Answer Key for Exercises in The Wadsworth Handbook, Concise, Third Edition Chapter 1 Understanding Purpose and Audience Exercise 1 (pg. 13-14)
Download 209.73 Kb.
|
Exercise 17.2 (pg. 178) For different reasons, people today are choosing a vegetarian diet. Strict vegetarians eat no animal foods; lactovegetarians eat dairy products but no meat, fish, poultry, or eggs; and ovolactovegetarians eat eggs and dairy products but no meat, fish, or poultry. Famous vegetarians include George Bernard Shaw, Leonardo da Vinci, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Mahatma Gandhi. Like them, people today have become vegetarians for good reasons. For instance, some religions, such as Buddhism, Brahmanism, and Hinduism, recommend a vegetarian diet. Other people turn to vegetarianism for health or hygienic reasons, believing that meat may contain harmful chemicals and infectious organisms. Some people believe meat may cause digestive problems and other difficulties. Other vegetarians adhere to a vegetarian diet because they think it is wasteful to kill animals after we feed them plants; they believe we should eat the plants. Finally, evidence suggests that a vegetarian diet may help people live longer by reducing the incidence of heart disease and some cancers. Exercise 17.3 (pg. 180) Some colleges that have supported fraternities for many years are reevaluating the fraternities’ positions on campus. Opposing the fraternities are students, faculty, and administrators, who claim that fraternities are inherently sexist and, therefore, are unacceptable in coed institutions that offer equal opportunities. Many members of the college community see fraternities as elitist as well as sexist and favor their abolition. However, some students, faculty, and administrators wholeheartedly support traditional fraternities, believing they help students meet people and acquire leadership skills that will help them as adults. Supporters of fraternities believe that students should retain the right to make their own social decisions, including joining a fraternity, and that fraternities provide valuable services such as tutoring, raising money for charity, and running campus escort services. Therefore, they oppose abolishing fraternities. Chapter 18 Using Parallelism Exercise 18.1 (pg. 182) 1. After he completed his engineering degree, Manek returned to India [to visit his large extended family] and [to find a wife]. 2. [Unfamiliar with marriage practices in India] and [accustomed to American notions of marriage for love], Manek’s American friends frowned on his plans. 3. Not only [Manek] but also [his parents] wanted an arranged marriage. 4. He didn’t believe that either [you married for love] or [you had a loveless marriage]. 5. [His parents’ marriage, an arranged one, continues happily]; [his aunt’s marriage, also arranged, has lasted thirty years]. Exercise 18.2 (pg. 183) 1. The world is divided between those who wear galoshes and those who discover continents. 2. World leaders, members of Congress, and American Catholic bishops all pressed the president to limit the arms race. 3. A national task force on education recommended improving public education by making the school day longer, by raising teacher’s salaries, and by integrating more technology into the curriculum. 4. The fast food industry is expanding to include many kinds of restaurants: those that serve pizza, those that serve fried chicken, those that serve Mexican-style food, and those that serve hamburgers. 5. Many Scotch drinkers in the United States are switching to wine or beer because of high prices, changing tastes, and increased health awareness. Chapter 19 Choosing Words Exercise 19.1 (pg. 186) Answers will vary. Discussing your students’ ideas of formal diction in class will help you and your students agree on what formal language is. Exercise 19.2 (pg. 187) Here are some possible answers: 1. deceive, mislead, beguile 2. antiquated, old, antique 3. pushy, assertive, goal-oriented 4. pathetic, unfortunate, touching 5. cheap, inexpensive, economical 6. blunder, error, mistake 7. weird, unusual, unique 8. politician, public servant, statesman 9. shack, cabin, cottage 10. stench, smell, scent Exercise 19.3 (pg. 188) Answers will vary. Here is one revision. Part-time jobs I have held include waiting tables, landscaping, and selling stereo equipment. Each of these jobs requires strong communications skills. In my most recent position, I sold automobile stereos. My supervisor was impressed with my ability to help customers select components that fit their budgets and preferences. With my proven success in sales—being named salesperson of the month three times last year—I believe I am well qualified for a position in sales management. Exercise 19.4 (pg. 190) Answers will vary. Exercise 19.5 (pg. 192) Answers will vary. Here are some examples. forefathers, ancestors man-eating shark, carnivorous shark manpower, workforce workman’s compensation, worker’s compensation men at work, workers waitress, server first baseman, first base congressman, representative manhunt, search Exercise 19.6 (pg. 192) You may wish to have your students answer the questions in these exercises in group or class discussions. Chapter 20 Using the Parts of Speech Chapter 21 Using Nouns and Pronouns Exercise 21.1 (pg. 204) 1. he; it is the subject of the sentence 2. me; it is the direct object 3. my; the gerund is a noun requiring possessive modifier 4. your; the gerund is a noun requiring possessive modifier 5. me; it is the direct object Exercise 21.2 (pg. 205) 1. Herb Ritts, who got his start by taking photographs of Hollywood stars, has photographed world leaders, leading artistic figures in dance and drama, and a vanishing African tribe. 2. Tim Green, who once played for the Atlanta Hawks and has a law degree, has written several novels about a fictional football team. 3. Some say Carl Sagan, who wrote many books on science and narrated many popular television shows, did more to further science education in America than any other person. 4. Jodie Foster, who was a child star, has won two Academy Awards for her acting. 5. At Cambridge University in England Sylvia Plath met the poet Ted Hughes, whom she later married. Exercise 21.3 (pg. 207) the expedition Lewis and Clark Yellowstone River Lewis This death rate Chapter 22 Using Verbs Exercise 22.1 (pg. 211) sold, sneaked, sworn, dealt, fought Exercise 22.2 (pg. 211) set laying sat lying sit Exercise 22.3 (pg. 215) give have read established becoming had made met are searching has been growing had claimed will be enjoying Exercise 22.4 (pg. 217) performed, challenged, were, was, give, nail, Place, stepped, see Exercise 22.5 (pg. 218) The Chinese invented rockets about AD 1000. They packed gunpowder into bamboo tubes and ignited it by means of a fuse. Soldiers fired these rockets at enemy armies and usually caused panic. In the thirteenth century, England’s Roger Bacon introduced an improved form of gunpowder. As a result, soldiers used rockets as a common—although unreliable—weapon in battle. In the early eighteenth century, William Congreve, an English artillery expert, constructed a twenty-pound rocket that traveled almost two miles. By the late nineteenth century, the physicist Ernst Mach gave thought to supersonic speeds. He predicted the sonic boom. In America, Robert Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket in 1926. He wrote a pamphlet that anticipated almost all future rocket developments. As a result of his pioneering work, he is called the father of modern rocketry. Exercise 22.6 (pg. 219) Answers will vary. The Regent Diamond is one of the world’s most famous and coveted jewels. The 410-carat diamond was discovered by a slave in 1701 in an Indian mine. [Emphasis is on the diamond rather than on who discovered it.] Over the years, it was stolen and sold several times. [Emphasis is on what happened rather than on people.] In 1717, the regent of France bought the diamond for an enormous sum, but during the French Revolution, it disappeared again. It was later discovered in a ditch in Paris. [Emphasis is on its eventual discovery rather than on who discovered it.] Eventually, Napoleon had the diamond set into his ceremonial sword. At last, when the French monarch fell, the Regent Diamond was placed in the Louvre, where it remains today. [Emphasis is on where it was placed rather than on who placed it there.] Chapter 23 Using Adjectives and Adverbs Exercise 23.1 (pg. 221) A popular self-help trend in the United States today is recorded motivational lectures. These recordings with titles like How to Attract Love, Freedom from Acne, and I Am a Genius are intended to solve every problem know to society—quickly and easily. The lectures are said to work because their “hidden messages” bypass conscious defense mechanisms. Positive words and phrases are embedded throughout the lecture; that the listener perceives only subconsciously. The top-selling recordings are those that help listeners lose weight or quit smoking. The popularity of such lectures is not hard to understand. They promise easy solutions to complex problems. But the main benefit of these lectures appears to be for the sellers, who are quickly accumulating profits. Exercise 23.2 (pg. 221) Answers will vary. Here are some possibilities. 1. David seemed tired. Jerry was anxious. Lienne appeared happy. Maggie is depressed. Chris remained confident.
I thought his speech dull. The reviewers deemed the play fascinating. The students found the course helpful. Charles proved the problem unsolvable. Exercise 23.3 (pg. 223) 1. difficult/more difficult/most difficult 2. eccentric/more eccentric/most eccentric 3. confusing/more confusing/most confusing 4. bad/worse/worst 5. mysterious/more mysterious/most mysterious 6. softly/more softly/most softly 7. embarrassing/more embarrassing/most embarrassing 8. well/better/best 9. often/more often/most often 10. tiny/tinier/tiniest Chapter 24 Revising Sentence Fragments Exercise 24.1 (pg. 225) F F CS F F F F CS F F Exercise 24.2 (pg. 227) The drive-in movie came into being just after World War II, when both movies and cars were central to the lives of many young Americans. Drive-ins were especially popular with teenagers and young families during the 1950s, when cars and gas were relatively inexpensive. Theaters charged by the carload, which meant that a group of teenagers or a family with several children could spend an evening at the movies for a few dollars. In 1958, when the fad peaked, there were more than four thousand drive-ins in the United States, while today there are fewer than three thousand. Many of these are in the Sunbelt, with most in California. Although many Sunbelt drive-ins continue to thrive because of year-round warm weather, many northern drive-ins are in financial trouble because land is so expensive. Many drive-in owners break even only by operating flea markets or swap meets in daylight hours, while others, unable to attract customers, are selling their theaters to land developers. Soon drive-ins may be a part of our nostalgic past, which will be a great loss for many who enjoyed them in the 1950s. Exercise 24.3 (pg. 228) Most college athletes are caught in a conflict between their athletic and academic careers. Sometimes college athletes’ responsibilities on the playing field make it difficult for them to be good students. Often, athletes must make a choice between sports and a degree. Some athletes would not be able to afford college without athletic scholarships. Ironically, however; their commitments to sports (training, exercise, practice, and travel to out-of town games, for example) deprive athletes of valuable classroom time. The role of college athletes is constantly being questioned. Critics suggest that they exist only to participate in and promote college athletics. Because of the importance of this role to academic institutions, scandals occasionally develop, with coaches and even faculty members arranging to inflate athletes’ grades to help them remain eligible for participation in sports. Some universities even lower admissions standards. To help remedy this and other inequities, the controversial Proposition 48, passed at the NCAA convention in 1982, established minimum scores on aptitude tests. But many people feel that the NCAA remains overly concerned with profits rather than with education. As a result, college athletic competition is increasingly coming to resemble pro sports, from the coaches’ pressure on the players to win to the network television exposure to the wagers on the games’ outcomes. Exercise 24.4 (pg. 229) Answers will vary. Here is one revision. Many food products have well-known trademarks, identified by familiar faces on product labels. Some of these symbols have remained the same, while others have changed considerably. Products like Sun-Maid Raisins, Betty Crocker potato mixes, Quaker Oats, and Uncle Ben’s Rice use faces to create a sense of quality and tradition and to encourage shopper recognition of the products. Many of the portraits have been updated several times to reflect changes in society. Betty Crocker’s portrait, for instance, has changed many times since its creation in 1936, symbolizing women’s changing roles. The original Chef Boy-ar-dee has also changed, turning from the young Italian chef Hector Boiardi into a white-haired senior citizen. Miss Sunbeam, trademark of Sunbeam Bread, has had her hairdo modified several times since her first appearance in 1942; the Blue Bonnet girl, also created in 1942, now has a more modern look; and Aunt Jemima has also been changed, slimmed down a bit in 1965. Similarly, the Campbell’s soup kids are less chubby now than in the 1920s when they first appeared. But manufacturers are very careful about selecting a trademark or modifying an existing one, typically spending a good deal of time and money on research before a change is made. Exercise 24.5 (pg. 230) Answers will vary. Here is one revision. Until the early 1900s, communities in West Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky were isolated by the mountains that surrounded them, the great chain of the Appalachian Mountains. Set apart from the emerging culture of a growing America and American language, these communities retained a language rich with the dialect of Elizabethan English and with hints of a Scotch-Irish influence. In the 1910s and ’20s, the communities in these mountains began to long for a better future for their children. The key to that future, as they saw it, was education. In some communities, that education took the form of Settlement Schools, schools led by the new rash of idealistic young graduates of eastern women’s colleges. These teachers taught not only the basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics but also schooled their students in the crafts, music, and folklore of the Appalachians. In addition, they taught them skills that would help them survive when the coal market began to decline. Quilters, weavers, basket-makers, and carpenters from around the world came to the Settlement Schools to teach their crafts. The schools opened the mountains to the world, causing the Elizabethan dialect to fade. Exercise 24.6 (pg. 231) Answers will vary. Here is one revision. As more and more Americans discover the pleasures of the wilderness, our national parks are feeling the stress. Wanting to get away for a weekend or a week, hikers and backpackers stream from the cities into nearby state and national parks. They bring with them a hunger for wilderness and very little knowledge about how to behave ethically in the wild. They also do not know how to keep themselves safe. Some of them think of the national parks as an in-expensive amusement park. Without proper camping supplies and lacking enough food and water for their trip, they are putting at risk their lives and the lives of those who will be called on to save them. One family went for a hike up a desert canyon with an eight-month old infant and their seventy-eight-year-old grandmother. Although the terrain was difficult, they were not wearing the proper shoes or good socks nor did they carry a first-aid kit. They also had not brought a map or compass. Not surprisingly, because they were on an unmarked trail in a little used section of Bureau of Land Management lands and following vague directions from a friend, they were soon lost. They hadn’t brought water, food, or even rain gear or warm clothes. Luckily for them, they had brought a phone. By the time they called for help, however, it was getting dark and a storm was building. A rescue plane eventually located the family and brought them to safety. A little planning before they’d hiked in an inhospitable area, and a little awareness and preparedness for the terrain they were traveling in, would have saved this family much worry and the taxpayers a lot of money. Chapter 25 Revising Run-ons Exercise 25.1 (pg. 235) Answers will vary. To illustrate the various responses, each sentence that follows is followed with the four possible types of correction. Class discussion should consider the need to balance the types of choices in a piece of writing rather than adhering to a single method of correction. Entrepreneurship is the study of small businesses, college students are embracing it enthusiastically. 1. businesses. College students 2. businesses; college students 3. businesses, and college students 4. Entrepreneurship, the study of small businesses, is being embraced enthusiastically by college students. Many schools offer one or more courses in entrepreneurship these courses teach the theory and practice of starting a small business. 1. entrepreneurship. These courses 2. entrepreneurship; these courses 3. entrepreneurship, and these courses 4. entrepreneurship, which teach the theory and practice of starting a small business. Students are signing up for courses, moreover, they are starting their own businesses. 1. courses. Moreover, 2. courses; moreover, 3. courses, and, moreover, 4. Students who sign up for courses are even starting their own businesses. One student started with a car-waxing business, now he sells condominiums. 1. business. Now 2. business; now 3. business, and now 4. One student, who started with a car-waxing business, now sells condominiums. Other students are setting up catering services they supply everything from waiters to bartenders. 1. services. They 2. services; they 3. services, and they 4. services that supply everything from waiters to bartenders. One student has a thriving cake-decorating business, in fact, she employs fifteen students to deliver the cakes. 1. business. In fact, she 2. business; in fact, she 3. business, and, in fact, she 4. business that employs fifteen students to deliver the cakes. All over the country, student businesses are selling everything from tennis balls to bagels, the student owners are making impressive profits. 1. bagels. The student owners 2. bagels; the student owners 3. bagels, and the student owners 4. bagels, which make impressive profits for the student owners. Formal courses at the graduate as well as undergraduate level are attracting more business students than ever, several schools (such as Baylor University, the University of Southern California, and Babson College) even offer degree programs in entrepreneurship. 1. than ever. Several schools 2. than ever; several schools 3. than ever, so several schools 4. Because formal courses at the graduate as well as undergraduate level are attracting more business students than ever, several schools . . . Many business school students are no longer planning to be corporate executives instead, they plan to become entrepreneurs. 1. executives. Instead, they 2. executives; instead, they 3. executives, but, instead, they 4. Many business school students, who are no longer planning to become corporate executives, plan, instead, to become entrepreneurs. Exercise 25.2 (pg. 235) Answers will vary. Chapter 26 Revising Agreement Errors Exercise 26.1 (pg. 240) C C Neither Western novels nor science fiction appeals to me. Stage presence and musical ability make a rock performer successful today. C Hearts is my grandmother’s favorite card game. The best part of B. B. King’s songs is the guitar solos. Time and tide wait for no man. Sports is my main pastime. C Exercise 26.2 (pg. 243) 1. The core of a computer is a collection of electronic circuits that is called the central processing unit. 2. Computers, because of advanced technology that allows the central processing unit to be placed on a “chip,” a thin square of semiconducting material about one-quarter inch on each side, have been greatly reduced in size. 3. No error Directory: academic -> assets -> sites academic -> Annual InStructional unit plan academic -> Unit: Automotive and Auto Body academic -> The Devil in the Deep Blue Sea academic -> Hurricanes and Global Warming An Alternative Point of View by academic -> Davis case study paper: to nourish or not to nourish our florida beaches? academic -> 1Compiled by John Dunne-Brady academic -> Table of Contents Economic Policy Causes and Consequences of the Subprime Crisis Brendan Dowling 11 academic -> United states history and geography academic -> Annotated Bibliography Grades 1-41 sites -> Voting and Participation Download 209.73 Kb. Share with your friends:
|