Compensate individuals and local communities who own or depend on land or resources taken for public purposes:
Compensation-whether cash, alternative tracts of land, or services-directly supports biodiversity conservation. To qualify for compensation, occupation of land and reliance on its resources should be enough. In much of the world, the poor simply do not have land title (even though they may have customary rights). Standing on legal formality would only obstruct attempts to equitably share the costs and benefits of biodiversity conservation and management.
d. Recognize and quantify the local economic value of wild products:
Development planners have systematically undervalued the economic importance of the local use of wild products, many of which are consumed directly and never enter markets. Examples include vegetables, meat, fibers, bamboos, canes, grasses, medicines, spices, seeds for oil and propagation, gums and resins, dyes, honey and wax, and wood. The value of these products can be far higher than that of timber harvest or land conversion to pasture or agriculture. For example, over 50 years, harvesting such forest products as fruit and latex in one forest in Peru could yield more than twice as much money as either cattle ranching or conversion to timber production (Peters et al., 1989). In Southeast Asia, at least 29 million people depend on the harvest of nontimber forest products for daily needs and cash income (de Beer and McDermott, 1989). Determining the value of wild products to local economies can be time-consuming.
4.Strengthening protected areas :
Objective :Identify national and international priorities for strengthening protected areas and enhancing their role in biodiversity conservation
Conduct national reviews of protected area systems:
A well-designed protected area system review should provide:
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