Undertake an international assessment of present and future protected area needs:
The IUCN Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas (CNPPA) and the associated IUCN Secretariat should be authorized and funded to coordinate the assessment of regional and global protected area needs. Working with the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), national ministries (of environment, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries), scientists, communities, and non-governmental organizations, IUCN should establish a mechanism to document the status of the world's protected areas, provide criteria and guidelines to governments preparing national assessments, and help identify priorities for establishing or strengthening protected areas.
Figure: Vegetation and protected ares of Madagaskar( source:Stuart and Adams, 1990)
Provide incentives for establishing private protected areas:
Protected areas established by private or nongovernmental organizations already play a major role in the conservation of biodiversity and could play a greater role in the future. Community and private groups are purchasing lands for private reserves, donating private lands to public protected area systems, and helping maintain and manage public protected areas. To carry out their vital work, changes in tax law are needed.
Promote international cooperation on protected area management:
Protected areas established in different countries are often physically or biologically linked. Whether "transboundary" protected areas are contiguous (those along international borders) or noncontiguous (networks of sites utilized by migratory species), the need for and obstacles to international cooperation are similar. To maximize the contribution of such protected areas to biodiversity conservation, governments of transboundary protected areas should establish joint commissions to formulate management plans that seek to reconcile conflicting management practices and establish approaches that are in each country's interest. Where governments resist such cooperation on grounds that their sovereignty might be breached, unofficial planning by protected area managers may be the answer.
5.Conserving species, populations, and genetic diversity:
