Arabic & Fársí transcription list and glossary for Bahá’ís Contents

R.. .

Ra’a, Yara, Ra’y, Ru’ya Ra’á, Yará, Ra’y, Ru’ya to see; to behold, descry, perceive, notice, observe, discern (something); to look (at something as), regard (something as), consider, deem, think (something to be …); to judge; to be of the opinion (that), believe, think (that); to express ones opinion; to feel (that); to deem appropriate, think proper (something), decide (on something, to do something); to consider, contemplate

Ra’d, Ru’ud Ra‘d, pl. Ru‘úd thunder

Ra’f, Ra’fat Ra’f, Ra’fat Pers. pitying; being kind and compassionate; bounty. Hence, ra’fatí

Ra’in Rá‘in, pl. Ru‘áh, Ru‘yán, Ru‘á’, Ri‘á’ shepherd, herdsman; guardian, keeper, protector; patron, sponsor; pastor (Christian)

Ra’ina Rá‘iná (a form of address coined by the Companions of the Prophet which they used in addressing him and which happened to be somewhat homophonous with a Hebrew word meaning ‘evil’; therefore the Muslims were cautioned against using the expression) ‘regard us’, ‘look at us’, ‘listen to us’, ‘have care for us, our shepherd. Qur’án 2:104: “Believers, do not say [to the Prophet] ‘rá‘iná’, but say ‘unẓurná’. See Unẓurná

Ra’is, Ru’asa’ Ra’ís, pl. Ru’asá’ one at the head, or in charge, of; head; chieftain; leader; chief, boss; rais; director; head-master, principal, chairman; governor; president; manager, superintendent; conductor (music); superior (as distinguished from subordinate); (military) captain

Ra’isa Ra’ísa manageress; directress; mother superior

Ra’uf Ra’úf merciful, compassionate; kind, benevolent; gracious. ar-Ra’úf divine name the Compassionate

Ra’y, Rai Ra’y, Pers. Ráy (variation), pl. Árá opinion, view; idea, notion, concept, conception; advice, suggestion, proposal; (Islamic Law) subjective opinion, decision hued on one’s individual judgement (not on the Qur’án and Sunna). Persian variation of the meaning for road, path.

Raba, Rubuw Rabá (Rabá’, Rubúw) to increase; to grow; to grow up; to exceed, (a number) Form II to make or let grow; to raise, rear, bring up (someone); to educate; to teach, instruct (a child); to breed, raise (e.g., poultry, cattle); to develop (e.g., a method) Form III to practice usury Form IV to make grow, augment, increase (something); to exceed (a number, an age, a measure) Form V to be brought up, be educated; to be bred, be raised

Rabb, Arbab Rabb, pl. Arbáb lord; master; owner, proprietor (Isl. Law); (with following genitive) one possessed of, endowed with, having to do with, etc. (the Lord = God)

Rabba (Rabb, Ribaha) Rabba (Rabb, Ribáha) to be master, be lord, have possession (of), control (someone, something), have command or authority (over)

Rabbani Rabbání Pers. divine. Surname given by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá to Shoghi Effendi to distinguish him from his cousins. See Priceless Pearl, p. 20. Also used by his brothers and sisters: Mihrangíz Rabbání, Riáz Rúḥangíz and Rúḥangíz Rabbání

Rabbi Rabbí my lord

Rabb-i-A’la Rabb-i-A‘lá “Lord the Most High” or “Exalted Lord” (a designation of the Báb)

Rabbiya’l-Abha Rabbíya’l-Abhá “My Lord, the Most Glorious”

Rabi’ Rábi‘ fourth, making a fourth

Rabi’ Rabí‘ spring, springtime, vernal season; name of the third and fourth months of the Muslim year

Rabi’ih Rábi‘ih Bahá’u’lláh’s family lived four months with the Rábi‘ih family in ‘Akká. The house is adjacent to the small Shrine of Shaykh Ghánim (the building with two small, green domes, east of bend in se corner of Salah and Basri St, 32.919514, 35.068102).

Rabi’u’l-Awwal (Rabi’u’l-Avval) Rabí‘u’l-Awwal (Rabí‘u’l-Avval) third month in Islamic calendar. The first [month] or beginning of spring, referring to its position in the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar.

Rabi’u’th-Thani (Rabi’ al-Athir) Rabí‘u’th-Thání fourth month in Islamic calendar. (the second/last spring). Also known as Rabí‘ al-Ákhir.

Rada, Rawd (Raud) Ráda (Rawd) to walk about, move about, prowl; to look. Form IV to want (something, to do something), wish, have a mind, be willing (to do something); to want to have (something). Form VIII to repair; to explore (something). Aráda want (to), Aradtu, wanted

Radawi, Radavi (Razavi) Raḍawí, Pers. Raḍaví Raḍawí Khurásán Ústán (province), in the ne of Iran

Radi Ráḍí content, satisfied, pleased, willing, acquiescent; pleasing, pleasant, agreeable

Radifa Rádifa(t) second trumpet blast on Day of Resurrection (Qur’án 39:69)—Bahá’u’lláh

Radiu’r-Ruh Raḍíu’r-Rúḥ “Content Spirit”, name given to Mullá Muḥammad-Riḍáy-i-Manshádí by Bahá’u’lláh. [Raḍ’ar-Rúḥ and Raḍa’r-Rúḥ appear to be incorrect]

Radiy, Ardiya’ Raḍíy, pl. Arḍiyá’ satisfied, content; pleasant, agreeable

Radiya, Radiyih Ráḍíya, Pers. Ráḍíyih fem. “Razieh” content, satisfied

Radiya, Ridan, Ridwan Raḍiya, Riḍan, Riḍwán to be satisfied, be content. Riḍan (contentment); Ráḍíy (satisfied, content); Riḍwán (consent, assent, agreement, acceptance, approval, sanction; good will, favour; pleasure, delight). See Marḍáh

Raf’ Raf‘ lifting, hoisting (also, of a flag); elevation; raise, raising, stepping up (of prices, of temperatures, etc.); setting up; erection; abolition; lift, (e.g., of a ban); remedy, elimination, removal; remission (of a tax), abrogation; submission, filing (e.g., of a report)

Rafi Rafí‘ high, high-ranking; lofty, exalted, sublime; loud (voice, sound); thin, fine, delicate; exquisite, refined, subtle; artistic

Rafi Ráfi‘ one who raises or exalts (bearer, crane, hoist); adducing; putting in the nominative case; a plaintiff; a high mountain

Rafi’ ad-Darajat Rafí‘ ad-Daraját The One Who is Exalted in Rank

Rafi’a, Rafa’i’ Rafí‘á, pl. Rafá’í‘ legal case brought before the competent authorities; a document submitted to a proper authority

Rafidi, Arfad Ráfiḍí, pl. Arfáḍ apostate, renegade, turncoat; disloyal, rebellious; bigoted, fanatical

Rafi-i-Khayyat Rafí‘-i-Khayyáṭ

Rafsanjan (Rafsinjan) Rafsanján city and council in Kirman province, Iran

Rahbar Rahbar Pers. a way-guide, escort; demonstration, proof

Rahib Rahíb dreadful, awful, fearful, terrible; solemn, grave

Rahib, Ruhban Ráhib, pl. Ruhbán monk (Christian)

Rahiba, Rahibat Ráhiba (fem.), pl. Ráhibát nun (Christian)

Rahil Ráḥíl Rachel

Rahil, Ruhhal, Rahilun Ráḥil, pl. Ruḥḥal departing leaving, parting; traveling; (pl. ráḥilún) deceased, late

Rahim Khan, Rahimkhan Raḥím Khán Saráb-i-Raḥím Khán village in Bukán County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. 145 km south Tabríz.

Rahim, Ruhama, Ruhum Raḥím, pl. Ruḥamá’, Ruḥúm merciful, compassionate, one of the names (ar-Raḥím) of God

Rahimiyan Raḥímíyán UHJ 63-86, p. 620

Rahimpur (Rahim Pur) Raḥímpúr Díjaz-i-Raḥím Púr, village, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. 17 km sse of Urmia

Rahiq Raḥíq Pers. the best wine; pure, clear, generous (wine); a kind of perfume

Rahiq-i-Makhtum Raḥíq-i-Makhtúm sealed choice wine. See Maykhána

Rahm (Ruhm) Raḥm Pers. compassion, commiseration

Rahma Raḥma pity, compassion; human understanding, sympathy, kindness; mercy

Rahman Raḥmán merciful, compassionate (God). ar-Raḥmán the Merciful (i.e. God), the Most Gracious. The Báb permitted this phrase to be tattooed on the chest of women, in the most beautiful calligraphy.

Rahmani Raḥmání divine

Rahmat Raḥmat mercy. Pers. A gift of the divine mercy; rain, a woman's name; pity, compassion, commiseration; pardon, forgiveness

Rahmatu’llah Raḥmatu’lláh Mercy of God. Raḥmatu’lláh ‘Alá’í (Hájí Mullá Rhamatollah)

Raja Raja yearning, mystical station of yearning or longing for divine grace

Raja’a, Ruju, Raj’ah, Raj’at Raja‘a, Rujú‘, Pers. Raj‘ah, Raj‘at to come back, come again, return; to resort, turn (to); begin again, resume (the return of a specific person in a future time)

Rajaba, Rajiba, Rajab Rajaba, Rajiba (varn. Rajab) to be afraid, be awed (respect, honour). Rajab is seventh month in Islamic calendar

Rajab-i-Haddad Rajab-i-Ḥaddád DB 487

Rajifa Rájifa(t) first trumpet blast on Day of Resurrection (Qur’án 39:69)—the Báb

Rajul, Rijal, Rijalat Rajul, pl. Rijál man;—(pl. rijálát) great, important men, leading personalities, men of distinction

Rak’a (Ra’kah), Raka’at Rak‘a(h), pl. Raka‘át a bending of the torso from an upright position, followed by two prostrations (in Muslim prayer ritual). The recitation of specifically revealed verses accompanied by a prescribed set of genuflections and other movements.

Raka’a, Ruku’ Raka‘a, Rukú‘ to bend the body, bow (esp. in prayer); to kneel down, drop to one’s knees. Yarka‘ (Druze village east of Abú Sinán) is the imperfect form of the verb.

Rakhsh Rakhsh Pers. lightning; the rainbow; reflection of light; a mixture of red and white; a face marked with moles; a mottled or partridge-coloured horse; swift; a horse; name of the horse of the celebrated Rustam; happy, fortunate, prosperous; joyful; commencement; happiness, prosperity

Ramadan (Ramazan) Ramaḍán (Pers. Ramaẓán) Ninth month in Islamic calendar. Time of “intense heat, scorched ground and shortness of rations” (burning heat)

Ramda’ Ramḍá’ sun-baked ground

Ramla, Ramlah (Ramleh) Ramla (Heb.), Ar. ar-Ramlah a city in central Israel

Raqasha Raqasha to variegate, make multi-coloured (something). Form II to adorn, embellish, decorate (something)

Raqib, Ruqaba’ Raqíb, pl. Ruqabá’ vigilant, watchful; guardian, keeper, warden; watcher, observer, lookout; spy; overseer, supervisor, inspector; controller, control officer; postal censor; sergeant (Syrian military)

Raqim, Raqa’im Raqím, pl. Raqá’im inscription, tablet; letter, message; “essay” in Letters & Essays. A writing, a book; especially that which records the history of the Seven Sleepers (Aṣḥáb al-Kahf, “Companions of the cave”); their dog; also their village, or the mountain and cave in which they slept.—pl. books; epistles, writings.

Raqiq, Ariqqa’, Riqaq Raqíq, pl. Ariqqá’, Riqáq slave, slaves (singular and collective); flat loaf of bread; thin; slender, slim; line, delicate; soft, tender, gentle; sensitive, tactful, discreet, prudent

Raqsha Raqshá’ (from raqasha) shape, beauty and ability to attract of a serpent. Hence, female serpent. “She-serpent”, title given to Imám-Jum‘ih of Iṣfahán, Mír Muḥammad-Ḥusayn

Ras Ras arriving; happening; touching; ripe; a vine; a glutton; a corrupter, destroyer, mischief-maker; a rope, cable; a necklace; a neck-cloth; smelted ore; hard, firm, strong; (for aras) the river Araxes. In Islamic times, the Araxes became known in Arabic parlance as ar-Rass. This Arabic name led the Muslim exegetes to connect the Araxes with the Aṣḥáb ar-Rass of the Qur’án 25:38, 50:12

Rasa’il wa Raqa’im Rasá’il wa Raqá’im title of a book by Mírzá Faḍl that was translated as “Letters & Essays”. See risála and raqím

Rasafa, Rusafa Raṣáfa (or Ruṣáfa) firmness, compactness. Al-Raṣáfa, east bank of Baghdád

Rasalat, Risalat Rasálat, Risálat Pers. a mission, legation; the gift of prophecy; the office of a prophet; a letter, a treatise

Rashad (variation Rishad) Rashád (Rishád) integrity of conduct; reason, good sense, senses; maturity; garden peppergrass (Lepidium sativum)

Rashad Rashad integrity of conduct, straightforwardness, forthrightness

Rashada Rashada to be on the right way, follow the right course, be well guided, not go astray (especially, in religious matters); to have the true faith, be a true believer; to become sensible, become mature, grow up; to come of age

Rashh Rashḥ secretion (of a fluid); perspiration, sweating; leaking, leakiness; filtering, filtration, percolation; oozing, trickling; cold, catarrh

Rashh-i-’Ama Rashḥ-i-‘Amá’ “Sprinkling from a Cloud”, often roughly translated as "Sprinkling of the Cloud of Unknowing”. First poem by Bahá’u’lláh after His release from the Black Pit, Ṭihrán. ‘Amá symbolizes the First Invisible Substance. Many writers, reason unknown, omit the final ḥamza.

Rashid ad-Din Sinan Rashíd ad-Dín Sinán a leader of the Syrian branch of the Nizárí Ismá‘ílí state (the Assassins), and a figure in the history of the crusades. Was known by the crusaders as the “Old Man of the Mountain” (Shaykh al-Jabal). He went to the Alamút valley, the centre of the Ḥashsháshín, as a youth.

Rashid Ráshid following the right way, rightly guided, having the true faith; sensible, reasonable; of full legal age, major

Rashid, Rushada Rashíd, pl. Rushadá’ rightly guided, following the right way; having the true faith; reasonable, rational, intelligent, discriminating, discerning; mature;—pl. of full legal age, major

Rashidun Ráshidún Rightly-Guided (ar-Ráshdún, the Rightly-Guided)

Rashsha, Rashsh Rashsha (Rashsh) to spatter, splash, spurt (a liquid); to spray (a liquid); to sprinkle (something, with, on); to splatter, spatter, bespatter (something, with water, etc.); to water (something)

Rasht Rasht city in province of Gílán

Rasiq (Rasikh), Rasiqun Rásiq, pl. Rásiqún firmly established, deep-rooted; grounded, firmly fixed, stable; conversant (with something), thoroughly versed, completely at home (in a field)

Rasiqun fi’l-‘ilm ar-Rasiqún fi‘l-‘ilm those deeply rooted in knowledge (Ṣúfí terminology)

Rasm Rasm Pers. marking out, drawing, writing; a law, canon, rule, regulation, precept, habit, custom, mode, manner, usage. Rasm (rite, formality and rule) affects everyone. Rasm (custom) has made it easy for the clergy to control the general population. Hidden Words Arabic no. 2. See sha’n

Rass Rass digging (a well or grave); the beginning of anything; first attack or symptom (of a fever or love); burying; hiding, secreting; making peace, reconciling; a well constructed with stones; name of a certain well in which the people of Thamúd imprisoned one of their prophets until he died. Aṣḥábí (ahli) ar-Rass—name given to these people, see Qur’án 25:38, 50:12.

Rastagar Rastagár Pers. safe, free, escaped, bountiful (Rastigar, Rastegar)

Rastakhiz Rastákhíz Pers. resurrection. Rastakhiz Party (Ḥizb-i-Rastákhíz “Resurgence party”) founded on 2 March 1975 by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. The party was intended as Iran's new single party, holding a monopoly on political activity in Iran, and to which all Iranians were required to belong. The Bahá’ís refused to join. It survives today in exile as an Iranian monarchist party opposing the Islamic Republic created when the Pahlavi dynasty was overthrown.

Rastaq Rastáq a village in Iran DB 484, near Nayríz?

Rasul Allah Rasúl Alláh “Divine Manifestation” in the Bahá’í Writings. See Sulṭán ar-Rusul.

Rasul Allah, Rasulu’llah Rasúl Alláh, Pers. Rasúlu’lláh Messenger of God

Rasul, Rusul, Rasulan Rasúl, pl. Rusul, Pers. also Rasúlán messenger; emissary; envoy, delegate; apostle (Christian). Term for a figure of salvation—Messenger of God [or apostle] and a Prophet). Compare with Nabí. [erroneous Rassoul]. Alternative Persian plural may also be Rasúlin.

Ratl Raṭl, pl. Arṭál rotl, a weight (449.28 g; in Syr. 3.202 kg, in Beirut and Aleppo = 2.566 kg)

Rawan Rawán Pers. life, soul, spirit; the reasonable soul; the heart

Rawda (Rauda), Rawdat, Rawdih Rawḍa(h), (Pers. Rawḍih), pl. Rawḍát garden; meadow. Other Ar. plurals: rawḍ, riyáḍ and rídán

Rawdat as-Safa, Rawdatu’s-Safa Rawḍat aṣ-Ṣafá, Pers. Rawḍatu’ṣ-Ṣafá Gardens of Purity. Táríkh rawḍatu’s-Ṣafáy-i-Náṣirí by Riḍá Qulí Khán Hidáyat

Rawdih-Khani Rawḍih-Khání Pers. the traditional reciting by Shí‘ih Muslims of the sufferings of Imám Ḥusayn. “lamentation”

Rawdiy-i-Kafi Rawḍiy-i-Káfí

Rawh wa rayhan Rawḥ wa rayḥán ‘with joy and radiance’

Rawha Rawḥá eastern side of Baghdád (split by Tigris River) was also known (by Persians) as ar-Rawḥá (the widespreading or the shallow). See az-Zawrá’

Rawhani (Rauhani) Rawḥání good, agreeable, clean and pure (place)

Rawiy Rawíy final letter, rhyming letter (in Arabic verse); rhyme

Rawshan (Raushan) Rawshan, pl. Rawáshin skylight, scuttle

Rawshani Rawshaní

Rayb (Raib) Rayb doubt; suspicion; uncertainty

Rayhan or Raihan (Reyhan) Raiḥán or Rayḥán sweet basil

Raytu’l-‘Ayn Ráytú’l-‘Ayn Pers. “vision of the eye”. See Ra’y

Raytu’llah Ráytú’lláh Pers. “I saw God”. See Ra’y

Rayy (Ray, Rey, Raghes) Rayy an ancient capital city of the Medes to the east of Shahr-i-Ray (se Ṭihrán)

Razaqa, Razzaq Razaqa(h), Pers. Razzáq to provide with the means of subsistence (to someone; said of God); to bestow (upon someone something, material or spiritual possessions; said of God), endow (someone with); to bless (someone with, especially with a child); Pers. dispenser, disposer of; an attribute of God, as the provider of the necessaries of life, the giver of daily bread; providence.

Raziq Ráziq giver of the necessaries of life; providence. Ar-Ráziq the Maintainer, the Provider (one of the 99 attributes of God)

Ri’asa, Riyasa Ri’ása, Riyása leadership, leading position; management, direction; chairmanship; presidency, presidentship; supervision, superintendency

Riban Riban interest; usurious interest; usury. Qur’án 3:130, 4:161, 30:39 and most importantly 2:275–2:280. Muslims generally interpret usury as including all interest. However, the Qur’án does not forbid interest, see The development of Shaykhí thought in Shí‘í Islam, p. 152 (referencing Persian Bayan, p. 181). See fá’ida

Rida Salim Riḍá’ Salím [Riaz Selim]

Rida’ Riḍá‘ foster relationship

Rida’, Riza’ Riḍá’, Pers. Riẓá’ & Riḍá (Pers. “Reza”) contentment, contentedness, satisfaction; agreement, consent, assent, acceptance, approval, sanction; propitiation, conciliation. “good-pleasure”. Mystical station in which one finds absolute peace and inner pleasure in relation to life in general.

Rida-Quli Riḍá-Qulí Riḍá-Qulí, Mírzá Half-brother of Bahá’u’lláh who kept apart from Him and hid his relationship.

Riday-i-Qannad Riḍáy-i-Qannád

Riday-i-Saffar Riḍáy-i-Ṣaffár

Ridvani Riḍvání used as a Persian surname

Ridvaniyyih Riḍváníyyih used as Persian girls name (Ridvaniyeh)

Ridvanu’l-’Adl Riḍvánu’l-‘Adl “The Garden of Justice” (by Bahá’u’lláh)

Ridvanu’l-Iqrar Riḍvánu’l-Iqrár “The Garden of Confession” (by Bahá’u’lláh)

Ridvanu’llah Riḍvánu’lláh “The Garden of God”

Ridwan, Ridvan Riḍwán, Per. Riḍván consent, assent, agreement, acceptance, approval, sanction; good will, favour; pleasure, delight. It is sometimes translated as ‘paradise’, ‘heaven’, ‘tabernacle’ and ‘garden’. See Raḍiya. Name given to two gardens significant in Bahá’í history. These are: the garden of Najíbíyyih owned by Najíb Páshá outside Baghdád (area now occupied by the Baghdad Medical City—April 1863); and Na‘mayn, a ‘verdant knoll’ less than a kilometre east of the walls of ‘Akká, around which the Na‘mayn Stream (now largely dry due to ground water extraction for irrigation) divides before it empties into the sea.

Rif’a Rif‘a(t) height, elevation (e.g., of a structure); high rank or standing

Rifat, Rafat Rifát, Rafát lifted, elated, joyous

Rij’at Rij‘at return of individuals or types in successive cycles e.g. Rij‘at-Ḥusayní (Imám Ḥusayn). See Raja’a

Rik’at Rik‘at prostration in prayer (The Kitáb-i-Íqán, p. 50)

Risala, Risalat, Rasa’il Risála(t), pl. Risálát, Rasá’il consignment, shipment; mail item; (written) communication or report; missive; letter, note; epistle; treatise; dispatch; message; radio message; the gift of prophecy; the office of a prophet; Messengership. Messengership is described as proclaiming the knowledge of the first intellect (al-‘aql al-awwal) to the prepared (musta‘idd) people. Shaykh Aḥmad in The development of Shaykhí thought in Shí‘í Islam, p. 90. See nubúwa

Risalah Fi’l-Ghina’ Risálah Fi’l-Ghiná’ “Treatise on Singing” (by the Báb)

Risalah Fi’n-Nahv Risálah Fi’n-Naḥv “Treatise on Grammar” (by the Báb)

Risaliy-i-‘Adliyyih Risáliy-i-‘Adlíyyih “Treatise on Justice” (by the Báb)

Risaliy-i-Amriyyih Risáliy-i-Amríyyih “Treatise on Leadership” by Muḥammad Muṣṭafá (The Dawn-Breakers, p. 670

Risaliy-i-Ayat-i-Mu’arrakhih Risáliy-i-Ayát-i-Mu‘arrakhih “Treatise on the Dated Verses” by Abu’l-Faḍl

Risaliy-i-Ayyubiyyih Risáliy-i-Ayyúbiyyih “Treatise on Job” by Abdu’l-Faḍl

Risaliy-i-Dhahabiyyih Risáliy-i-Dhahabíyyih should be Khuṭbiy-i-Dhikríyyih (by the Báb) Gate of the Heart, p. 379.

Risaliy-i-Fiqhiyyih Risáliy-i-Fiqhíyyih “Treatise on Fiqh” (by the Báb)

Risaliy-i-Furu’-i-’Adliyyih Risáliy-i-Furú‘-i-‘Adlíyyih “Treatise of Justice: Branches” (by the Báb)

Risaliy-i-Ithbat-i-Nubuvvat-i-Khassih Risáliy-i-Ithbát-i-Nubuvvat-i-Kháṣṣih “Epistle on the Proofs of the Prophethood of Muḥammad” (by the Báb)

Risaliy-i-Khaqaniyyih Risáliy-i-Kháqáníyyih treatise in answer to Fatḥ-‘Alí Sháh’s question regarding the superiority of the Qá'im over His ancestors.

Risaliy-i-Madaniyyih Risáliy-i-Madaníyyih a treatise on civilization (by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá). Translated by Shoghi Effendi as “Tablet of Divine Civilization”

Risaliy-i-Siyasiyyih Risáliy-i-Siyásíyyih Treatise on Politics by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá

Rish, Rishun, Riyash, Aryash Rísh (collective; noun Ríshun) feathers; feathering, plumage; clothes, attire, exterior; bristles (e.g., of a brush). Pl. riyásh, aryásh

Risha, Rishat Rísha(t) (n. -un.) pl. Ríshát feather; quill; writing pen; brush (of a painter); plectrum; lancet; (e.g.) reed (of certain wind instruments, e.g., of the oboe (music)

Rish-Safid Rísh-Safíd DB 477

Ríyád (Riaz) Ríyáḍ (Ríaz) Pers. see Rawḍa. Ríyáḍ (Ríaz) Effendi, son of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá

Riyal Riyál, pl. Riyálát a silver coin

Riz-Ab Ríz-Áb a village in Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. 90 km ne of Yazd.

Rizq, Arzaq Rizq, pl. Arzáq livelihood, means of living, subsistence; daily bread, nourishment, sustenance; boon, blessing (of God); property, possessions, wealth, fortune; income; pay, wages

Rizwan, Ruzwan Rizwán, Ruzwán Pers. accepting, acquiescing; being pleased, gratified;—rizwán, a blessing, benediction; paradise; name of the porter or gardener of paradise

Ru’ya, Ruya Ru’yá, Rúyá Pers. a vision, dream. See Ra’á

Ru’yatú’l-Mashiyya Rú’yatú’l-Mashíyat “vision of the Primal Will of God”

Ruba’i, Ruba’iyyat Rubá‘í, pl. Rubá’iyát consisting or four, quadripartite, fourfold, quadruple; quadrangular; tetragonal; (grammar) consisting of four radical letters, quadriliteral; quartet;—pl. quatrains (poetry)

Ruba’iyat ‘Umar Rubá’iyát ‘Umar Khayyám “Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam” trans. Edward FitzGerald

Rububiya, Rububiyat Rubúbíya, Pers. Rubúbíyat & Rubúbíyyih divinity, deity, godship, dominion, supreme power

Rud Rúd Pers. river, torrent, flowing water; the Oxus; intestines, gut; the string of a musical instrument; a bow-string; song, cheerfulness, jovial conversation, convivial mirth; vocal or instrumental music; a son or daughter; a beautiful brunette; a comely and amiable youth; a plucked bird; a shorn sheep. Used as a suffix with given name, as in Yálrúd.

Rudaki Rúdakí from a Rúdak village (in Fars, Qazvin and Tihran Provinces). Abú ‘Abd Alláh Ja‘far ibn Muḥammad ar-Rúdakí (died 941), better known as Rúdakí, a Persian poet regarded as the first great literary genius of the Modern Persian language.

Ruh al-Mu’ani Rúḥ al-Mu’ání al-Rúḥ al-Mu‘ání, The Spirit of the Meanings, by Shaykh Maḥmúd al-Álúsí

Ruh Husayn ibn Rúḥ, Ḥusayn ibn (TN p. 16)

Ruh, Arwah Rúḥ m. & f., pl. Arwáḥ breath of life, soul; spirit (in all senses); gun barrel

Ruha Rúḥá

Ruhangiz, Ruh-Angiz Rúḥangíz a sister of Shoghi Effendi

Ruhani, Ruhanun Rúḥání, pl. Rúḥánún spiritual, immaterial; divine, sacred, holy; clergyman, minister (Christian)

Ruhaniya, Ruhaniyyih Rúḥáníya, Pers. Rúḥáníyyih spirituality; transfiguration

Ruhi Effendi Rúḥí Effendi Afnán Shoghi Effendi’s cousin through ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s daughter, Ṭúbá

Ruhi, Ruhat Rúḥí, pl. Rúḥát spirituous; spiritual;—pl. spiritual things

Ruhiya, Ruhiyyih Rúḥíya, Pers. Rúḥíyyih spirituality; mentality, mental attitude, frame of mind

Ruhu’llah Rúḥu’lláh “Spirit of God”. A designation Muslims use for Jesus. Son of Mírzá ‘Alí-Muḥammad-i-Varqá

Ruhu’l-Ma’ani Rúḥu’l-Ma‘ání a tafsír (exegesis) of the Qur’án by Muftí Sayyid Maḥmúd al-Álúsí al-Baghdádí (10 December 1802—29 July 1854), was an ‘Iráqí Islamic scholar best known for writing Rúḥu’l-Ma‘ání

Rukh Rukh Pers. a cheek; the face, countenance; a side, point, quarter; the rook or tower at chess; a knight-errant; a head-stall for a horse

Rukhsara Rukhsára Pers. cheek, face, complexion, mien

Rukn ar-Rabi’, Rukn-i-Rabi ar-Rukn ar-Rábi‘, Pers. Rukn-i-Rábi‘ Fourth Pillar or Support (God, Muḥammad and the Imams are the first three)—a perfect Shí‘í man (ash-Shí‘í al-Kámil) believed always to exist among the Shi’ihs and to serve as a Channel of grace

Rukn, Arkan Rukn, pl. Arkán pillar, support, prop; corner; nook; basis, basic element, first principle;—pl. staff (military); basic elements, chief elements

Rukni’d-Dawlih Rukni’d-Dawlih the Pillar of the State

Rum, Arwam ar-Rúm, pl. al-Arwám the Romaeans, the Byzantines; Byzantium, i.e. the Christian people and countries (Greece; Rome, Romelia; Turkey) of the eastern Roman Empire (later the Byzantine Empire);—pl. (the adherents of) the Greek Orthodox Church. ar-Rúm is an old name for Istanbul. Derived from a Greek plural word meaning Romans. Baḥr ar-Rúm (the Roman Sea) the Mediterranean.

Rumi, Arwam Rúmí, pl. Arwám Romaean, Byzantine; Greek Orthodox (Church). Jalálu’d-Dín-i-Rúmí

Rumilya, Rumelia, Roumelia Rúmílyá Turkish (Rumeli) for “Land of the Romans” also known as Turkey in Europe, was a historical term describing (after 1453) the area now referred to as the Balkans (an area primarily populated by Christians) when it was administered by the Ottoman Empire. Rumelia included the provinces of Thrace, Macedonia and Moesia, today's Bulgaria and Turkish Thrace. The name Rumelia was ultimately applied to a province composed of central Albania and north-western Macedonia.

Runiz Rúníz (Roniz Olya) a town 55 km west of Nayríz

Ruqayya Ruqayya(h) (also spelled Ruqaiya, Ruqayyah, Ruqaiyyah, Ruqaya, Rukaiya, etc.) feminine name meaning “rise, ascent, ascending”, “chant or recite Divine Words”. Derived either from ruqíy or ruqyah. It also means “enchanting, bewitching or of being armed against sorcery”. Ruqayyah is the name of a daughter of Muḥammad.

Ruqiy Ruqíy rise, progress, upward development

Ruqya, Ruqqan Ruqya(h), pl. Ruqan spell, charm, magic; incantation

Rushd Rushd integrity of (ones) actions, proper, sensible conduct; reason, good sense, senses; consciousness; maturity (of the mind)

Rushdi Rushdí rightly guided, of true faith, mature

Rustam (Rostam, Rostem) Rustam Pers. the most renowned Persian hero, described as Persia’s Hercules. Character in Sháhnáma(h)

Rutba, Rutab Rutba, pl. Rutab degree, grade, level; rank, standing, station; class, quality; (military) rank; clerical rank, order (of the Christian ministry); religious ceremony (Christian)

Ruz Rúz Pers. a day; day-time; the sun; the face; good fortune; opportunity; the vernal equinox; power, strength; courage; open, manifest, clear, evident

Ruz-bih, Ruzbih Rúz-bih, Rúzbih Pers. fortunate days, happy times; improving daily; happy, fortunate. A Persian who embraced Christianity and, being told a Prophet was about to arise in Arabia, journeyed there. He met Muḥammad at Koba on His migration to Medina, recognized His station and became a Muslim. For bih, see bahja.

Ruzbihan (Ruzbihyan) Rúzbihán (Roozbehyan) possible plural of Rúzbih. Rúzbihán Baqlí Shírází (d. 1221), 13th-century Iranian mystic.