, picture what the English monarchs were able to do before these documents limited their power. Look for ideas that grew into our Bill of Rights, then answer the questions that follow.

1. 
   What are three of the ways English monarchs could have treated people unfairly before King John signed the Magna Carta?
   

2. 
   Explain which protections in our Bill of Rights have roots in the listed selections from the Magna Carta, and which have roots in the listed selections from the English Bill of Rights.
   

• 
  Bill of rights flip chart, mobile, model, scavenger hunt
  
• 
  Research current event articles and/or political cartoons which illustrate the 6 basic principles of the Constitution
  
• 
  Research current events which give examples of current attempts of the nullification of federal law (i.e. national healthcare, immigration, medical marijuana)
  
• 
  Using a natural disaster (i.e. Mississippi River flooding, Hurricane Katrina, May 3, 1999 tornado) identify the proper role of city, state, and national governments within the scope of “federalism”
  
• 
  If you were to propose an amendment to the Constitution, what would it be and why would you propose it?
  
• 
  Concept circle to illustrate the informal amendment process
  
• 
  Describe a scenario to illustrate a modern example of how the protections of writ of habeas corpus, bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and writs of assistance are still important today
  
• 
  Chart whether specified topics are “state” or “federal” in scope
  
• 
  Tribal commonality of the 5 governments
  
• 
  Equal Rights Amendment
  
• 
  Balanced Budget Amendment
  
• 
  Flag Burning Amendment
  

1. 
   Structure: Article I of the Constitution 4.2A, 4.2B
   

• 
  Organization of Congress
  
• 
  Strict versus liberal construction
  

• 
  Advice and consent on treaties
  
• 
  Confirm executive appointments
  
• 
  Conduct trials of impeachment
  
• 
  Filibuster and cloture
  

• 
  Tax legislation
  
• 
  Votes on Articles of impeachment
  
• 
  Reapportionment 4.2B
  
• 
  Redistricting
  
• 
  Term limitations
  

• 
  Delegated powers: Article I, Section 8 –Expressed, Implied (Elastic, Necessary and Proper Clauses), Inherent
  
• 
  Prohibited Powers: Article I, Section 9
  
• 
  Reserved Powers: 10^th Amendment 3.3
  

5. 
   How a Bill Becomes a Law 4.2C
   

5. 
   Congress Structure/Committees 4.2C
   

• 
  Current Events and Issues 4.2F